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Examples of Open Loop Control Systems

This document presents several examples of open-loop control systems such as washing machines, street lighting, toasters, and traffic lights. These systems operate based on a timer or preset time without measuring the actual output and without the ability to correct disturbances. It also presents examples of closed-loop control systems such as greenhouse lighting, refrigeration, and temperature control, which measure the output signal, compare it with a reference value, and make corrections.

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31 views2 pages

Examples of Open Loop Control Systems

This document presents several examples of open-loop control systems such as washing machines, street lighting, toasters, and traffic lights. These systems operate based on a timer or preset time without measuring the actual output and without the ability to correct disturbances. It also presents examples of closed-loop control systems such as greenhouse lighting, refrigeration, and temperature control, which measure the output signal, compare it with a reference value, and make corrections.

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© © All Rights Reserved
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Examples of open loop control systems

1. A practical example is a domestic washing machine; the soaking, washing and


Rinse cycles in the washing machine operate on a time basis. The machine does not measure the signal of
output which is the degree of cleanliness of the clothes.
2. Another example is the pre-programmed street lighting, where the goal is to maintain a
minimum lighting level on the streets, for which it is required to turn on the lights at
a specific hour and turn them off at another. Thus, one can decide to turn on the lighting.
at 6:30 p.m. and turn it off at 6:30 a.m. A drawback of this system occurs when
There are cloudy days or when the season changes, as the time changes.
at sunset and sunrise. Therefore, it is necessary to modify the timer several times.
per year.
3. Let's analyze in more detail the case of another common household appliance,
like a toaster, which also operates in an open loop. This device is
made with the purpose of obtaining a darker toast the longer it is
subjected to heat. Here the output variable is the color of the toasted bread and the variable of
the input is the color of the desired bread once it has been toasted. The device does not have the
ability to measure the color of the roast, operates based on a time base that
determines the degree to which the bread is toasted, therefore there is no feedback from
the output and the system is unable to distinguish if the bread to be toasted has different thickness, or
well it's made of rye or another type of flour. Therefore, it cannot be corrected.
external or internal disturbances.
4. Another example of an open-loop control system is the traffic control system.
through traffic lights, the good functioning of this control system depends
exclusively for its calibration (times that need to be on)
red and green lights) what is done based on the study of circulation of volume of
vehicles on the roadways.
5. Regulation of a tank's volume.
The first ones are manual as they require a person to perform an action that
indicate to the system what to do. To keep the water level in the tank constant is
It is necessary for a person to operate the valve when the flow rate changes.
6. Amplifier.
An example can be the sound amplifier of a music system. When we
we vary the volume potentiometer, it changes the amount of power it delivers
speaker, but the system does not know if the desired variation has occurred or not.
7. Microwave oven
In the microwave oven, the control keys or buttons set the input signals.
being the increase in the temperature of the food or cooking the output. If for any reason
the reason the temperature reached, or the time the microwave has been applied
insufficient, and as a consequence the food has not reached the desired conditions,
this does not alter the operating cycle; that is to say, the output does not exert influence over
the entrance.
Examples of closed-loop control systems
1. Greenhouse lighting system.
As the light increases or decreases, the roof will open or close.
maintaining a constant light level.
2. Cooling system
A cooling system where one inputs a product and the refrigerator
it levels the temperature, if you put something hot inside, the refrigerator will have to produce
colder until reaching the temperature at which the product is desired.
3. Temperature control
An example would be the temperature control system of a room.
Measuring the actual temperature and comparing it with the reference temperature (the
desired temperature), the thermostat activates or deactivates the heating system or
cooling to ensure that the room temperature is maintained at
a comfortable level without considering external conditions.
4.

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