1. What is JDBC?
Answer: JDBC (Java Database Connectivity) is a Java API that enables Java
applications to interact with
relational databases. It provides a standard interface for connecting to a
database, executing SQL queries,
and processing the results.
JDBC is platform-independent and is an essential component of Java for database-
driven applications.
2. What is the difference between Statement and PreparedStatement?
Answer:
Statement: Used for executing simple SQL queries. It's not optimized and does not
prevent SQL injection attacks.
PreparedStatement: Precompiles the SQL query, improving performance and security.
It is used to execute
parameterized queries, which prevents SQL injection.
3. What is a ResultSet?
Answer: A ResultSet is an object that holds the data retrieved from a database
after executing a query. It represents
the result of a query and allows you to iterate through the rows and columns
returned by the query.
4. What is the difference between executeQuery() and executeUpdate()?
Answer:
executeQuery(): Used for executing SELECT queries and returns a ResultSet.
executeUpdate(): Used for executing INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE queries, and returns the
number of rows affected by the query.
5. What is the use of Connection interface in JDBC?
Answer: The Connection interface represents a connection to the database. It is
used to create Statement and
PreparedStatement objects, manage transaction control (commit/rollback), and
retrieve metadata about the database.
6. What is the role of the DriverManager class in JDBC?
Answer: DriverManager is used to manage a list of database drivers. It is
responsible for establishing a connection to
the database by selecting an appropriate driver based on the provided database URL.
7. What is SQLException in JDBC?
Answer: SQLException is a standard exception in JDBC that handles database-related
errors. It provides information about
the database interaction error, such as error code, SQL state, and the exception
message.
8. What is the use of close() method in JDBC?
Answer:
close(): Closes the database connection, releasing the resources used.
9. Explain the concept of Batch Processing in JDBC.
Answer: Batch processing allows you to execute multiple SQL queries in one go,
which improves performance by
reducing the number of round trips to the database. You can add multiple statements
to a batch using addBatch() and
execute them using executeBatch().
10. What is ResultSetMetaData?
Answer: ResultSetMetaData provides information about the columns of a ResultSet,
such as the number of columns, the
column names, and their types. It is used to get metadata about the result set.
11. What is the difference between execute() and executeQuery() in JDBC?
Answer:
execute(): It can execute any type of SQL statement (e.g., SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE,
DELETE, or DDL statements like CREATE,
DROP). It returns a boolean value to indicate if the result is a ResultSet or an
update count.
executeQuery(): Specifically used for SELECT queries, it returns a ResultSet
containing the result set.
12. Can we use JDBC to interact with NoSQL databases?
Answer: No, JDBC is designed to interact with relational databases (SQL-based
databases). NoSQL databases use different
mechanisms and APIs to interact with data. For example, MongoDB has its own Java
driver for interaction.
13. What are the common exceptions in JDBC?
Answer: Common exceptions in JDBC include:
SQLException: General SQL-related exceptions.
Class not found exception
14. How do you handle errors in JDBC?
Answer: Errors in JDBC are handled using try-catch blocks. You can catch
SQLException and use its methods
(getMessage(), getErrorCode(), getSQLState()) to retrieve information about the
error. Proper exception handling
ensures that resources (e.g., Connection, Statement, ResultSet) are closed in the
finally block.
