Knowledge of ICT
Fundamentals of Computer System, Basics of Operating System, MS Office, Keyboard
Shortcuts and their uses, Important Computer Terms and Abbreviations, Computer
Networks, Cyber Security, and Internet.
Let's break down the key areas of ICT (Information and Communications Technology) knowledge you've
listed, providing some details and context for each:
1. Fundamentals of Computer Systems:
* Hardware: The physical components of a computer, including the CPU (Central Processing Unit),
memory (RAM), storage devices (hard drives, SSDs), input devices (keyboard, mouse), and output
devices (monitor, printer). Understanding how these components interact is crucial.
* Software: The programs that run on a computer. This includes operating systems (like Windows,
macOS, Linux), applications (like word processors, web browsers), and utilities (like antivirus software).
* Data Representation: How information is stored and processed by computers using binary code (0s
and 1s). Concepts like bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, etc., are essential here.
* Basic Architecture: The fundamental organization of a computer system, including the relationship
between the CPU, memory, and input/output devices.
2. Basics of Operating Systems:
* Purpose: The OS acts as an intermediary between the user and the hardware, managing resources like
the CPU, memory, and peripherals. It provides a platform for applications to run.
* Functions: Key functions include process management (running multiple programs concurrently),
memory management, file system management, and input/output management.
* Types: Different types of operating systems exist, including single-user (like Windows for a personal
computer), multi-user (like Linux servers), and mobile operating systems (like Android, iOS).
* User Interface: How users interact with the OS (e.g., command-line interface or graphical user
interface (GUI)).
3. MS Office:
* Word: Word processing software for creating and editing documents. Key skills include formatting
text, working with tables, inserting images, and using mail merge.
* Excel: Spreadsheet software for data analysis, calculations, and creating charts. Formulas, functions,
and data manipulation are important.
* PowerPoint: Presentation software for creating slideshows. Working with slides, adding multimedia,
and animations are common tasks.
* Access (Sometimes Included): Database management software for storing and retrieving data.
4. Keyboard Shortcuts and Their Uses:
* General Shortcuts: Ctrl+C (copy), Ctrl+V (paste), Ctrl+X (cut), Ctrl+Z (undo), Ctrl+S (save), Ctrl+F (find),
Ctrl+A (select all).
* Application-Specific Shortcuts: Many applications have their own specific shortcuts to improve
efficiency. Learning these can significantly speed up your work. For example, Ctrl+B (bold) in Word.
* Importance: Using keyboard shortcuts can save a lot of time and effort compared to using the mouse
for every action.
5. Important Computer Terms and Abbreviations:
* RAM: Random Access Memory (temporary memory).
* CPU: Central Processing Unit (the "brain" of the computer).
* HDD/SSD: Hard Disk Drive/Solid State Drive (storage devices).
* URL: Uniform Resource Locator (web address).
* IP Address: Internet Protocol Address (a unique identifier for a device on a network).
* HTML: Hypertext Markup Language (used to create web pages).
* HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (used to transfer data over the web).
* Wi-Fi: Wireless Fidelity (wireless networking technology).
* USB: Universal Serial Bus (a standard for connecting devices to a computer).
6. Computer Networks:
* Types: LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), the Internet.
* Network Topologies: How devices are connected in a network (e.g., star, bus, ring).
* Networking Devices: Routers, switches, modems.
* Protocols: Sets of rules that govern communication over a network (e.g., TCP/IP).
7. Cyber Security:
* Threats: Malware (viruses, worms, ransomware), phishing, hacking, denial-of-service attacks.
* Security Measures: Firewalls, antivirus software, strong passwords, two-factor authentication, data
encryption.
* Best Practices: Being cautious about clicking on links or opening attachments from unknown sources,
keeping software updated.
8. Internet:
* WWW (World Wide Web): A system of interconnected web pages accessed via the internet.
* Browsers: Software used to access the web (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Edge).
* Search Engines: Tools used to find information on the web (e.g., Google, Bing).
* Email: Electronic mail.
* Online Services: Social media, e-commerce, cloud storage.
This breakdown should give you a good foundation for understanding these essential ICT concepts.
Remember that continuous learning is crucial in the ever-evolving world of technology. If you have
more specific questions about any of these topics, feel free to ask!
