General Physics 1
Grade 12- STEM
Q1_Module 1
Target:
Learning Task:
üS o l v e m e a s u r e m e n t
problems involving
c o n v e r s i o n o f
units,expression of
measurements in scientific
notation
Jumpstart:
Activity 1. “I Rule You!”
Materials:
Ruler or footrule, with
centimeter and inch scale
1WSOPP
Jumpstart:
Procedure:
1. Bring out 1WSOPP.
2. Measure its dimension in two different cases. Use a
separate sheet of pad paper for your answer.
Case 1. Measure the perimeter of your 1WSOPP with
your ruler using the centimeter scale. Record your
measurements below.
Perimeter = _______________ cm
Case 2. Repeat case 1, but this time use the inch scale.
Record your
measurement below.
Perimeter = _______________ inches
Jumpstart:
Questions:
1. Do you have the same measurement in both cases?
Why?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
2. Which of the two scales you found harder to read?
What might be the reason?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
Jumpstart:
Questions:
What process did you use in the
activity?
What is measurement?
Give and differentiate the 2
systems of measurement.
Discover:
Metric System
versus
English System
Discover:
*Remember:
In both the Metric and English
systems, several measures are
expressed.
When performing a measurement,
such as adding or multiplying, it is
necessary to
convert one unit to another in order
to maintain consistency.
Discover:
*Let’s Try This!
What will the outcome
be if you add 20 meters and
600 centimeters, for
example?
Discover:
*The Answer!
Because the two
quantities do not share a
common unit, you cannot
simply add them.
Discover:
*Remember:
To do the computation, the
unit of one quantity must be
changed first, then
the unit of the other quantity.
Discover:
*Remember:
Conversion is the process of
changing one unit into
another of the same physical
quantity. The value or size of
the physical quantity does
not change during conversion;
only the unit alters.
Discover:
*Conversion Factors:
Length
1 cm = 10 mm
1 m = 1 000 km = 3.28 ft = 39.37 in
1 km = 1 000 m = 3 280 .84 ft
1 mi = 5 280 ft = 1 609 = 1.609 km
1 ft = 12 in = 30.48 cm
1 in = 2.54 cm
Discover:
*Conversion Factors:
Mass
1 kg = 1 000 g
1 slug = 14 600 g = 14.6 kg
1 metric ton = 1 000 kg
Discover:
*Conversion Factors:
Volume
1 m3 = 1 000 000 cm3 = 1 000 L
1 L = 1 000 cm3 = 1.056 qt
1 gal = 4 qt 3.785 L
Discover:
*Conversion Factors:
Force
1 N = 100 000 dynes
1 lb = 4.45 N
1 kg mass = 2.2 lb
Discover:
*Conversion Factors:
Time
1 hr = 60 min = 3 600 s
1 day = 24 h = 1 440 min = 86 400 s
1 year = 365 days
1 min = 60 s
Discover:
*Conversion Factors:
Area
1 m2 = 10 000 cm2 = 10.76 ft2
1 in2 =6.45 cm2
1 ft2 = 144 in2 = 929 cm2
Discover:
*Conversion Factors:
Power
1 hp = 746 W = 550 ft lbs
1 MW = 1 000 W
1 GW = 1 000 000 W
1 atm = 14.7 psi = 101 300 Pa
= 76 cm Hg
= 760 torr
= 760 mmHg
Discover:
*Conversion Factors:
Energy
1 J = 107 ergs = 6.24 x 1018 eV
1 cal = 4.186 J
1 eV = 1.60 x 10-19 J
1 kWh = 3.6 x 106 J
Discover:
*Conversion Factors:
Angle
1 rad = 57.3o
1 rev = 360o = 2Πrad
Discover:
*Let’s Try This:
Example 1. What is the
equivalent of 80 m in cm?
Example 2. If you are running
at about 3 km/h, what is this
in m/s?
Discover:
*It’s Your Turn:
Example 3. How many seconds
are there in 2 days?
Example 4. You have a lot area
equivalent to 1000 m2. What is
its equivalent in cm2?
A QUICK WAY TO WRITE
REALLY, REALLY BIG OR
REALLY, REALLY SMALL NUMBERS.
SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
Mathematicians are Lazy!!!
They decided that by using
powers of 10, they can
create short versions of
long numbers.
Scientific Notation
- is a way of writing very big or
very small numbers in a quick and
easy way. Working with scientific
notation allows us to work more
efficiently while avoiding
thoughtless decimal errors. To
avoid making too many
mistakes, physics requires the use of
scientific notation.
Scientific Notation
*A number is said to be in scientific notation, if it
is written as a product of a number equal or
greater than one but less than 10, and a power
of 10. A number in scientific notation has three
parts: the coefficient, the base, and the
exponent.
M x 10n
where:
M is the coefficient, must be equal or greater than 1 and less
than 10
10 is the base
n is the exponent; it tells how many times the decimal point is
move to the left or to the right
Rules for Scientific Notation
To be in proper scientific notation
the number must be written with
* a number between 1 and 9.99
* and multiplied by a power of
ten
23 X 105 is not in proper
scientific notation. Why?
Mass of the Sun:
is approximately
1 980 000 000 000 000 000 000
000 000 000 kg
Mass of an electron:
is approximately 0.000 000 000 000
000 000 000 000 000 000 91 kg
Decimal form to Scientific Notation
To convert a decimal number to scientific
notation, shift the understood
decimal point until the left side of the decimal
point has only one non-zero digit.
The exponent is positive if the understood
decimal point is moved to the left,
while it is negative if the decimal point is
moved to the right.
Decimal Form to Scientific Notation
Scientific Notation to Decimal Form
4.5 x 103
The number 4,500 is written in scientific notation as _____________.
The coefficient is _________.
4.5
The coefficient must be a number greater than or
equal to 1 and smaller than 10.
3
The power of 10 or exponent in this example is ______.
The exponent indicates how many times the coefficient must
be multiplied by 10 to equal the original number of 4,500.
If a number is greater than
10, the exponent will be
positive
_____________ and is equal
to the number of places the
decimal must be moved to
the ________
left to write the
number in scientific notation.
If a number is less than 10,
the exponent will be
negative
_____________ and is equal
to the number of places the
decimal must be moved to
the ________
right to write the
number in scientific notation.
To write a number in scientific notation:
1. Move the decimal to the right of the
first non-zero number.
2. Count how many places the decimal
had to be moved.
3. If the decimal had to be moved to the right,
the exponent is negative.
4. If the decimal had to be moved to the left,
the exponent is positive.
Soooo
137,000,000 km can be
rewritten as
1.37 X 10 km
8
Now You Try
Using scientific notation,
rewrite the following numbers.
347,000 Mg
3.47 X 105 Mg
902,000,000 nm
9.02 X 108 nm
61,400 mL
6.14 X 104 mL
Convert these:
1.23 X 105 kg.m/s
123,000 kg.m/s
6.806 X 106 fm
6,806,000 fm
Try These
4,000 L
4 X 103 L
2.48 X 103 hg
2,480 hg
6.123 X 106 nm
6,123,000 nm
306,000,000 pg
3.06 X 108 pg
Try Me!
• La Union has a total land
area of 149, 309 hectares.
Express this value in
scientific notation.
Answer: 1.49309 X 105 ha
worldmap
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1EzQp-
wDsCR_Wp3eeYMjcSc0bPjUR1Ztq/view
Why does a Negative Exponent
give us a small number?
10000 = 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 =
104
1000 = 10 x 10 x 10 = 103
100 = 10 x 10 = 102
10 = 101
1 = 100
Do you see a pattern?
Sooooo
1
= 10-1
10
1 1
= = 10-2
100 10 2
1 = 1 = 10-3
3
1000 10
1 1
10000
= 10 4 = 10-4
Using Scientific Scientists must be able
Notation in to use very large and
Multiplication, very small numbers in
Division, Addition mathematical
and Subtraction calculations. As a
student in this class,
you will have to be
able to multiply, divide,
add and subtract
numbers that are
written in scientific
notation. Here are the
rules.
Multiplication
When multiplying numbers written in scientific
notation…..multiply the first factors and add the
exponents.
Sample Problem: Multiply (3.2 x 10-3) (2.1 x 105)
Solution: Multiply 3.2 x 2.1. Add the exponents -3
+ 5
Answer: 6.7 x 102
Division
Divide the numerator by the denominator. Subtract
the exponent in the denominator from the exponent
in the numerator.
Sample Problem: Divide (6.4 x 106) by (1.7 x 102)
Solution: Divide 6.4 by 1.7. Subtract the exponents 6
- 2
Answer: 3.8 x 104
Addition and Subtraction
To add or subtract numbers written in scientific
notation, you must….express them with the same
power of ten.
Sample Problem: Add (5.8 x 103) and (2.16 x
104)
Solution: Since the two numbers are not expressed as
the same power of ten, one of the numbers will have to
be rewritten in the same power of ten as the other.
5.8 x 103 = .58 x 104 so .58 x 104 + 2.16 x 104 =?
Answer: 2.74 x 104
Remember:
Explore (Try Me!)
The nucleus of a human cell is about
7 X 10-6 meters in diameter.
What is the length in standard
notation?
• Answer: 0.000007 m
Explore (Try Me!)
A ribosome, another part of a cell,
is about 0.000000003 of a meter in
diameter. Write the length in
scientific notation.
Answer: 3 X 10-9 m
Gauge: (It’s Quiz Time)
I. Express the following
measurements in scientific
notation. (5 points)
1.) 0.0004 m
2.) 1.248 X 10-6 N
3.) 6.123 X 10-5 Mg
4.) 0.00000306 Ym
5.) 0.000892 L
Gauge: (It’s Quiz Time)
II. Convert the given
measurement below. (10 points)
1.) 10 days = ___ minutes
2.) 240 km/h = ___ m/s
Gauge: (It’s Quiz Time)
I. Express the following
measurements in scientific notation.
(5 points)
1) 0.0004 m
Ans: 4 X 10-4 m
2) 1.248 X 10-6 N
Ans: 0.000001248 N
3) 6.123 X 10-5 Mg
Ans: 0.00006123 Mg
4) 0.00000306 Ym
Ans: 3.06 X 10-6 Ym
5) 0.000892 L
Ans: 8.92 X 10-4 L
Gauge: (It’s Quiz Time)
II. Convert the given
measurement below. (10 points)
1.) 10 days = ___ minutes
2.) 240 km/h = ___ m/s
