NAME :– DEEP MUKHOPADHYAY
SEMESTER :- 7TH
UNIVERCITY ROLL NO – 12501323006
SUBJECT :- CYBER LAW AND ETHICS
SUBJECT CODE :- CE (OE) 701C
BRANCH :- CIVIL ENGINEERING
YEAR :- 2025
EMAIL ID :- [email protected]
REPORT ON :- VARIOUS VIRUS ON LAPTOP
SUBMITTED BY
Deep Mukhopadhyay
TABLE OF CONTENT:
SL TOPIC
NO
1 ACKNOWLEGMENT
2 ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
3
4 METHODOLOGY
5 DISCUSSION
6 APPLICATION
CONCLUSION
7
8
BIBILOGRAPHY
ACKNOWLEGMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to
our principal Dr. P.K. PRASAD for his administration
towards our academic growth.
We express sincere gratitude to HOD-CE MISS. PROBALI
DATTA for her leadership and constant motivation
provided in successful completing our academic semester.
We record it as my privilege to deeply thank for providing
us the efficient faculty and facilities to make our ideas into
reality.
We express my sincere thanks to our project
supervisor MISS BIDISHA ROY for his novel
association of ideas, encouragement, appreciation and
intellectual zeal which motivated us to venture this
project successfully.
We express our deep gratitude and affection to our
parents who stood behind us in all our endeavors.
Finally, it is pleased to acknowledgment the indebtedness
to all those who devoted themselves directly or indirectly
to make this project to make this project report success.
ABSTRACT
Various viruses affect laptops, including File Infectors that attach to
programs, Boot Sector Viruses that infect the startup process,
Macro Viruses hidden in documents, Resident Viruses that stay in
memory, Multipartite Viruses that infect multiple areas, and
Polymorphic Viruses that constantly change their code to avoid
detection. Other threats like Browser Hijackers, Spyware, and
Trojans are also types of malware that can damage a laptop by
stealing information, altering settings, or disrupting its functions.
INTRODUCTION
A computer virus is a kind of malicious computer program, which
when executed, replicates itself and inserts its own code. When the
replication is done, this code infects the other files and program
present on your system.
These computer viruses are present in various types and each of
them can infect a device in a different manner.
In this article, we shall discuss in detail what is a computer virus
and what are its different types. Also, we will read on to know what
is an Anti-virus and how it can nullify a virus in our computer
devices, along with some sample questions from the competitive
exam point of view.
METHODOLOGY
A computer virus is a program which can harm our device and files
and infect them for no further use. When a virus program is
executed, it replicates itself by modifying other computer programs
and instead enters its own coding. This code infects a file or
program and if it spreads massively, it may ultimately result in
crashing of the device.
Across the world, Computer viruses are a great issue of concern as
they can cause billions of dollars’ worth harm to the economy each
year.
Since the computer virus only hits the programming of the device, it
is not visible. But there are certain indications which can help you
analyse that a device is virus-hit. Given below are such signs which
may help you identify computer viruses:
Speed of the System – In case a virus is completely executed
into your device, the time taken to open applications may
become longer and the entire system processing may start
working slowly
Pop-up Windows – One may start getting too many pop up
windows on their screen which may be virus affected and harm
the device even more
Self Execution of Programs – Files or applications may start
opening in the background of the system by themselves and
you may not even know about them
Log out from Accounts – In case of a virus attack, the
probability of accounts getting hacked increase and password
protected sites may also get hacked and you might get logged
out from all of them
Crashing of the Device – In most cases, if the virus spreads
in maximum files and programs, there are chances that the
entire device may crash and stop working
Overwrite Virus – One of the most harmful viruses, the
overwrite virus can completely remove the existing program
and replace it with the malicious code by overwriting it.
Gradually it can completely replace the host’s programming
code with the harmful code.
Polymorphic Virus – Spread through spam and infected
websites, the polymorphic virus are file infectors which are
complex and are tough to detect. They create a modified or
morphed version of the existing program and infect the system
and retain the original code.
File Infector Virus – As the name suggests, it first infects a
single file and then later spreads itself to other executable files
and programs. The main source of this virus are games and
word processors.
Spacefiller Virus – It is a rare type of virus which fills in the
empty spaces of a file with viruses. It is known as cavity virus.
It will neither affect the size of the file nor can be detected
easily.
Macro Virus – A virus written in the same macro language as
used in the software program and infects the computer if a
word processor file is opened. Mainly the source of such
viruses is via emails.
DISCUSSION
Types of Computer Virus
Discussed below are the different types of computer viruses:
Boot Sector Virus – It is a type of virus that infects the boot
sector of floppy disks or the Master Boot Record (MBR) of hard
disks. The Boot sector comprises all the files which are
required to start the Operating system of the computer. The
virus either overwrites the existing program or copies itself to
another part of the disk.
Direct Action Virus – When a virus attaches itself directly to a
.exe or .com file and enters the device while its execution is
called a Direct Action Virus. If it gets installed in the memory, it
keeps itself hidden. It is also known as Non-Resident Virus.
Resident Virus – A virus which saves itself in the memory of
the computer and then infects other files and programs when
its originating program is no longer working. This virus can
easily infect other files because it is hidden in the memory and
is hard to be removed from the system.
Multipartite Virus – A virus which can attack both, the boot
sector and the executable files of an already infected computer
is called a multipartite virus. If a multipartite virus attacks your
system, you are at risk of cyber threat.
Overwrite Virus – One of the most harmful viruses, the
overwrite virus can completely remove the existing program
and replace it with the malicious code by overwriting it.
Gradually it can completely replace the host’s programming
code with the harmful code.
Polymorphic Virus – Spread through spam and infected
websites, the polymorphic virus are file infectors which are
complex and are tough to detect. They create a modified or
morphed version of the existing program and infect the system
and retain the original code.
File Infector Virus – As the name suggests, it first infects a
single file and then later spreads itself to other executable files
and programs. The main source of this virus are games and
word processors.
Spacefiller Virus – It is a rare type of virus which fills in the
empty spaces of a file with viruses. It is known as cavity virus.
It will neither affect the size of the file nor can be detected
easily.
Macro Virus – A virus written in the same macro language as
used in the software program and infects the computer if a
word processor file is opened. Mainly the source of such
viruses is via emails.
APPLICATION
How To Protect Your Computer from Virus?
The most suitable way of making your computer virus-free is by
installing an Anti-virus software. Such software help in removing the
viruses from the device and can be installed in a computer via two
means:
Online download
Buying an Anti-virus software and installing it
Further below, we bring to you details as to what anti-virus is and
what are its different types along with a few examples.
Moving further, candidates can also refer to the following links to
learn more about Computer Knowledge and prepare themselves
accordingly:
What is an Anti-Virus?
An anti-virus is a software which comprises programs or set of
programs which can detect and remove all the harmful and
malicious software from your device. This anti-virus software is
designed in a manner that they can search through the files in a
computer and determine the files which are heavy or mildly infected
by a virus.
Given below is a list of few of the major antivirus software which is
most commonly used:
Norton Antivirus
F-Secure Antivirus
Kaspersky Antivirus
AVAST Antivirus
Comodo Antivirus
McAfee Antivirus
CONCLUSION
A virus is a small piece of code hidden inside a normal program. It
can make copies of itself and infect other programs. Viruses can
damage the system by changing or deleting files, which may cause
the computer to crash or not work properly. A virus dropper,
usually a trojan horse, helps put the virus into the computer.
A computer virus is a malicious program designed to replicate
itself and spread by inserting its code into other programs or files
on your computer. Different types of viruses can impact your
device in various ways. In essence, a computer virus alters how
your system functions and tries to infect other computers by
attaching itself to legitimate software or documents that support
executable code, such as macros.
BIBILOGRAPHY
For successfully completing my report writing file, I
have taken help from the following website links:
• www.byjus.com
• www.topper.com
• www.chatgpt.com
• www.google.com
