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Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay February/March 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 8 4 1 0 1 6 2 9 9 4 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (RW) 204758
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2

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

You are advised to spend no more than 35 minutes on Section A.

1 (a) Define the term ‘opportunity cost’. [2]

(b) Explain two qualities an entrepreneur is likely to need for success. [3]

2 (a) Define the term ‘demand’. [2]

(b) Explain two factors which might influence supply of a product. [3]

3 Explain the effects on a business of having a high level of working capital. [5]

4 (a) Define the term ‘transformation process’. [2]

(b) Explain two ways in which a business could improve its intellectual capital. [3]

Section B (Essay)

Answer one question only.

5 (a) Analyse the benefits to a business of recruiting employees from outside the business. [8]

(b) Discuss whether the use of Herzberg’s two factor theory could improve employee motivation
in a school. [12]

6 A furniture manufacturer is planning to introduce CAD and CAM into the production process.

Discuss the extent to which this could make the business more competitive. [20]

7 (a) Analyse why a business might invest in market research. [8]

(b) Discuss whether an airline business might increase its profits by more effective market
segmentation. [12]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 9609/12/F/M/21

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay February/March 2022

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 3 2 8 6 2 1 1 1 1 8 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (NF) 304429/1
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2

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term ‘marginal cost’. [2]

(b) Explain two uses of break-even analysis. [3]

2 (a) Define the term ‘commission’. [2]

(b) Explain two disadvantages to a business of using empowerment to motivate its employees.
[3]

3 Explain the problems a sole trader might have if they change the legal structure to a partnership.
[5]

4 (a) Define the term ‘customer (market) orientation’. [2]

(b) Explain two limitations to a business of using market segmentation. [3]

Section B (Essay)

Answer one question only.

5 (a) Analyse the benefits of using internal sources of finance for business growth. [8]

(b) Discuss whether the published accounts of a luxury hotel provide a good measure of the
performance of the business. [12]

6 ‘The most effective way for a loss-making retail clothing business to survive is to change the price
element of its marketing mix.’

Discuss whether you agree with this statement. [20]

7 (a) Analyse factors that might determine the relocation of a business. [8]

(b) Discuss whether flexibility of operations might improve the sales of a toy manufacturing
business. [12]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2022 9609/12/F/M/22

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 February/March 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 2 3 8 6 9 4 8 0 4 3 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CE) 315426/1
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Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term opportunity cost. [2]

(b) Explain one quality an entrepreneur needs for business success. [3]

2 (a) Define the term product life cycle. [2]

(b) Explain one way a business could extend the life of a product. [3]

3 (a) Define the term induction training. [2]

(b) Explain one benefit to a business of training its employees. [3]

4 Analyse one way a business might raise productivity levels. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two ways in which accurate cost information can be used to improve business
performance. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether cash flow forecasting is the most important activity for a new restaurant to
succeed. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two reasons why changing a business’ objectives might affect its shareholders. [8]

(b) ‘The main reason why many niche cake manufacturing businesses fail is that they grow too
quickly.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 9609/12/F/M/23

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 February/March 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 3 2 6 9 2 1 6 0 7 1 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (SL) 332138/2
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term quaternary sector. [2]

(b) Explain one factor of production needed for business activity. [3]

2 (a) Define the term dismissal. [2]

(b) Explain one impact on employees of being trade union members. [3]

3 (a) Define the term trade receivables. [2]

(b) Explain one reason why a business may need finance. [3]

4 Analyse one possible impact on a business of operating at below maximum capacity. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two limitations of sampling for a business. [8]

(b) ‘Promotion is the most important element of the marketing mix for the success of a parcel
delivery business.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two barriers to an entrepreneur when starting up a business. [8]

(b) ‘The most important objective of a public sector energy supplier is the environmental
objective.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 9609/12/F/M/24

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/11
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay May/June 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 2 8 5 1 7 8 9 5 9 9 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (MB) 206360/1
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2

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

You are advised to spend no more than 35 minutes on Section A.

1 (a) Define the term ‘laissez-faire leadership’. [2]

(b) Explain two disadvantages to employees of autocratic leadership. [3]

2 (a) Define the term ‘market segmentation’. [2]

(b) Explain two benefits to a business of market segmentation. [3]

3 Explain the advantages to a manufacturing business of using sale and leaseback of non-current
assets as a source of finance. [5]

4 (a) Define the term ‘inventory reorder level’. [2]

(b) Explain two advantages to a business of holding buffer inventory. [3]

Section B (Essay)

Answer one question only.

5 (a) Analyse the role of small businesses in a country’s economy. [8]

(b) Discuss the importance to an expanding business of effectively communicating its objectives
to its workforce. [12]

6 ‘An accurate cash flow forecast is the most important financial document for a clothing retailer
when planning to enter a new market.’

Discuss the extent to which you agree with this view. [20]

7 (a) Analyse the benefits to a business of focusing on staff morale and welfare. [8]

(b) Discuss whether the ideas of David McClelland could help managers of a hospital to satisfy
the human needs of its employees. [12]

© UCLES 2021 9609/11/M/J/21

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 9609/11/M/J/21

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay May/June 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 5 9 8 9 8 8 3 3 1 7 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (MB) 206361
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2

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

You are advised to spend no more than 35 minutes on Section A.

1 (a) Define the term ‘co-operatives’. [2]

(b) Explain two advantages to a business of being part of a joint venture. [3]

2 (a) Define the term ‘job production’. [2]

(b) Explain two advantages to a business of changing from job production to batch production.
[3]

3 Explain the importance of working capital to a new business. [5]

4 (a) Define the term ‘contract of employment’. [2]

(b) Explain the difference between redundancy and dismissal. [3]

Section B (Essay)

Answer one question only.

5 (a) Analyse how product portfolio analysis can help a business to achieve its marketing
objectives. [8]

(b) Discuss the extent to which a new entrant in the computer manufacturing market will need to
rely on penetration pricing to gain market share. [12]

6 ‘The success of any manufacturing business will depend on the productivity of its workforce.’

Discuss the extent to which you agree with this view. [20]

7 (a) Analyse the benefits to a business of accurate cost information. [8]

(b) Discuss the usefulness of liquidity ratios to potential investors in a business. [12]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 9609/12/M/J/21

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/13
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay May/June 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 0 7 8 1 8 5 7 3 0 1 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (MB) 206362/1
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2

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

You are advised to spend no more than 35 minutes on Section A.

1 (a) Define the term ‘stakeholders’. [2]

(b) Explain two responsibilities of a stakeholder group. [3]

2 (a) Define the term ‘economies of scale’. [2]

(b) Explain two possible causes of diseconomies of scale. [3]

3 Explain why cost-based pricing might be an effective pricing strategy for a small business. [5]

4 (a) Define the term ‘labour turnover’. [2]

(b) Explain two ways in which the recruitment and selection process of a business could help to
improve labour turnover. [3]

Section B (Essay)

Answer one question only.

5 (a) Analyse the possible disadvantages to a business of changing from batch production to flow
production. [8]

(b) Discuss the benefits to a clothing business of holding buffer inventory rather than using a Just
in Time (JIT) inventory system. [12]

6 Discuss the view that product differentiation is the only way for a business to ensure success in a
highly competitive technology industry. [20]

7 (a) Analyse the benefits to an entrepreneur of using micro-finance as a source of start-up capital.
[8]

(b) Discuss the usefulness of accounting ratios to a business considering entry into new markets.
[12]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 9609/13/M/J/21

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/11
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay May/June 2022

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 2 4 7 7 1 1 8 5 4 4 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (RW) 218221
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2

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

You are advised to spend no more than 35 minutes on Section A.

1 (a) Define the term ‘social enterprise’. [2]

(b) Explain two advantages to a business of being a social enterprise. [3]

2 (a) Define the term ‘emotional intelligence’. [2]

(b) Explain two benefits to a business of autocratic leadership. [3]

3 Explain how price elasticity of demand influences the pricing decisions of a business. [5]

4 (a) Define the term ‘Computer Aided Manufacture’ (CAM). [2]

(b) Explain two disadvantages to a business of introducing CAM. [3]

Section B (Essay)

Answer one question only.

5 (a) Analyse the benefits to a business of focusing on the 4Cs when planning to increase its
market share. [8]

(b) Discuss the usefulness of secondary market research to a business planning to launch a new
luxury perfume. [12]

6 ‘Non-financial motivators are the most effective way of improving employee motivation in a house
building business’.

Discuss the extent to which you agree with this view. [20]

7 (a) Analyse the benefits to a business of using break-even analysis. [8]

(b) Discuss the most appropriate source of finance for a private limited company to purchase an
additional factory. [12]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2022 9609/11/M/J/22

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/11
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 May/June 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 1 8 1 5 7 1 8 6 7 1 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CJ) 316202
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term fixed cost. [2]

(b) Explain one way that a business may reduce its variable costs. [3]

2 (a) Define the term product differentiation. [2]

(b) Explain one reason why product development may be important to a business. [3]

3 (a) Define the term commission. [2]

(b) Explain one type of training that a business may use. [3]

4 Analyse one responsibility to a business of an employee as a stakeholder. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two benefits to a business of holding high levels of inventory. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether supply chain management is the most important operational activity to the
success of a manufacturer of electric cars. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two reasons why a business should set SMART objectives. [8]

(b) ‘Ethics should always influence the human resource management (HRM) activities of a
mining business.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

© UCLES 2023 9609/11/M/J/23

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 9609/11/M/J/23

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 May/June 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 0 6 2 0 4 9 6 3 1 5 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CJ) 316204/1
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term demand. [2]

(b) Explain one factor that influences the supply of a product. [3]

2 (a) Define the term factors of production. [2]

(b) Explain one stage of the transformational process. [3]

3 (a) Define the term equality. [2]

(b) Explain one benefit to a business of employing a diverse workforce. [3]

4 Analyse one way in which conflict between stakeholders may affect a business. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two benefits to a business of government grants as a source of finance. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether the most likely reason for the failure of a small retailer is poor management
of its working capital. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two benefits to a business of having a product with a unique selling point (USP). [8]

(b) ‘Marketing is the most important factor that will affect the success of a new coffee shop.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

© UCLES 2023 9609/12/M/J/23

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4

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 9609/12/M/J/23

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/13
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 May/June 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 3 4 9 3 5 6 5 0 6 9 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CJ) 316205
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term social enterprise. [2]

(b) Explain one weakness of family businesses. [3]

2 (a) Define the term dismissal. [2]

(b) Explain how one human need may be satisfied at work. [3]

3 (a) Define the term mass marketing. [2]

(b) Explain one advantage to a business of segmenting its market. [3]

4 Analyse one reason why labour productivity is important to a business. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two purposes of a cash flow forecast for a business. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether break-even analysis is the most important finance activity for a new
manufacturer of bicycles. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two benefits to a business of using external recruitment to employ a manager. [8]

(b) ‘A motivated workforce is the most important factor for the success of a low-price airline.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 9609/13/M/J/23

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/13
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 May/June 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 3 4 9 3 5 6 5 0 6 9 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CJ) 316205
© UCLES 2023 [Turn over
 www.dynamicpapers.com
2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term social enterprise. [2]

(b) Explain one weakness of family businesses. [3]

2 (a) Define the term dismissal. [2]

(b) Explain how one human need may be satisfied at work. [3]

3 (a) Define the term mass marketing. [2]

(b) Explain one advantage to a business of segmenting its market. [3]

4 Analyse one reason why labour productivity is important to a business. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two purposes of a cash flow forecast for a business. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether break-even analysis is the most important finance activity for a new
manufacturer of bicycles. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two benefits to a business of using external recruitment to employ a manager. [8]

(b) ‘A motivated workforce is the most important factor for the success of a low-price airline.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

© UCLES 2023 9609/13/M/J/23

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3

BLANK PAGE

© UCLES 2023 9609/13/M/J/23

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4

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 9609/13/M/J/23

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/11
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 May/June 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 1 0 9 3 6 3 2 9 3 6 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (SL) 344505/3
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term outsourcing. [2]

(b) Explain one purpose of JIC (Just in Case) inventory management. [3]

2 (a) Define the term salary. [2]

(b) Explain one impact on a business of training its employees. [3]

3 (a) Define the term industrial marketing. [2]

(b) Explain one implication to a business of market growth. [3]

4 Analyse one impact on the workforce of effective communication of business objectives. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two limitations of using the number of employees to measure the size of a business.
[8]

(b) Evaluate whether small retail businesses have an important role in the economy. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two factors which may influence a business’s choice of sources of finance. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether setting budgets is important to the success of a farming business. [12]

© UCLES 2024 9609/11/M/J/24

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 9609/11/M/J/24

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 May/June 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 6 9 1 8 1 3 1 8 2 6 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (SL) 333927
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term takeover. [2]

(b) Explain one disadvantage to a business of external growth. [3]

2 (a) Define the term job description. [2]

(b) Explain one benefit to a business of internal recruitment. [3]

3 (a) Define the term job production. [2]

(b) Explain one benefit to a business of capital intensive operations. [3]

4 Analyse one reason why product differentiation may be important to a business. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two limitations to a business of using contribution costing. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether working capital is the most important source of finance for a start-up
furniture manufacturer. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two benefits to a business of low labour turnover. [8]

(b) ‘Work-life balance is the most important human resource management (HRM) factor for
employee welfare in a local bus service.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

© UCLES 2024 9609/12/M/J/24

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4

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 9609/12/M/J/24

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/13
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 May/June 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 1 1 2 5 9 2 6 3 9 1 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (SL) 332166/2
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term direct cost. [2]

(b) Explain one method of improving cash flow for a business. [3]

2 (a) Define the term added value. [2]

(b) Explain one quality an entrepreneur needs for success. [3]

3 (a) Define the term primary research. [2]

(b) Explain one limitation to a business of using sampling. [3]

4 Analyse one possible impact on a business of operating over maximum capacity. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two benefits to the workforce of McGregor’s Theory X management. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether cooperation between management and the workforce is the most important
factor in the success of a car manufacturer. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two benefits to a business of improving the sustainability of its operations. [8]

(b) ‘Supply Chain Management is the most important operations factor for the success of a large
internet retailer.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

© UCLES 2024 9609/13/M/J/24

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4

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 9609/13/M/J/24

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/11
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay October/November 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 6 1 0 1 7 2 5 9 1 9 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (MB) 208463/2
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Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions

1 (a) Define the term ‘partnership’. [2]

(b) Explain two limitations of partnership as a business structure. [3]

2 (a) Define the term ‘performance-related pay’. [2]

(b) Explain two advantages to employees of performance-related pay. [3]

3 Explain the link between corporate objectives and marketing objectives of a business. [5]

4 (a) Define the term ‘capital-intensive production’. [2]

(b) Explain two possible disadvantages for a business of labour-intensive production. [3]

Section B (Essay)

Answer one question only

5 (a) Analyse the benefits for a business of an overdraft as a source of finance. [8]

(b) Discuss the view that using only financial accounts to measure the performance of a social
enterprise may have important limitations. [12]

6 ‘The business leaders and managers of a school must have a high level of emotional intelligence
if they are to be successful.’

Discuss the extent to which you agree with this view. [20]

7 (a) Analyse how a business might use the internet in two elements of the marketing mix. [8]

(b) Discuss the view that traditional retail stores will not survive unless they change their activities
to compete with online retailers. [12]

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4

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 9609/11/O/N/21

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay October/November 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 2 5 7 3 9 3 8 6 5 4 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (MB) 208464/2
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2

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions

1 (a) Define the term ‘entrepreneur’. [2]

(b) Explain two qualities of a successful entrepreneur. [3]

2 (a) Define the term ‘overdraft’. [2]

(b) Explain two reasons why a business might use an overdraft. [3]

3 Explain why businesses invest in the training and development of employees. [5]

4 (a) Define the term ‘scale of operation’. [2]

(b) Explain two factors that could influence the scale of operation of a business. [3]

Section B (Essay)

Answer one question only.

5 (a) Analyse how marketing could be used to add value to a product. [8]

(b) Discuss the view that the setting of effective marketing objectives is the most important factor
for the successful launch of a new women’s football (soccer) team. [12]

6 ‘In a hospital, managers using a democratic style are more likely to be successful than managers
using an autocratic style.’

Discuss the extent to which you agree with this view. [20]

7 (a) Analyse the advantages for a business of debt factoring. [8]

(b) Discuss the most important factors for a venture capitalist to consider when deciding whether
to provide growth capital for a computer games retailer. [12]

© UCLES 2021 9609/12/O/N/21

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4

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 9609/12/O/N/21

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/13
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay October/November 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 4 7 4 1 4 9 3 3 7 7 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (MB) 208465/1
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2

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term ‘marketing mix’. [2]

(b) Explain two ways that a business can use the place element of the marketing mix. [3]

2 (a) Define the term ‘business stakeholders’. [2]

(b) Explain two reasons why conflict might arise between different stakeholders. [3]

3 Explain why it is important for a business to have effective human resource management (HRM).
[5]

4 (a) Define the term ‘published accounts’. [2]

(b) Explain two limitations of published accounts. [3]

Section B (Essay)

Answer one question only

5 (a) Analyse the advantages for a business of a Just in Time (JIT) system of inventory
management. [8]

(b) Discuss the importance of operational flexibility and innovation to a multinational car
manufacturer. [12]

6 ‘The economic man theory used by Taylor is the best way to motivate the employees of a customer
service call centre business.’

Discuss the extent to which you agree with this view. [20]

7 (a) Analyse how break-even analysis might help an entrepreneur to make decisions about
starting a new business. [8]

(b) Discuss the possible challenges for an entrepreneur in starting a new business selling only
vegetarian food products. [12]

© UCLES 2021 9609/13/O/N/21

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4

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of
Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2021 9609/13/O/N/21

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/13
Paper 1 Short Answer and Essay October/November 2022

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 5 1 9 0 3 4 8 7 2 2 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Section A: answer all questions.
● Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (NF) 219036
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over
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2

Section A (Short Answer)

Answer all questions

1 (a) Define the term ‘person specification’. [2]

(b) Explain two purposes of a job description. [3]

2 (a) Define the term ‘public sector’. [2]

(b) Explain two reasons why some organisations operate in the public sector. [3]

3 Explain how a business might improve its cash flow. [5]

4 (a) Define the term ‘transformation process’. [2]

(b) Explain two ways process innovation could improve the efficiency of business operations. [3]

Section B (Essay)

Answer one question only

5 (a) Analyse the benefits to a business of product portfolio analysis. [8]

(b) Discuss the importance of branding when promoting a soft drink. [12]

6 ‘Human resource management (HRM) is the most important business function in a hospital’.

Discuss the extent to which you agree with this view. [20]

7 (a) Analyse the advantages of a public limited company (plc) as a legal structure for a business.
[8]

(b) Discuss the view that the activities of banks should be significantly influenced by ethics. [12]

© UCLES 2022 9609/13/O/N/22

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2022 9609/13/O/N/22

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/11
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 October/November 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 7 0 6 3 1 1 4 6 6 7 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (LK) 316875/1
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term labour turnover. [2]

(b) Explain one role of a workforce plan. [3]

2 (a) Define the term capital intensive. [2]

(b) Explain one benefit to a business of labour intensive operations. [3]

3 (a) Define the term margin of safety. [2]

(b) Explain one way a business can decrease its break-even level of output. [3]

4 Analyse one way that a business may be affected by a dynamic business environment. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two advantages to a business of mass marketing. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether primary sector businesses should use product differentiation to increase
sales. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two ways a business could use employee participation in the management of
business activity. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether McClelland’s three needs theory is the best way to meet employee needs
in a software business. [12]

© UCLES 2023 9609/11/O/N/23

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4

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 9609/11/O/N/23

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 October/November 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 7 1 1 6 4 7 5 6 9 2 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CE) 316876/1
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term job description. [2]

(b) Explain one advantage to an employer of using a person specification. [3]

2 (a) Define the term business enterprise. [2]

(b) Explain one reason why a business might fail. [3]

3 (a) Define the term bankruptcy. [2]

(b) Explain one advantage of using retained earnings as a source of finance. [3]

4 Analyse one way a business might improve the efficiency of its operations. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two methods that a business could use to help employees satisfy their self-
actualisation needs, as defined by Maslow. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether an ability to motivate others is the most important role of a hotel manager.
[12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two reasons why there should be a close link between the marketing objectives of a
business and its corporate objectives. [8]

(b) ‘This new airline will only succeed if it offers the lowest prices in the market’.

Evaluate this view. [12]

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4

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 9609/12/O/N/23

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Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/13
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 October/November 2023

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 2 6 6 4 8 9 6 2 8 0 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (CE) 316878/2
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term organic growth. [2]

(b) Explain one reason a business may choose to remain small. [3]

2 (a) Define the term curriculum vitae. [2]

(b) Explain one benefit to an employee of having an employment contract. [3]

3 (a) Define the term venture capital. [2]

(b) Explain one disadvantage of using trade credit as a source of finance. [3]

4 Analyse one impact on a business’s marketing decisions of using product portfolio analysis. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two qualities an intrapreneur should possess to be successful. [8]

(b) ‘Ethics should significantly influence the marketing activities of all retail clothing businesses.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two ways in which operations contributes to added value in a business. [8]

(b) ‘Supply chain management has the most significant impact on the effectiveness of a hospital.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

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4

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2023 9609/13/O/N/23

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/11
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 October/November 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 1 2 0 9 2 2 8 3 6 5 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (SL) 337463/1
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term zero budgeting. [2]

(b) Explain one cause of a favourable variance. [3]

2 (a) Define the term sampling. [2]

(b) Explain one method of interpreting quantitative market research data. [3]

3 (a) Define the term résumé. [2]

(b) Explain one reason why a business may produce a workforce plan. [3]

4 Analyse one benefit to a business of improving capacity utilisation. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two limitations to a business of using a business plan. [8]

(b) ‘A chocolate manufacturer should use external methods of growth to successfully achieve its
objectives.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two reasons why an employee’s human needs may not be satisfied at work. [8]

(b) ‘Non‑financial motivators are the most effective methods of motivating a hotel’s employees.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

© UCLES 2024 9609/11/O/N/24

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4

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third‑party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer‑related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 9609/11/O/N/24

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/12
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 October/November 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 0 5 6 2 7 2 4 5 1 1 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (WW) 337469/3
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
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2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term external stakeholders. [2]

(b) Explain one way the aims of employees may impact on the decisions of a business. [3]

2 (a) Define the term full costing. [2]

(b) Explain one limitation of contribution costing. [3]

3 (a) Define the term dynamic pricing. [2]

(b) Explain one reason why a business might use price discrimination. [3]

4 Analyse one way employee development could be used by a business to encourage

intrapreneurship. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two reasons why a business should measure labour productivity. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether the sustainability of operations is the most important operational factor in a
large retail distribution business. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two benefits to a business of customer relationship marketing. [8]

(b) ‘Market research is essential for effective product development in a hotel.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

© UCLES 2024 9609/12/O/N/24

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© UCLES 2024 9609/12/O/N/24

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4

BLANK PAGE

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 9609/12/O/N/24

 www.dynamicpapers.com

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BUSINESS 9609/13
Paper 1 Business Concepts 1 October/November 2024

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the enclosed answer booklet.

* 8 0 2 7 3 4 7 7 1 1 *

You will need: Answer booklet (enclosed)

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer five questions in total:
Section A: answer all questions.
Section B: answer one question.
● Follow the instructions on the front cover of the answer booklet. If you need additional answer paper,
ask the invigilator for a continuation booklet.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 40.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].

This document has 4 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

DC (SL) 337467/3
© UCLES 2024 [Turn over
 www.dynamicpapers.com
2

Section A

Answer all questions.

1 (a) Define the term labour turnover. [2]

(b) Explain one implication for a business of having a low rate of labour turnover. [3]

2 (a) Define the term product differentiation. [2]

(b) Explain one reason why product development might be important for a business. [3]

3 (a) Define the term government grant. [2]

(b) Explain one advantage of using retained earnings as a source of business finance. [3]

4 Analyse one likely impact on a business of outsourcing its production process. [5]

Section B

Answer one question only.

EITHER

5 (a) Analyse two reasons why a business might decide to grow internally (organically). [8]

(b) ‘Even a friendly merger between two social media companies may not be successful.’

Evaluate this view. [12]

OR

6 (a) Analyse two reasons why a business might use external recruitment. [8]

(b) Evaluate whether the contribution of the managers in a new hospital will have the most
influence on its performance. [12]

© UCLES 2024 9609/13/O/N/24

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3

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© UCLES 2024 9609/13/O/N/24

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4

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2024 9609/13/O/N/24