Pc-Ee 503
Uploaded by
subrata baruiPc-Ee 503
Uploaded by
subrata baruiCAMELLIA INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
NAME:- SOUVIK BANERJEE
ROLL NO -27101622025
BRANCH:- ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SEM:- 5Th YEAR:- 3RD Ca-1
SUBJECT:- open loop & closed loop control system
with examples
What is a Control System?
A control system is defined as a system of devices that manages, commands,
directs, or regulates the behavior of other devices or systems to achieve a
desired result. A control system achieves this through control loops, which are
a process designed to maintain a process variable at a desired set point.
Types of Control Systems
there are two main types of control systems. They are as follow
1.Open-loop control systems
2.Closed-loop control systems
Open Loop Control System
A control system in which the control action is totally independent of
the output of the system then it is called an open-loop control
system. A manual control system is also an open-loop control system.
The figure below shows a control system block diagram of an open-loop
control system in which process output is totally independent of the
controller action.
Advantages of Open Loop Control Systems
1.Simple in construction and design.
2.Economical.
3. Easy to maintain.
4. Generally stable.
5. Convenient to use as output is difficult to measure.
Disadvantages of Open Loop Control System
1. They are inaccurate.
2. They are unreliable.
3. Any change in output cannot be corrected automatically.
Practical Examples of Open Loop Control Systems
1.Electric Hand Drier – Hot air (output) comes out as long as you keep your hand under the
machine, irrespective of how much your hand is dried.
2. Automatic Washing Machine – This machine runs according to the pre-set time
irrespective of washing is completed or not.
3. Bread Toaster – This machine runs as per adjusted time irrespective of toasting is
completed or not.
4. Automatic Tea/Coffee Maker – These machines also function for pre-adjusted time only.
Timer Based Clothes Drier – This machine dries wet clothes for pre-adjusted time, it does
not matter how much the clothes are dried.
Closed Loop Control System
Control systems in which the output has an effect on the input quantity in such a manner
that the input quantity will adjust itself based on the output generated is called a closed-
loop control system.
An open-loop control system can be converted into a closed loop control system by
providing feedback. This feedback automatically makes suitable changes in the output due
to external disturbance.
In this way, a closed loop control system is called an automatic control system. The figure
below shows the block diagram of the closed loop control system in which feedback is taken
from the output and fed into the input.
Advantages of Closed Loop Control System
1. Closed loop control systems are more accurate even in the presence of non-linearity.
2. Highly accurate as any error arising is corrected due to the presence of a feedback signa
3. The bandwidth range is large.
4. Facilitates automation.
Disadvantages of Closed Loop Control System
1. They are costlier.
2. They are complicated to design.
3. Required more maintenance.
4. Feedback leads to an oscillatory response.
5. Overall gain is reduced due to the presence of feedback.
Practical Examples of Closed Loop Control System
1. Automatic Electric Iron – Heating elements are controlled by the output temperature
of the iron.
2. Servo Voltage Stabilizer – Voltage controller operates depending upon the
output voltage of the system.
3. Water Level Controller – Input water is controlled by the water level of the reservoir.
4. Missile Launched and Auto Tracked by Radar – The direction of the missile is
controlled by comparing the target and position of the missile.
5. An Air Conditioner – An air conditioner functions depending upon the temperature
of the room.
6. Cooling System in Car – It operates depending upon the temperature which it
controls.
Open Loop vs Closed Loop Control Systems
