Tab 1

Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

LESSON

COURSE OUTLINE

I.

MAIN TOPIC 1

Notes:
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SUBTOPIC

TITLE

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Unit 1: Called to Salvation in Christ
Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

Unit 1: Called to Salvation in Christ sacrifice. By

acknowledging
Our DIGNITY is revealed in the very mystery of the (claiming) that Christ
person of JESUS CHRIST who is the image of the invisible has saved us, we accept
God, and the Good Teacher. God’s grace and live as
His children.
WEEK 1 - LESSON A: CHRIST AS THE IMAGE OF THE - This means living a life
of faith, repentance,
INVISIBLE GOD
and discipleship in
response to God’s love.
C-heart
What is our core? - “passing through the eye of a
- In Latin, COR means heart. needle.”
- Narrow road → The path
HIERARCHY OF VALUES = self to holiness is difficult,
- Ranks or orders
actualization
requiring discipline,
human needs self-denial, and
according to faithfulness, not simply
importance, following the “easy” or
immediacy, and =
physiological worldly way.
needs

level of difficulty - Eye of a needle → It is

in terms of hard, especially for the
acquisition: at the bottom stands the proud or overly
physiological needs, while perched at the attached to
pinnacle is self- actualization. wealth/power. To reach
God, we must practice
humility, detachment,
WHAT IS THE MEANING AND PURPOSE OF OUR LIFE? and total trust in Him.
- It is natural for human beings to desire to be
happy. Desire to be happy 1. Jesus Christ, the Ultimate Revelation of the
- Human beings embark on a lifelong search for Father
that absolute good, which will lead them to the - It is only through Christ, the only true
happiness that never ends. mediator between God and man, that
human beings can reach God.

Notes:
“No mission is activated and no identity is clarified apart
- Domine, Non Nisi Te.
from Christ.”
- Meaning: Nothing but You, Lord
- PCP II
- We look up to Christ as the ultimate revelation
How do we attain God? of the Father, who calls us to communion, and
- Takeaways: as the good teacher who leads us to the Father
- By claiming that we are redeemed.
- The road that leads to God is described a. God as our Personal Absolute
as: - “Thou hast made us for Thyself, O Lord, and our
- “narrow” hearts are restless until they rest in Thee.”
- We don’t reach God by - St. Augustine and St. Monica
our own effort alone.
- We are redeemed - “God is a personal absolute in whom is found
through Jesus Christ’s the reason for our existence, and therefore, He
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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

is a being who gives absolute meaning to our relationship with Him, and most importantly they feel or
lives.” experience His love everyday of their lives.
- Schillebeeckx, Edward. Christ the
Sacrament of the Encounter with God. - Matthew 14:13–21 (Feeding of the Five
London: Sheed and Ward, 1963. Thousand):
- Jesus shows God’s love by providing for
- “God, infinitely perfect and blessed in Himself, people’s physical needs, reminding us
in a plan of sheer goodness, freely created man that God cares for every aspect of our
to make him share in his own blessed life. For lives.
this reason, at every time and in every place, - Matthew 5:3–12 (The Beatitudes):
God draws close to man. He calls man to seek - Jesus teaches that true happiness
Him, to know Him, to love Him with all his comes from living in God’s love, even in
strength.” Catechism of the Catholic Church poverty, sorrow, or persecution.
- Beloved by God - Mark 2:13–17 (Jesus calls sinners):
- God’s love reaches everyone, even the
- “To be a human being means to come from God outcasts and sinners, showing that His
and to go to God.” mercy is greater than our failures.
- YOUCAT - Luke 18:15–17 (Jesus and the children):
- God’s kingdom is open to the humble
- God, as our personal absolute, gave Himself to and trusting, teaching us that we are
us through the incarnation of Christ, His only His beloved children.
Son our Lord.

Summary:
Summary: - Through the incarnation, God shared His life
- God is the ultimate source and meaning of with humanity in the most perfect way by
human life. As St. Augustine says, our hearts becoming man in Christ. In Him, we are
are restless until they rest in Him. He created invited to be God’s children and heirs of
us out of love, calls us to seek, know, and love eternal life (CCC 13). The incarnation allows
Him, and gives our lives absolute purpose. us to live closely with God, experience His
Through the incarnation of Christ, God love daily, and form a deep relationship with
personally reveals Himself and invites us to Him. Jesus revealed this love by providing for
share in His blessed life. people’s needs (Mt. 14:13–21), teaching true
happiness in the Beatitudes (Mt. 5:3–12),
showing mercy to sinners (Mk. 2:13–17), and
b. Christ is God in a Human Way
welcoming the humble like children (Lk.
- God did more for human beings than for any
18:15–17).
other creature that He has created:
- He shared His life with them, which
happened perfectly through the c. Christ is Human in a Divine Way
incarnation of Christ. - God’s coming down to meet His people also
means raising them up and liberating from their
- “In His Son and through Him, He invites men to sinful condition
become, in Holy Spirit, His adopted children and
heirs of his blessed life” CCC 13 By becoming human...
- Christ became an example for all people to
Through the mystery of Christ’s incarnation people follow because He manifested those
actually live with God, have a special bond or characteristics that make man perfect.

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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

- Jesus Christ, through His life, words, and works,

the better. To be truly human, then, is to
revealed how people should live their lives.
reflect the divine by loving, forgiving, and
- Jesus corrected the false belief that people are
seeing the good in others.
bad or helplessly sinful.
- Jesus revealed what is true and good about
human beings: that they are all invited by God 2. Images of Jesus in the Gospels: The Way, The
to be perfect like Him. Truth, The Life

When asked how many times we should forgive, his Christ is the Way, the Truth, and the Life.
response was: always! (Matthew 18:21). Christ - It is only in the mystery of the incarnation of
demonstrated that goodness is not give and take. Christ that people can understand who they
- Doing good does not expect something in return are and what their purpose in this world is.
but is the habitual response of someone who is
created in the image and likeness of God. Before performing his mission or public ministry, Jesus
was led by the Spirit to the desert where he was
When the woman caught in the act of adultery was tempted by the devil (Mark 1:12,13; Matthew 4:1-11; Luke
brought to Him (John 8:1-11), Jesus did not show 4:1-13).
condemnation but only mercy and compassion. When
He lovingly told the woman to sin no more, Jesus The devil wanted Christ to follow or surrender to His
showed that people, by the grace of God, can change selfish desires. In other words, the temptation was for
for the better. Christ to use His powers for his personal benefit, and
consequently, disobey or contradict the reason why the
In his encounter with Zacchaeus the tax collector (Luke Father sent Him, which is total surrender to the Father’s
19:1-10), he exemplified before the crowd that an act of will.
compassion can move even the most hardened sinner.
When He asked to eat dinner with the tax collector, He The very name of Jesus, which means “the one who is to
demonstrated that we are capable of seeing the good save people from their sins” also means that Jesus is
in others. the greatest sign of God’s love for his people.

To be truly human is to be like God. Our Goal: Sequela Christi

- That man can love, forgive, show compassion, - We rise from the temporary setbacks of our lives
and set aside prejudices toward others, shows and we redirect ourselves back to Christ, “once
that the divine is truly shared with the human. we give up our own wealth and very self.”

Summary: Notes:
- By becoming human, Christ not only freed - Sequela Christi
people from sin but also raised them up, - Meaning: Following Christ or in Christ’s
showing what it means to live in God’s footsteps
image. Through His life, teachings, and
actions, He revealed that people are not
In the responses of the Disciples whom Jesus invited to
hopelessly sinful but are capable of love,
follow Him as fishers of men (Matthew 4:19);
forgiveness, and compassion. His
examples—teaching forgiveness without
Mary Magdalene, from whom Jesus cast out seven
limit (Mt. 18:21), showing mercy to the
demons (Luke 8:2) and who later became the apostle to
adulterous woman (Jn. 8:1–11), and dining
the apostles.
with Zacchaeus the tax collector (Lk.
19:1–10)—prove that humanity can change for
In Saint Paul who became the apostle to the Gentiles.
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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

Jesus as teacher in Scripture:

Following Christ entails radical conversion: forgetting - One of the most striking encounters is with the
oneself and committing everything to Christ. Rich Young Man (Matthew 19:16-21). The young
- Stripping the old self of that sinful life to take on man recognizes something in Jesus—goodness
the new white garment of Christ. and truth—and calls Him “Teacher.”
- It is dying to oneself but rising again as a new - Jesus responds by leading him step by step:
person configured to Christ, no longer living - First, He recalls the Commandments as
one’s life for one’s own but for Christ. the foundation of moral life.
- Being immersed in the waters of baptism all - Then, He challenges the young man to
over again and time and time again go deeper—detachment from material
possessions and wholehearted
I give you a new commandment that you love one discipleship.
another. Just as I have loved you, you also should love
one another. Here, Jesus reveals that teaching is not just about
imparting rules but inviting one into a transformative
journey of love and freedom
Summary:
- Jesus, through His incarnation, reveals who
we are and our purpose in life. By resisting Summary:
temptation in the desert, He showed total - In His encounter with the Rich Young Man (Mt.
obedience to the Father’s will. His very 19:16–21), Jesus shows that true teaching goes
name—“Savior”—is the greatest sign of God’s beyond rules. He first recalls the
love. Commandments as the basis of moral life,
- To follow Christ (Sequela Christi) means then challenges the young man to deeper
radical conversion: leaving behind selfishness discipleship through detachment and love. As
and sin, living a new life in Him, and loving a teacher, Jesus does not simply give
others as He has loved us. instructions but invites people into a
- The lives of the disciples, Mary Magdalene, transformative journey toward freedom and
and St. Paul are examples of this communion with God.
transformation and commitment to Christ.

1. Jesus Opens up the faithful to the Sacred

Scriptures
WEEK 2- LESSON B: JESUS CHRIST AS THE GOOD
TEACHER Jesus draws us back to the foundations of morality in
the Word of God. He confirms the Decalogue but
deepens it, showing that commandments are not
Imagine a world without a teacher—no one to guide,
minimal limits but a pathway to perfection in love.
correct, or inspire us. Confusion would reign, and truth
would be lost in a sea of opinions. In a similar way,
“If you wish to enter into life, keep the commandments.”
humanity often struggles with questions of morality,
Matthew 19:17
freedom, and the meaning of life. In this search, Jesus
stands out as the Good Teacher, who not only speaks
Jesus brings the question about morally good action
about the truth but embodies it. His life, words, and
back to its religious foundation (VS, 9): THE DECALOGUE.
example reveal to us the path to genuine freedom,
happiness, and communion with God.
In the “first tablet” of the Law, Jesus teaches us that
God is the beginning and end of our life.
- Hear O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord; You
shall love the Lord your God with all your heart,
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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

and with all your soul, and with all your might. - 2. Jesus reveals the Father’s Will
Deuteronomy 6:4-7
Jesus leads us to a radical “YES”—to ourselves, others,
Jesus definitively confirms the Decalogue and proposes society, and most importantly, to God. His teaching is not
them as the way and condition of salvation. VS, 12 abstract; it is relational, rooted in His communion with
the Father.
The “Second Tablet of the Law” commands us: “you
shall not murder; you shall not commit adultery; you The three-fold yeses covering the three dimensions of
shall not bear false witness; Honor your father and your human life:
mother; also, you shall love your neighbor as yourself - the intra-personal
(Matthew 19: 18- 19). - saying “yes” to oneself by valuing one’s
- These commandments are summarized by dignity, cultivating self-respect, and
Jesus’ command to His disciples: “you shall love striving for personal growth.
your neighbor as yourself” (Matthew 19:19; cf. - the inter-personal
Mk. 12:31). - saying “yes” to others by building
genuine relationships, showing love,
Jesus brings God’s commandments to fulfillment. Jesus forgiveness, and compassion.
shows that the commandments must not be - societal
understood as a minimum limit not to be gone beyond, - saying “yes” to community and society
but rather as a path involving a moral and spiritual by promoting justice, peace, and the
journey towards perfection (VS, 15). common good.

The Christian moral vocation is precisely: to commit must be grounded on the fourth foundational,
ourselves through the power of Christ’s redeeming integrating…
grace to the progressive overcoming of the evil of sin in - Yes to God.
and around us – a personal human reaching out in - Saying “yes” to God integrates and gives
loving service to others – rather than simply avoiding direction to all other dimensions,
sin or shrinking from evil. because He is the source of life, love,
- Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines. and moral goodness.
New National Catechetical Directory for the - Without God, the other “yeses” risk
Philippines 2007. Manila: Catholic Bishops becoming shallow or self-centered.
Conference of the Philippines, 2007 - With God at the foundation, personal,
relational, and societal life become a
reflection of His love and truth.
Summary:
- Jesus confirms and deepens the meaning of
Our “yes” to ourselves, to others, and to society only find
the Decalogue, showing that the
their full meaning when rooted in our fundamental yes
commandments are not just minimum rules
to God.
but a path to perfection in love. The first
tablet reminds us to love God with all our
The Christ Jesus that we proclaimed among you…was
heart, while the second calls us to love our
never Yes and No. With him it was always yes, and
neighbor as ourselves. By bringing the Law to
however many the promises God made, the yes to them
fulfillment, Jesus teaches that morality is not
all is in Him. That is why it is through Him that we
only about avoiding sin but about a
answer Amen to the praise of God.
transformative journey of holiness—living in
- NNCDP, 285
God’s love and serving others through grace.
- In Him, God’s promises are fulfilled—He is proof
that God’s love and plan of salvation are certain
and trustworthy.
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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

- Jesus is never “Yes and No” (inconsistent or

Summary:
uncertain); He is always “Yes” because He is
- Jesus shows that morality is not just avoiding
God’s ultimate confirmation of truth, mercy, and
evil but living fully in truth, love, and the call to
faithfulness.
perfection. In guiding the Rich Young Man, He
- Our response, therefore, is to say “Amen” (“so
reveals that true teaching is patient and
be it”) through Christ—accepting God’s will and
step-by-step, leading people to deeper
giving praise, because in Jesus, we see that God
understanding. Today, people must turn to
never goes back on His word.
Christ to find the ultimate answer to what is
truly good and evil.
This demands a radical change of heart, a real
conversion, manifested in a triple yes to self, others, and
society, and grounded in the ultimate yes to God, 4. Jesus Sheds Light on Man’s Lofty Vocation
overcoming the “No” of sin.
The Good Teacher reminds us that our ultimate calling
is communion with God. By His Paschal Mystery and the
Summary:
gift of the Spirit, Jesus enables us to live out His
- Jesus calls us to a radical “Yes” that
command: “Love one another as I have loved you”.
embraces ourselves, others, society, and
above all, God. The three-fold yes—to self, to
The first and ultimate vocation of man is communion
others, and to society—finds its true meaning
with God and there is only one way to respond to this
when rooted in the ultimate yes to God, who calling: JESUS CHRIST.
is the source of life and love. In Christ, God’s
promises are perfectly fulfilled; He is the The basic motivation for following Christ in moral
definitive “Yes” of God’s truth and faithfulness. action is, of course the
Our response is to say “Amen” in faith and Blessed Trinity:
praise, living out real conversion by - The eternal Father’s
overcoming the “No” of sin and reflecting love for us,
God’s love in all dimensions of life. manifested
pre-eminently in
3. Jesus teaches about moral action Jesus’ Paschal
Mystery,
Jesus patiently guides, like with the Rich Young Man, - and the Holy Spirit
showing that morality is not only about avoiding evil sent into our hearts
but about positively living in truth and love. He brings who enables us to fulfill Christ’s own command:
light to moral questions and points to the higher call of Love one another as I have loved you.
perfection.
Since God has loved us so much, we too should love one
People today need to turn to Christ once again in order another.
to receive from Him the answer to their questions
about what is good and what is evil. Summary:
- Humanity’s highest calling is communion
Jesus, as the patient and sensitive teacher, answers the with God, which is made possible through
young man by taking him, as it were by the hand, and Jesus Christ. By His Paschal Mystery and the
leading him step by step to the full truth. Spirit’s gift, we are empowered to live His
command to love one another. The
motivation for moral action comes from the
Trinity—the Father’s love, Christ’s saving

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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

work, and the Spirit’s presence in our hearts. the true answer to humanity’s deepest
Because God has so greatly loved us, we are questions about good and evil.
called to love others in return.

Conclusion:
5. Christ is always present to his church - Jesus is more than a rabbi or philosopher—He is
the Teacher of life itself. His words are not
Jesus continues teaching today through His Church, lessons confined to the past but living truth for
which proclaims faith and morals without error, today. To sit at His feet is to learn how to live, to
interpreting the signs of the times in light of the Gospel. love, and to find eternal life. Like St. Thomas
The Church becomes the living classroom where Aquinas, may we say to Him: “Non nisi te,
Christ, the Teacher, never stops guiding. Domine”—“Only You, Lord.”

The Church must always be deeply conscious of her

Notes:
duty in every age to examine the signs of the times and
- “Non nisi te, Domine”
interpret them in the light of the Gospel.
- Meaning: Only You, Lord.”

The Church as the People of God among the nations,

while attentive to the new challenges of history and to
mankind’s efforts to discover the meaning of life, offers WEEK 3- LESSON C: JESUS SHEDS LIGHT ON THE
to everyone the answer which comes from the truth MYSTERY AND DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
about Jesus and his Gospel.

Understanding Man as a Person

Jesus vs. Alternative Ethical Systems
- Modern ethical systems—utilitarianism,
What view of morality will this understanding of the
relativism, subjectivism, social
human person lead to?
Darwinism—often reduce morality to feelings,
convenience, or power. Jesus as the Good
The Human Person: Biological Perspective
Teacher offers a different vision: morality
1. A bipedal primate belonging to the genus homo,
grounded in God’s will, human dignity, and the
particularly homo sapiens.
call to love. His teaching answers the deepest
2. Opposable / prehensile thumbs (grasping
human questions about good and evil in ways
tools).
philosophies alone cannot.
3. More defined frontal lobe.
4. Larger cranium.
Christ empowered the Church to proclaim, without fear
5. 3% DNA difference from apes.
of error, faith and morals.

Hierarchy of Being (Scala Naturae)

Summary: - God
- Christ continues to teach through His - Nature
Church, which faithfully proclaims truth in - Humans
faith and morals and interprets the signs of - Animals
the times in light of the Gospel. Unlike - Plants
modern ethical systems that reduce - Minerals
morality to convenience or power, Jesus
grounds morality in God’s will, human dignity, Soul is defined as “primus actus corporis physici
and love. The Church, guided by Him, offers organici”. It is the first act of a physical organic body.
As such, it is the principle of life. Any being, therefore,

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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

that manifests life and thereby performs vital - The operation that manifests the capacity to
operations has a soul, or in the language of some move from one place to another.
philosophers, any living being is a besoulled being.
Intellection:
OPERARI SEQUITUR ESSE = (Operation follows Being) - Considered as an immaterial operation
because its object is the idea which is an
OPERATIONS immaterial presentation of reality.
- Nutrition
- Growth Volition:
- Reproduction - This is an immaterial operation and its object is
- Sensation the idea which is immaterial because it is a
- Locomotion movement consequent upon the immaterial
- Intellection apprehension of the intellect.
- Volition - the faculty or power of using one's will.

Nutrition:
- refers to the operation by which the creature’s
life is conserved. It is a vital operation which
transforms food into nutritive substances by
the process of metabolism and the ability to
assimilate these nutritive materials to the
different parts of the body.

Growth:
- This operation refers to the augmentation and
refers to the operation by which living beings
acquire by nourishment the quantity
characteristic to it (motis a minore ad Together with the rest of humanity, the Church, following
majorem quantitatem). It is a result of the Christ as her model, has made it her mission to uplift
assimilation of food. It is the vital operation the lives of everyone in this world. To do this, the Church
then by which, for example, the baby increases teaches that it is only in knowing Christ that the human
in size and obtains the development person can arrive at a full understanding of who He
characteristic of the species to which it belongs. really is.

Reproduction: Being in full solidarity with humankind, our Lord

- This refers to the operation by which a new showed us how to be fully human and fully alive.
organism is generated from a previous
organism (origo viventis a principio vivente Christ primarily revealed how the essential dignity of all
conjuncto in similitudinem naturae). It is the persons is grounded directly on their origin, meaning
vital process whereby living beings, after and destiny.
reaching maturity, perpetuate their species.
In the light of Christian revelation, it was understood
Sensation: that all persons, endowed with inviolable dignity, are:
- This operation manifests the capacity to - Created by God in His image and likeness (cf.
perceive accidental properties of things. Gen 1:26) through our Lord Jesus Christ, “through
whom everything was made and through whom
Locomotion: we live” (1 Cor 8:6).

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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

- Redeemed by the blood of Christ (cf. Eph 1:7; Col Willed by God for His own Sake
1:14); and are sanctified by the indwelling Holy - Every human being is an irreplaceable and
Spirit (cf. Rom 8:14-16; 1 Cor 6:19). non-substitutable person, a kind of good that
- Called to be children of God (cf. 1 Jn 3:1), cannot be treated as an object of use or as a
destined for eternal life of blessed communion means to an end.
with the Father, His Risen-Incarnate Son, and - As a subject, he/she is the one in charge of
their Holy Spirit. his/her life as he/she can act according to
his/her conscience, in freedom and with
sufficient knowledge. Karol Wojtyla, Love and
Notes:
Responsibility
- The human person, with both biological and
- (New York: Farrar, Strauss & Giroux, 1981), 41.
spiritual dimensions, possesses vital
operations such as growth, sensation,
Called to be Stewards of Creation
intellect, and will. Christian revelation teaches
- The companionship between man and woman
that true human dignity is rooted in being
is not of dominance but solidarity, not
created in God’s image, redeemed by Christ,
inferiority but complementarity, equity and not
and sanctified by the Spirit. Thus, the full
equality.
understanding of humanity is found in Christ,
- As stewards of creation both man and woman
who reveals our origin, meaning, and eternal
were equally ordered to "subdue" the earth as
destiny.
His stewards.
- This sovereignty is not destructive domination.
1. Created in the Image and Likeness of God God calls man and woman, to share in his
providence toward other creatures; hence their
Man is the only creature on earth that God has willed responsibility for the world God has entrusted to
for its own sake, and he alone is called to share, by them. CCC, 373.
knowledge and love, in God's own life. It was for this end
that he was created, and this is the fundamental reason Called to Communion
for his dignity. CCC - As images of the self-giving love of God, human
beings are capable of self-giving love as well.
The doctrine that man is created in the image and - As products of a divine self-gift, human beings
likeness of God provides the theological grounding that should respond to God by giving themselves to
upholds the sacredness of the human person and others.
guarantees the respect to be given him. - To give oneself to others as much as possible in
imitation of the self-giving of God in the Trinity
Able to Know and Love his Creator is the concrete living out of our being an image
- He is an image of God by virtue of his/her of God.
possession of the distinctive faculties of
intellect and freewill, that on account of which, Therefore, being created in the image and likeness of
he/she is capable of self-determination. God is both a gift and a task.
- Because of the spiritual character of his/her
soul, man possesses freedom, an eminent sign The challenge to be true to who and what we are is an
of divine image. endless task – it never expires.
- Man’s reason enables him/her to know the
voice of God compelling him/her to do good We always look at Jesus Christ and strive to always
and avoid evil. model our lives to his, for we are not just any slave or
servant who follows the will of his/her master but we are
raised to the status of being adopted sons and
daughters of God.
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Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

raised, of the surpassing worth of our humanity and of

the meaning of our existence.” CCC, 602.
Summary:
- Human dignity comes from being created in
“Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ,
God’s image, with intellect and free will that
who has blessed us in the heavenly realms with every
enable knowledge, love, and freedom. Each
spiritual blessing in Christ. For He chose us in Him before
person is willed by God for their own sake,
the creation of the world to be holy and blameless in His
never as a means to an end, and called to
sight. In love, He predestined us for adoption to Sonship
live responsibly according to conscience. As
through Jesus Christ, in accordance with His pleasure
stewards of creation, man and woman are
and will—to the praise of his glorious grace, which He
partners in caring for the world, not in
has freely given us in the One He loves. In Him we have
domination but in complementarity. Being
redemption through His blood, the forgiveness of sins, in
God’s image also means being capable of
accordance with the riches of God’s grace.” Ephesians
self-giving love, reflecting the Trinity through
1:3-7.
communion with others. This gift is also a
lifelong task—fulfilled by modeling our lives
Healing the wounds of sin, the Holy Spirit renews us
after Christ, as adopted sons and daughters
interiorly through a spiritual transformation.
of God.

He enlightens and strengthens us to live as "children of

2. Redeemed by the Blood of Christ light" through "all that is good and right and true." CCC,
1695.
God elevated man to participation in the divine life and
live in communion and belongingness with the Trinity.
Summary:
- Though sin shattered humanity’s
But with the entry of sin, this communion and
communion with God and with one another,
belongingness was shattered, as well as their
God did not abandon us.
communion among themselves.
- Through Christ’s sacrifice, humanity is
redeemed, sins are forgiven, and we are
Yet God did not abandon man altogether; instead, He
restored to dignity as adopted children of
held out the means of saving them by gathering men
God.
together to counter the chaos which was the
- His blood brings unity, healing, and renewal,
consequence of sin.
while the Holy Spirit transforms us interiorly,
empowering us to live as “children of light” in
“That all of them may be one, as You, are in Me, and I am
truth, goodness, and love.
in You. May they also be in Us, so that the world may
believe that you sent me. I have given them the glory
You gave Me, so that they may be one as we are one.” 3. Made Holy by the Presence of the Spirit

Man's sins, following on original sin, are punishable by When God touches man's heart through the illumination
death. of the Holy Spirit, man himself is not inactive while
receiving that inspiration, since he could reject it; and
By sending his own Son in the form of a slave, in the yet, without God's grace, he cannot by his own free will
form of a fallen humanity, on account of sin, God "made move himself toward justice in God's sight. CCC, 1993.
him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might - God initiates: Conversion begins when God
become the righteousness of God. touches a person’s heart through the
illumination of the Holy Spirit. Grace is always
“For in Christ and through Christ, we have acquired full the first move—without it, we cannot come to
awareness of our dignity, of the heights to which we are true faith or righteousness.
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Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

- Man responds: Even though God gives the enlightens and strengthens us to live as "children of
inspiration, the person is not passive. We have light" through "all that is good and right and true.
freedom to accept or reject that grace. - This means that the Holy Spirit works within us
- Cooperation is necessary: On our own, we to repair the damage sin has caused in our
cannot attain justice or holiness before God. But hearts and souls. He doesn’t just forgive us but
with His grace, we are enabled to freely actually transforms us from the inside, giving
cooperate, choosing to turn toward Him. us new strength to choose what is good, right,
and true. By His guidance, we learn to live as
Salvation is a cooperation between divine grace and “children of light”—people who reflect God’s love
human freedom. God offers, but man must respond. and goodness in their daily lives.
Grace makes it possible, but free will makes it real.

Summary:
The merit of good works is to be attributed in the first
- Holiness begins with God’s grace, as the Holy
place to the grace of God, then to the faithful. Man's
Spirit touches and inspires the human heart.
merit itself, moreover, is due to God, for his/her good
Man is free to accept or reject this grace, but
actions proceed in Christ, from the predispositions and
without it, he cannot attain justice or
assistance given by the Holy Spirit. CCC, 2008.
holiness. Every good work is possible only
- Grace comes first: Any good work we do is
through God’s grace, yet requires man’s
possible only because of God’s grace. He gives
cooperation, making salvation a partnership
us the strength, inspiration, and opportunity to
between divine initiative and human freedom.
act rightly.
- Through prayer, guided by the Spirit, we
- Man cooperates: Even though it begins with
receive strength to live as witnesses of
grace, the human person freely chooses to
Christ. The Spirit also heals the wounds of sin,
cooperate with it. That’s why merit is also
renewing us interiorly and empowering us to
attributed to the faithful—we truly take part in
live as “children of light” in truth, goodness,
the act.
and love.
- All merit returns to God: In the end, even our
ability to merit (to do good deserving of reward)
is still God’s gift. Our good actions “proceed in 4. Christ as the One who Sheds Light on the
Christ” and are sustained by the Holy Spirit’s Dignity of the Human Person
help.
To understand man as a person is to point out that man
Being a witness of Christ, as in leading a life worthy of is created by God with inviolable dignity.
the Gospel of Christ is made capable of doing so by the
gift of his Spirit which we can obtain through prayer, The Human Person in the Aristotelian-Thomistic
though the impulse to pray is still permeated with the Hierarchy of Beings
promptings of the Holy Spirit. - The Aristotelian-Thomistic hierarchy of beings
- Being a witness of Christ means living in a way (scala naturae) provides a backdrop for the
that reflects the Gospel. We can’t do this by our Christian understanding of man. It gives us a
own strength—it’s possible only through the view of human beings both in relation to God
Holy Spirit, who gives us the power to live like (as creator) and other created beings.
Christ.
- We receive this strength through prayer. But In the ecology of the visible world, only human beings
even the desire to pray comes from the Holy possess rationality, i.e., intellect and freewill, while
Spirit guiding us. possessing altogether the excellent traits of the beings in
the lower strata of the hierarchy, to wit: motion
Healing the wounds of sin, the Holy Spirit renews us (animals), and life (plants).
interiorly through a spiritual transformation. He
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Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

Hence, we define human beings as individual together toward eternal life with Him.
substance of rational nature (Individua Substantia
Naturae Rationalis). Conscious Beings. Persons are conscious beings, aware
of themselves in their outgoing acts. We possess this
The Human Person According to the Catechism for self-awareness through our knowing and free willing.
Filipino Catholics CFC, 687-692. ● Through our intellect (knowing), we can
- Open and Relational. Persons are open and understand ourselves, others, and the world
relational by nature. No one exists by oneself, around us.
but only in relationship with others. Human ● Through our free will (choosing), we can make
existence does not precede relationship but deliberate decisions rather than simply
born of relationship and is nurtured by it. We following instincts.
grow into our full selves as persons only in
relating with others. By his reason, human beings:
- Know the order of things established by God;
Being a person means being by others (our conception, - Understand how and what things should be.
birth, upbringing), being with others (our family, friends, - Is imbued with the instinctive awareness of the
neighbors, business associates), and being for others unwritten decree inscribed in his heart.
(love, service).
- Recognizes this as the voice of God constantly
- Being by others – We come into existence and
urging him to do the good and avoid evil. CFC,
grow because of others. Our parents conceived,
gave birth to, and raised us. We depend on 688.
others for our very beginning.
- Being with others – We live and interact daily Embodied Spirits
with people like family, friends, classmates, and - This stresses the unity between our “body and
colleagues. These relationships shape our soul.”
identity and give meaning to our lives. - This substantial unity of our body and soul is
- Being for others – Our lives are not just about known as “hylemorphism.”
ourselves. We are called to share love, serve,
- Our body is an essential part of our being
and contribute to the well-being of others.
human and not merely an “instrument” we
“use” as we please.
Our Trinitarian origin infers that this is how we have been
created by God — as social beings. This is how we have
The Body
been redeemed by Christ — as a people. This is how the
- Christian Faith regards the Body as “good and
Holy Spirit works not only within but among us as the
honorable since God has created it and will
people of God, journeying towards our common destiny
raise it up on the last day” (GS 14).
in God. CFC 687.
- God the Son further dignified the body through
- Created by God as social beings – Since God
his Incarnation: “the Word became flesh and
Himself is a communion of Persons (Father, Son,
dwelt among us” (Jn. 1:14).
and Holy Spirit), we are made in His image to
- St. Paul admonishes us: “You must know that
live in relationships, not isolation. Our nature is
your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit, who is
to connect, share, and belong to a community.
within — the Spirit you have received from God. . .
- Redeemed by Christ as a people – Jesus didn’t
. So, glorify God in your body” (1 Cor 6:19-20).
just save individuals separately; He formed a
community of believers, the Church.
The Soul
Redemption is experienced together, as one
- Serves as the form (the nature or essence of a
people called to follow Him.
thing that makes it what it is) of the body.
- Guided by the Holy Spirit among us – The Spirit
- Functions as the unifying principle that forms
doesn’t only work in each individual heart but
the one unique human being.
also unites us as the People of God, leading us

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Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

- Needs embodiment, i.e., assistance of the all men.” But despite sharing common features
senses for the fulfillment of the soul’s vital task. of humanity, we do things differently. This
implies therefore that we seriously consider
Historical Realities each person’s uniqueness and originality.
- As Persons, we are: - Each of us is called to “image” God in a unique
- Pilgrims on-the-way, who gradually, way — no one can “take our place,” as it were.
through time, become our full selves.
- Free to decide for ourselves and form
Summary:
ourselves; in this sense we are our own
- Man, created by God with inviolable dignity,
cause.
is unique in the hierarchy of beings as a
- Developing in discernible stages,
rational creature with intellect and free will.
described in great detail by modern
According to Christian teaching, the human
psychology. CFC, 690.
person is open and relational, conscious and
- Integrating our past to our present
free, embodied spirit (unity of body and soul),
existence to makes us move into our
historical (growing and developing over
future with a sense of integrity and a
time), and both unique and fundamentally
coherent sense of direction. R. M. Gula,
equal.
S.S.
- Human dignity comes from being created in
God’s image, redeemed by Christ, and
Note: Being historical also implies that our moral
destined for communion with Him. Our body
responsibility is proportionate to our capacity
is honored as a temple of the Holy Spirit, while
according to our current stage of development.
the soul is the unifying principle of our being.
As relational beings, we are called to live by,
Unique yet Fundamentally Equal
with, and for others in love and service,
- All men are endowed with a rational soul and
reflecting our Trinitarian origin. Each person is
are created in God’s image; they have the same
unique in imaging God, yet all share equal
nature and origin and, being redeemed by
worth and destiny in Him.
Christ, they enjoy the same divine calling and
destiny; there is here a basic equality between
all men.” GS, 29
- But despite sharing common features of WEEK 4- LESSON D: THE ENCOUNTER WITH JESUS
humanity, we do things differently. This implies CALL TO DISCIPLESHIP
therefore that we seriously consider each
person’s uniqueness and originality. Each of us
EMMANUEL LEVINAS: NOTION OF THE OTHER
is called to “image” God in a unique way — no
1. Egocentrism
one can “take our place.
- The struggle for life or the desire to persevere in
being, heightens egoism, which is characterized
Note:
by the desire for enjoyment or happiness.
- Persons are unique, yet fundamentally equal.
- The primordial tendency of the ego is to live for
Regardless of differences in physical, intellectual
itself and secure any means available and
and moral features and abilities, we
attainable in order to maintain a happy
spontaneously apprehend our basic equality as
existence.
persons.
- The “I” in its inwardness becomes the origin of
- All men are endowed with a rational soul and
meaning and determines whether or not
are created in God’s image; they have the same
something is valuable, i.e., usable or
nature and origin and, being redeemed by
consumable.
Christ, they enjoy the same divine calling and
destiny; there is here a basic equality between
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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

Alterity 1. Christian Discipleship is Counter- Cultural and

- The Other stands at the top of my hierarchy of Radical Alterity
values, I am beholden to it before anything else
as “the other is characterized by height or Tale of three trees. Three young trees each want to do
highness.” something great: One tree wants to be a big boat that is
- The absoluteness with which the Other’s fit for a king; another wants to hold a lot treasure; and
existence transcends the claims of my the last one wants to be the tallest tree. When they are
self-centered universe by more radical felled, it seems as if all their dreams are over. One tree is
demands, is what Levinas calls infinity...we must turned into a dinky little fishing boat that smells of rotten
be the servant of our neighbor. fish; another becomes feed box for animals; and the last
- our existence is affirmed or validated not by the was cut into beams and left in a lumberyard. But each is
mere fact of persevering in being but by our destined to play an important part in the life of Jesus, in
liberation from our own constricting egotism. In this, their dreams are more than fulfilled.
other words, we are liberated by our ethical
response when we encounter the Other who
1st Tree: To be a treasure Our plans
reveals its face to us.
chest

This Other deposes me and imposes itself upon me as

2nd Tree: to be a mighty
my priority.
ship

Ethics, for Levinas, is the radical interpretation of the

3rd Tree: To be a tall tree
formula of etiquette: apres vous (after you, please!).
Moreover, the Other, as it reveals its face to me, puts me 1st Tree: A feed box COST TEST OF FAITH
under a basic obligation or command to be at its service OBEDIENCE
before myself, which Levinas underscored using the 2nd Tree: A fishing boat
phrase: me voici (Here I am!).
3rd Tree: A beam stored
“We are all guilty of all and for men before all, and I more in a lumber yard
than the others.” Fyodor Dostoyevsky
1st Tree: Became a GOD’S PLANS
manger for the baby
Summary:
Jesus
- Human beings naturally tend toward egoism,
seeking happiness and survival for
2nd Tree: Witnessed the
themselves. The “I” often makes itself the
power of Jesus
center, treating things and people as valuable
only if they serve its needs.
3rd Tree: Symbol of God’s
- But when we encounter the Other, we are
love for humanity
called beyond selfishness. The Other holds a
higher value, transcending our self-centered
world, and makes ethical demands on us. Following Christ is the essential and primordial
- True freedom and meaning come not from foundation of Christian morality. Jesus’ ways and words,
serving ourselves, but from responding to the his deeds and his precepts constitute the moral rule of
Other with responsibility, service, and humility. Christian life
- Levinas teaches that we become truly human
not by living for ourselves, but by responding We go back to the questions:
ethically and responsibly to the Other. - What must I do?
- How do I distinguish good from evil?

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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

We turn to Jesus Christ:

- We listen to his words. CHRIST CRUCIFIED IS:
- We follow his actions - A picture of a happy man.
- Freedom and joy: when all our expectations are
What does discipleship entail? turned around.
- Come follow me and I will send you out to fish for
people. At once, they left their nets and followed
Summary:
him. Matthew 4:19
- The Tale of the Three Trees shows that while
- If you want to be perfect, go sell your
human plans may fail, God’s plans exceed
possessions, come follow me. Matthew 19:21
them: one tree became the manger of Jesus,
- If anyone should come after me, let him deny
another a fishing boat that witnessed His
himself and take up his cross and follow me.
miracles, and the last the Cross—symbols of
Matthew 16:24
God’s greater purpose.
- Discipleship means following Christ as the
Who is a disciple?
foundation of Christian morality: listening to
- A disciple is a lover of Truth:
His words, imitating His actions, denying
- Jesus, the Way, the Truth, and the Life
oneself, and living in loving service. A disciple
is a lover of Truth (Jesus Himself) and one
How does one become a disciple?
who seeks to do the Father’s will.
- A disciple imitates Jesus who gives primacy to
- The Beatitudes serve as Jesus’ moral
the will of the Father.
standards, fulfilled perfectly in Christ Crucified.
On the Cross, Jesus despised wealth,
What is expected of a disciple?
pleasure, power, and honor, but embraced
- A disciple lives in loving service of others.
love, righteousness, mercy, and peace.
- Thus, true happiness and freedom come not
Beatitudes:
from worldly desires but from living like
- A set of precepts that utterly demonstrate the
Christ, even in sacrifice, for in Him lies the joy
moral standards of our Lord and at the same
of discipleship.
time resonate his call to follow him as his
disciples.
2. The Church: Willed by God to Make Possible the
CHRIST CRUCIFIED: Encounter with Christ
- Brutal, Anguish, Terrible Wounds
The Church was instituted by Christ to perpetuate His
According to Saint Thomas Aquinas, Christ Crucified is presence on earth. She signifies in a visible, historical
the perfect exemplification of the Beatitudes. and tangible form the presence and redeeming activity
of Christ offered to all persons of every age, race and
TO BE HAPPY: condition.
- Despise what Jesus despised on the Cross. - This means that the Church exists because of
- 4 things that make us happy: Christ’s will and mission. When Jesus returned
- Wealth, pleasure, power and honor to the Father, He did not leave humanity without
His guidance. Instead, He established the Church
Love what Jesus loved on the Cross. so that His saving work would continue
- Doing the will of the Father: throughout history.
- The single-hearted one - The Church is not just a community of believers
- Hunger for righteousness but a visible sign of Christ’s ongoing presence.
- Ultimate peacemaker and Through her teachings, sacraments, and service,
- Ultimate bearer of God’s mercy. the Church makes Christ’s love, grace, and
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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

redemption real and accessible to people of all (man) in Christ, which the Church
times, places, and backgrounds. continues to make present in history.
- In short: The Church is the way Christ continues ● “Every time, in every situation” → The
to act in the world—guiding, healing, and saving Church’s mission is ongoing: in every
people until the end of time. era, culture, and context, she must help
people encounter the mystery of God
“The Church has always wished to serve this single end: becoming human and uniting with us in
that each person may be able to find Christ, in order that Christ.
Christ may walk with each person the path of life.” RH 13. ● In simple words: The Church’s role is to
- This means that the main mission of the Church make God’s presence and saving love
is to lead every person to a personal encounter real and accessible for all people—both
with Christ. those who belong to her visibly and
- The Church exists not for herself, but so that those who, without knowing it, are
people may discover, know, and be united with touched by Christ’s grace.
Jesus. Once someone finds Christ, He does not
remain distant—He becomes a companion who
Summary:
walks with them in their life’s journey, giving
- The Church exists because Christ willed it, so
guidance, strength, and hope.
His saving presence and mission would
- In simple terms: The Church’s goal is to help
continue on earth. She is the visible sign of His
people meet Christ so that He can share in their
redeeming activity, making His grace and
daily lives and lead them to salvation.
love accessible to people of every age, race,
and condition. Her mission is simple: to lead
As the sacrament of salvation of all, not only of the
each person to a personal encounter with
explicit members but also those who share in the
Christ, who then walks with them in their life’s
“theandric communion without explicit awareness of
journey.
Christic foundation,” She is mindful of her task to make
- As the sacrament of salvation, the Church is
present everytime, in every situation the encounter
not only for her explicit members but for all
between the spirit and the flesh, God and mankind.
humanity, including those who unknowingly
share in Christ’s life. In every time and
- This statement is saying that the Church is the
situation, she makes present the union of God
sacrament (or visible sign) of salvation for all
and man in Christ, so that all may experience
people, not just for baptized or “official”
His saving love.
members, but also for those who may not
- In short: The Church is Christ’s enduring
explicitly know Christ yet still share in God’s life in
presence on earth, existing to help all
hidden ways.
people—inside and outside her visible
● “Sacrament of salvation of all” → The
boundaries—encounter Him and share in His
Church makes God’s saving grace
salvation.
present and available to everyone, since
salvation in Christ is meant for all
humanity.
● “Not only explicit members” → Even
those outside the visible Church who
seek truth and goodness are
mysteriously connected to Christ’s
saving work.
● “Theandric communion” → This refers
to the union of divine (God) and human

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summarized - gpt
Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

LESSON A: CHRIST AS THE IMAGE OF THE INVISIBLE GOD ● The Way, the Truth, the Life: Christ shows
Subtopics: human purpose.
A. The Ultimate Revelation of the Father
● Core idea: Human life seeks happiness; ultimate ● Sequela Christi – following Christ through
fulfillment is in God. radical conversion, leaving behind selfishness
and sin, and loving others as He did.
● Hierarchy of Values: Human needs ranked;
self-actualization is the highest. ● Latin: Sequela Christi – “Following Christ.”

● Attaining God: Requires humility, detachment,

and trust; the path is “narrow” (“passing through LESSON B: JESUS CHRIST AS THE GOOD TEACHER
the eye of a needle”). Subtopics:
A. Jesus Opens Up the Faithful to the Sacred Scriptures
● Christ is the ultimate revelation of the Father; ● Confirms and fulfills the Decalogue; commands
only through Him can humans reach God. are a path to love, not just minimal limits.

● Key Latin: Domine, Non Nisi Te – “Nothing but ● First tablet: Love God (Deut 6:4–7).
You, Lord.”
● Second tablet: Love your neighbor (Mt. 19:18–19;
● God as a personal absolute gives meaning to Mk. 12:31).
life (St. Augustine, Schillebeeckx).
B. Jesus Reveals the Father’s Will
B. Christ the Sacrament of the Encounter with God ● Calls to radical “Yes” to self, others, society, and
● Incarnation allows humans to share in God’s life God.
and experience His love daily.
● Christ is the definitive “Yes” of God.
● Examples:
● True conversion involves overcoming sin and
○ Feeding of the 5,000 (Mt. 14:13–21) → God saying “Amen” to God’s plan.
cares for our needs.
C. Jesus Teaches About Moral Action
○ Beatitudes (Mt. 5:3–12) → Happiness ● Morality is not just avoiding evil, but living in truth
comes from living in God’s love. and love.

○ Mercy to sinners (Mk. 2:13–17; Lk. 18:15–17) ● Example: Rich Young Man (Mt. 19:16–21) →
→ God’s love reaches everyone. teaching through patient guidance.

C. Christ is Human in a Divine Way D. Jesus Sheds Light on Man’s Lofty Vocation
● Christ raises humanity, sets the example for love, ● Humanity’s ultimate call: communion with God.
forgiveness, and compassion.
● Motivation comes from the Trinity: Father’s love,
● Examples: Forgiving without limit (Mt. 18:21), Christ’s saving work, Spirit’s guidance.
mercy to adulterous woman (Jn. 8:1–11), dinner
with Zacchaeus (Lk. 19:1–10). E. Christ is Always Present to His Church
● Church continues Christ’s teaching; interprets
D. Images of Jesus in the Gospels signs of the times faithfully.

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Theology
Ma’am Luzielle Ernest De Leon | THY 1 | 1st Term | 1NUR-4

● Contrasts with modern ethical systems ○ Being with others – interacting in

(utilitarianism, relativism). society.

○ Being for others – self-giving love and

LESSON C: JESUS SHEDS LIGHT ON THE MYSTERY AND service.
DIGNITY OF THE HUMAN PERSON
Subtopics:
A. Created in the Image and Likeness of God LESSON D: THE ENCOUNTER WITH JESUS CHRIST IS A CALL
● Human dignity comes from intellect, free will, TO DISCIPLESHIP
and being willed for God’s sake. Subtopics:
A. Christian Discipleship is Counter-Cultural and
● Stewards of Creation: Man and woman share Radical Alterity
responsibility, complementarity, and care for the ● Egocentrism: self-centered, seeking personal
world. happiness.

● Call to Communion: Reflect God’s self-giving ● Alterity: encountering the Other demands ethical
love through relationships. responsibility (me voici – “Here I am!”).

B. Redeemed by the Blood of Christ ● True freedom comes from serving others, not
● Sin shattered communion with God and others. oneself.

● Redemption through Christ restores dignity, B. The Church: Willed by God to Make Possible the
unity, and adoption as God’s children (Eph Encounter with Christ
1:3–7). ● Following Christ is the foundation of morality:
listening, observing, and imitating His life.
C. Made Holy by the Presence of the Spirit
● Salvation is cooperation between divine grace ● Examples of Discipleship:
and human freedom.
○ Call of the first disciples (Mt. 4:19).
● Holy Spirit empowers, heals, and guides humans
to live as “children of light.” ○ Selling possessions for perfection (Mt.
19:21).
● Latin: Operari sequitur esse – “Operation follows
being.” ○ Taking up the cross (Mt. 16:24).

D. Christ as the One Who Sheds Light on the Dignity of

the Human Person Key Latin Words Across Lessons:
● Humans are rational, relational, conscious, ● Domine, Non Nisi Te – Nothing but You, Lord.
embodied, historical, unique, and fundamentally
equal. ● Sequela Christi – Following Christ.

● Personhood involves: ● Operari sequitur esse – Operation follows being.

○ Being by others – dependence on ● Me voici – Here I am!

relationships.

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