General
grammar
rules
made by : dream.11x
Grammar
اول ﺷﻲ ﺑﻨﺘﻌﻠﻢ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ و ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً
to اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻲ ﻳﺠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن داﺋﻤﺎً ف اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﺑﺪون إﺿﺎﻓﺎت ﻣﺜﻞ ed , ingو
ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ.
I am going to help my mum tomorrow.
(enjoy , like , hate, ...etc اﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺤﺐ و اﻟﻜﺮاﻫﻴﺔ ﻧﻀﻴﻒ ﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ .ing
I enjoy reading books.
in ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﺳﻤﺎء اﻻﻣﺎﻛﻦ ،و
اﻟﺴﻨﻮات و اﻻﺷﻬﺮ
He is in London.
She was born in 20011.
He died in April..
On ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻳﺎم اﻻﺳﺒﻮع .
They will leave on Monday
at ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﺎﻋﺎت و اﻟﻮﻗﺖ
He woke up at 8:00
an O eau i ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ
ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮوف ﻋﻠﺔ )( vowel
She is an engineer.
@dream.11x
Grammar
@dream.11x
Grammar
اﻟﻔﺮق ﻓﻲ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام the , a , an
ً
أوﻻ /اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﺎت The
ﺷﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺮر ﻣﺜﻞ ) . (look at the moonﻓﻘﻂ.
ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻗﻤﺮ واﺣﺪ
ﺷﻲ ﻣﺤﺪد ) ( I saw the red carﻳُ.ﻔﻬﻢ أﻧﻚ ﺗﺘﻜﻠﻢ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻴﺎرة
ﻣﺤﺪدة .
ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎً /اﺳﺘﺨﺪام aو : an
ﺷﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺮر ﻣﺜﻞ .I ate an apple :أي ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺔ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ واﺟﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﺣﺎت .
ﺷﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺤﺪد ﻣﺜﻞ . I read a book :أي ﻛﺘﺎب ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪدت .
ﻟﻜﻦ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﻓﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ : a , an
anﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮوف ﻋﻠﺔ )( vowel
ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻻﺳﻤﺎء اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺒﺪأ ﺑﺤﺮوف ﺳﺎﻛﻨﺔ ) ﺟﻤﻴﻊ a
اﻟﺤﺮوف ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪا ﺣﺮوف اﻟﻌﻠﺔ (.
@dream.11x
Grammar
: very و ﻣﺘﻰ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪمtoo ﻣﺘﻰ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم
We use too with the negative sentences.
(The weather is too hot)
( The car was too slow)
. ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ذات اﻟﺘﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ اﻟﺴﻠﺒﻴﺔ
we use very with the positive sentences.
( It’s very amazing)
( He is very clever)
ﻣﻊ اﻟﺠﻤﻞ ذات ﺗﻌﺎﺑﻴﺮ اﻳﺠﺎﺑﻴﺔ
@dream.11x
Grammar
اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ب : if
اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع if + اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر will +
( If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.
اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻻول ) وﺻﻒ ﻟﺤﺪث ﻣﻤﻜﻦ وﻗﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ (
اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ if + اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر Would +
)( If I had a lot of money , I would travel around the world
اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ) ﺗﻤﻨﻲ أو ﺗﺨﻴﻞ ﺣﺪوث ﺷﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ (
if + Aston perfect Would +have + p.p
) ( If she have worked hard , she would have earned a promotion
اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ) وﺻﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﻟﻢ ﻳﺤﺪث و ﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﺘﺨﻴﻞ
ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺘﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺣﺪث (
@dream.11x
Grammar
اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم ) (activeو اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل ): (passive
اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم :
subject + verb + object
) ( Ahmad eats banana
اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﺬﻛﻮر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ و ﻣﻌﻠﻮم .
اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل :
)Object + auxiliary verb + p.p +( by + subject
) ( banana was eaten by Ahmad
اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ .
ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ أو ﻣﻜﺎن اﻟﻮﻻدة .
@dream.11x
: (ً ) ﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﺟﺪا١١ ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﺻﻒ
Grammar
Expressing the future. اﻟﺘﻌﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ
1) Will
1) Prediction اﻟﺘﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺑﺪون دﻟﻴﻞ.
It will rain .
2) Offers. اﻟﻌﺮوض.
I will give you with good price .
3) promises اﻟﻮﻋﻮد.
I will go with you .
4) threat ﺗﻬﺪﻳﺪ.
I will kill you .
5) Sudden decision ﻗﺮارات ﻣﻔﺎﺟﺌﺔ ﻓﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻠﺤﻈﺔ.
I will open the door .
@dream.11x
Grammar
2) going to
1) Future plan ﺧﻄﻂ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ
I am going to study hard to be a doctor .
2) intentions . اﻟﻨﻮاﻳﺎ و اﻷﻫﺪاف
I am going to help my mother tonight .
3) Future arrangement ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ.
I am going to travel to London next week.
present continues
4) Prediction passed on evidence ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﺒﻨﻲ ﻋﻠﻰ دﻟﻴﻞ.
Look !at these clouds , It is going to rain.
@dream.11x
Grammar
Present perfect and just, still, already, yet .
just ( a short time before) ﻓﻘﻂ ) ﺣﺪث ﻣﻜﺘﻤﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ
auxiliary verb + just + p.p ( اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ
- I have just eaten an apple.
yet ( at any time up to now ) ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺪث ﻳﺤﺪث ﻗﺒﻞ
( use with negative and question) اﻵن ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪه ﻟﻢ ﻳﺤﺪث
- Have you finished your homework yet ? .
Still ( something hasn’t happened )
ﻧﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺪث ﻳﺤﺪث
( use with negative sentences )
. ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺘﺮة ﻣﻦ اﻵن
- The car still hasn’t come.
already ( before now )
ﺣﺪث ﺑﻮﻗﺖ، ﺣﺪث
( use with negative sentences )
. ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ ﺣﺪوﺛﻪ
- I have already seen it .
- The train left already.
@dream.11x
Grammar
Can and Can’t
Express ability اﻟﻘﺪرات
- He can swim.
- He can’t swim .
Express possibility اﻻﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ
-we can go .
- We can’t go .
Express permission. اﻻذن و اﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ
- you can go home early today.
Express prohibition . اﻟﻤﻨﻊ و اﻟﺤﻈﺮ
- you can’t go home early today.
Express deduction . اﻻﻣﺮ اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻢ
- She can’t be hungry. She’s just had lunch.
Offers and requests . اﻟﻌﺮوض و اﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎت
( coming in the beginning) .
- Can I help you .
@dream.11x
Grammar
Comparative and Superlative
@dream.11x
Grammar
some , any اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ
mean little or few. mean no or zero.
use with positive sentences. use with negative
use with plural countable and sentences.
uncomfortable noun. use with uncomfortable
noun.
- He has bought some use with question.
tropical fruits . - Do you have any books?
- we had some books . - I didn’t see any body .
@dream.11x
Grammar
@dream.11x
Grammar
اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺼﻔﺎت و
اﻟﻈﺮوف:
@dream.11x
Grammar
Relative clauses أدوات اﻟﻮﺻﻞ
who use to refer to people
( Ali is the doctor who helps my son )
.ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﻼﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ إﻧﺴﺎن أو ﺣﻴﻮان
Whose use to refer to possession
( Sara whose mum is a teacher is helping us ) .
. ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﻼﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﺷﻲ ﻣﺎ
Which use to refer to things
( This is the red car which I want ) .
.ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﻼﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء
That use to refer to things or people
( The lamp that was in my room was broken ) .
، اﻻﺷﺨﺎص، ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﻪ ﻟﻼﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻷﺷﻴﺎء
@dream.11x
Grammar
Adverbial clauses اﻟﺠﻤﻞ اﻟﻈﺮﻓﻴﺔ
Of time داﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ
( when, whenever, while, after, before, until, since )
Of place داﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻜﺎن
( where, wherever )
Of cause داﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﺐ
( because )
Of manner داﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻠﻮك
( as, as if, as through )
Of result داﻟﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ
( that, which )
@dream.11x
Grammar
اﻻﺳﺌﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﺬﻳﻠﺔ Question tags
ﻣﻌﻨﺎه :أﻟﻴﺲ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ
ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال ﺗﻜﻮن ﻋﻜﺲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ اﻟﺘﺎج ) اذا ﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﺆال
ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺘﺎج ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻨﻔﻲ و اﻟﻌﻜﺲ
@dream.11x
Grammar
أﺳﻤﺎء اﻻﺷﺎرة demonstratives
This ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻼﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد
( This car is very fast ) .
That ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻼﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻔﺮد
( That red flower ) .
These ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻼﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ
)( These pens are new
Those ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻼﺷﺎرة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﻌﻴﺪ
) ( Those dogs are dangerous
@dream.11x
Grammar
اﻻﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة ) :(Model verb
اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺼﺪر .
@dream.11x
Grammar
زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ
1) past simple اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ
S + V(p) + O
a complete action in the past. ﺣﺪث ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ و اﻧﺘﻬﻰ
(She visited her mother yesterday) Last, ago
2) past continues اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
S + was / were (V ( ing )) + O
Ongoing activity in the past. ﺣﺪث اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ
(I was playing football yesterday)
Some thing happen in the past when other action happen
( He was playing when his mother nocked the door )
. ﺣﺪث ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﻗﻄﻊ ﺣﺪث ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ، ﻓﻲ ﺣﺪﺛﻴﻦ
: ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ
. ing ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻴﻪwhile ﺑﻌﺪ
. ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲwhen ﺑﻌﺪ
@dream.11x
3) past perfect اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﺘﺎم
S + had + V ( p.p ) + O
Two actions , the first action happened and ended, then the other
action happened ( not at the same time. )
( He had finished his homework before he slept )
( After he had finished his homework, he slept )
( ﺣﺪث اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻻول و اﻧﺘﻬﻰ ﺛﻢ ﺣﺪث اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻻﺧﺮ ) ﻟﻴﺲ ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ، ﺣﺪﺛﻴﻦ
after وbefore ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﻪ: ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ
. ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﺴﻴﻂbefore اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ
ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺗﺎمafter اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪ
4) past perfect contious اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺎم
S + had been + V ( ing ) + O
Ongoing action in the past ( cause and result)
( She gained weight, because she had been overeating )
. ﺣﺪث اﺳﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ وﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻳﻜﻮن ﻣﻊ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ و اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ
@dream.11x
@dream.11x
Grammar
زﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع
1) present simple اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺒﺴﻴﻂ
S + V ( Present ) + O
Habits and routines. اﻟﺮوﺗﻴﻦ و اﻟﻌﺎدات اﻟﻴﻮﻣﻴﺔ
(Ali plays football every day )
General truths . اﻟﺤﻘﺎﺋﻖ
(water is important. )
Describe a permanent State . ﻟﻮﺻﻒ ﺷﻲ داﺋﻢ ﻟﻔﺘﺮة ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ أو
( Our train leaves at ten . ) ﻗﺼﻴﺮة
ﻓﺘﺢ و ﻏﻠﻖ اﻻﺳﻮاق، اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻼت، اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت، ﻣﻮاﻋﻴﺪ اﻻﻓﻼم: ﻣﺜﻞ
@dream.11x
2) present continues اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ
S + is / are / am (V ( ing )) + O
action happens right now. .ﺣﺪث ﻳﺤﺪث اﻵن
( I am studying right now) at that moment
action happen now and will continue . ﺣﺪث ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ
( He is taking a course in math.) ( اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ) ﻣﺆﻗﺘﺔ
Plans or arrangement for the future . ﺗﺨﻄﻴﻄﺎت ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ
( I am getting a new phone tomorrow .) اﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ
3) present perfect اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﺘﺎم
S + have/ has + V ( p.p ) + O
Something happen now ﺣﺪث ﺣﺼﻞ ﻓﻲ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﺒﻂ
(I have just eaten an apple )
4) present perfect contious اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻤﺮ اﻟﺘﺎم
S + has/ have been + V ( ing ) + O
An event that began in the past, continues in the
present, and continues in the future
( I have been studying since 7 AM )
for وsince وall ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻌﻪ: ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ
ﺣﺪث ﺑﺪأ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ و ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺎﺿﺮ و ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ
@dream.11x
@dream.11x
Grammar
for , since اﻟﻔﺮق ﺑﻴﻦ
An event that happened in the The time when the event
past and continues to the started and it continue
present until now
. ( اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ) ﻟﻤﺪة ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﻔﺘﺮة اﻟﺰﻣﻨﻴﺔ ) وﻗﺖ ﻣﺤﺪد
(
- She has been married for - I have been driving since
3 years. 8 AM
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Grammar
أﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑـ toواﻟﻤﺼﺪر ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ اﻻﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ
Followed By To + Infinitive
ﻫﻨﺎك أﻓﻌﺎل ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ب+ toﻓﻌﻞ آﺧﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺪر ،وﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ:
أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﺘﻔﻜﻴﺮ واﻟﺸﻌﻮر:
ﻣﺜﻞ ) chooseﻳﺨﺘﺎر decide،ﻳﻘﺮر expect،ﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ forget،ﻳﻨﺴﻰ hate،ﻳﻜﺮه
hope،ﻳﺄﻣﻞ intend،ﻳﻨﻮي learn،ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻢ like،ﻳﺤﺐ love،ﻳﺤﺐ mean،ﻳﻘﺼﺪ
plan،ﻳﺨﻄﻂ prefer،ﻳﻔﻀﻞ remember ،ﻳﺘﺬﻛﺮ(
أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻘﻮل:
ﻣﺜﻞ ) agreeﻳﻮاﻓﻖ promise،ﻳﻮﻋﺪ refuse،ﻳﺮﻓﺾ(
أﻓﻌﺎل اﺧﺮى ﺷﺎﺋﻌﺔ:
ﻣﺜﻞ ) arrangeﻳﺮﺗﺐ attempt،ﻳﺴﻌﻰ fail،ﻳﻔﺸﻞ help،ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪ manage،ﻳﺪﻳﺮ tend،
ﻳﻤﻴﻞ
try،ﻳﺤﺎول want،ﻳﺮﻳﺪ(
أﻓﻌﺎل ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ ﺑﺈﺳﻢ )ﻣﻔﻌﻮل( ﺛﻢ toواﻟﻤﺼﺪر ،وﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ إﻟﻰ:
أﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻘﻮل:
ﻣﺜﻞ ) adviseﻳﻨﺼﺢ ask،ﻳﺴﺄل encourage،ﻳﺸﺠﻊ invite،ﻳﺪﻋﻮ order،ﻳﻄﻠﺐ persuade،
ﻳﻘﻨﻊ
remind،ﻳﺬﻛﺮ tell،ﻳﺨﺒﺮ warn،ﻳﺤﺬر(
أﻓﻌﺎل أﺧﺮى:
) expectﻳﺘﻮﻗﻊ intend،ﻳﻨﻮي prefer،ﻳﻔﻀﻞ want،ﻳﺮﻳﺪ would like،ﻳﻮد allow ،ﻳﺴﻤﺢ
enable،ﻳﻤﻜﻦ force،ﻳﻮاﺟﻪ get،ﻳﺤﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ teach،ﻳﺪرس(
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Grammar ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺷﻮاذ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘﺎﻋﺪة
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Grammar
quantifiers اﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎت
Many. ﻣﻌﺪود ﻛﺜﻴﺮ
( I have many reasons to be happy ) .
Few. ﻣﻌﺪود ﻗﻠﻴﻞ
( I have few ideas about this topic ) .
Much . اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺪود
(We don’t have much time ) .
Little . اﻟﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺪود
(I speak very little German ) .
Alot of . اﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ) اﻟﻤﻌﺪود و اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺪود
(There is alot of water in the river ) .
Some . ﺑﻌﺾ ) اﻟﻤﻌﺪود و اﻟﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﺪود
(Could you lend me some money? ) .
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Grammar اﻟﺠﻤﻊ
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Grammar اﻟﺠﻤﻊ
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Grammar
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Grammar
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Grammar
Question formation ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ اﻟﺴﺆال
yes or no question
It involves one step referred to as inversion ( the auxiliary is
moved to the left of the subject, auxiliary before the subject
). ﻧﺤﻮل اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ إﻟﻰ ﺳﺆال ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ
past and present continues Verb to be ( a, is, are, was, were )
- she is happy . - Is she happy ?
- The man was waiting here . - Was the man waiting here ?
is , are ....etc اذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﺿﻲ أو ﻣﻀﺎرع ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻪ اﻻﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة
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past and present simple Verb to do ( D, Does, Did)
- I sleep well yesterday. - Did you sleep well yesterday?
- The students go to the lecture . - Do the students go to the lecture?
Do , Does , Did اذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﺿﻲ أو ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺑﺴﻴﻂ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻪ اﻻﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة
past and present perfect Verb to have ( hav, has, had )
- I met Ali before. - Have you met Ali before ?
- I been to London before - Have you ever been to London ?
Have , Has , Had اذا ﻛﺎن ﻣﺎﺿﻲ أو ﻣﻀﺎرع ﺗﺎم ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻣﻌﻪ اﻻﻓﻌﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة
. ﻟﻠﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻻﺳﻢ و اﻟﺼﻔﺔA, Is, Are ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم
Is this a park?
Are you hungry?
. ﻟﻠﺴﺆال ﻋﻦ اﻟﻔﻌﻞDo, Does ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم
Do you watch movies ?
Does she sleep well ?
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Grammar
Cause and effect اﻟﺴﺒﺐ و اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ
1) Before reasons ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ و اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ
because ﻓﺎﻋﻞ و ﻓﻌﻞ و ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ.
Since
For
- She went to the hospital because she was sick .
2) Before results ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ و اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ
therefore ﻓﺎﻋﻞ و ﻓﻌﻞ و ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻪ.
so
Consequently
- It’s too late therefore we can't go to the cinema.
3) In the beginningof the sentence ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ
One effect of ﺛﻢ اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺛﻢ
One consequece of اﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ.
One result of
- One result of pollution is increasing global warming.
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Effect + because of + reason ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺑﻬﺎ ﺣﺮف ﺟﺮ
Effect + due to + reason اﺳﻢ او ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ و ﻻ ﻳﺄﺗﻲ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﺔ
Effect + as a resultof + reason . ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ
- My plants died because of drought.
- The match was cancelled due to the bad weather .
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. ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ
until ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻰ ﺣﺘﻰ
- Some students keep studying until they feel tired.
By اﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎing
- You will be rich by working hard .
ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻨﻔﻲ ﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻔﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﻲ .
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ﺗﺼﺮﻳﻒ
اﻻﻓﻌﺎل
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All the best
( The class
of 2022)
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