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6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page i

Pro PHP-GTK

Scott Mattocks
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page ii

Pro PHP-GTK
Copyright © 2006 by Scott Mattocks
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval
system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner and the publisher.
ISBN-13: 978-1-59059-613-5
ISBN-10: 1-59059-613-7
Printed and bound in the United States of America 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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of a trademarked name, we use the names only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark
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6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page iii

To my wife Cristina:
Thanks for giving me the courage to start this book
and for having the patience to let me finish.
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page iv
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page v

Contents at a Glance

About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

■CHAPTER 1 Introducing PHP-GTK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

■CHAPTER 2 Installing PHP-GTK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
■CHAPTER 3 Understanding PHP-GTK Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
■CHAPTER 4 Handling Events and Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
■CHAPTER 5 Getting an Application Up and Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
■CHAPTER 6 Laying Out Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
■CHAPTER 7 Displaying and Collecting Simple Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
■CHAPTER 8 Using Multiline Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
■CHAPTER 9 Working with Trees and Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
■CHAPTER 10 Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
■CHAPTER 11 Adding Menus and Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
■CHAPTER 12 Adding Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
■CHAPTER 13 Drag-and-Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
■CHAPTER 14 Using Selectors & Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
■CHAPTER 15 Doing Background Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
■CHAPTER 16 Changing the Look and Feel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
■CHAPTER 17 Distributing PHP-GTK Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

■INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347

v
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page vi
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page vii

Contents

About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xv

About the Technical Reviewer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

■CHAPTER 1 Introducing PHP-GTK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

A Real-World Project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
GUI Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
What Is PHP? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Object-Oriented PHP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Exceptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
PHP’s DOM and SOAP Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
What Is GTK? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
What Is PHP-GTK? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Why Use PHP-GTK? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Further Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

■CHAPTER 2 Installing PHP-GTK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Prerequisites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Installing PHP-GTK 2 on Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Installing PHP-GTK 2 on Linux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Using PEAR and PECL Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Installing PEAR Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Installing PECL Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Running PHP-GTK Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

vii
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page viii

viii ■CONTENTS

■CHAPTER 3 Understanding PHP-GTK Basics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Widgets and Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
The GtkObject Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Widgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Parents and Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Top-Level and Parent Widgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Adding and Removing Widgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

■CHAPTER 4 Handling Events and Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Events and Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Signal Handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Interacting with Signal Handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Creating Signal Handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Blocking and Destroying Signal Handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Listening for New Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Using the GtkEventBox Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Adding Events to a Widget . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

■CHAPTER 5 Getting an Application Up and Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Windows and Other Top-Level Widgets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Types of Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Window Decorations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Window Positioning and Sizing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Getting and Setting the Window’s Height and Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Centering a Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Maximizing Windows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Setting the z-Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Modal Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Window Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
The GTK Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Starting the Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Stopping the Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Stepping Through the Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page ix

■CONTENTS ix

■CHAPTER 6 Laying Out Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

The Sample Application Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Setting the Label Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Setting the Border Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Creating Vertical and Horizontal Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Packing Widgets into a Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Nesting Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Button Boxes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Constructing the Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
Attaching Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Tables vs. Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Fixed Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Putting Widgets in a Fixed Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Using Fixed Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
Notebooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Defining the Notebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
Adding, Moving, and Removing Notebook Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Navigating Notebook Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Decorating a Notebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

■CHAPTER 7 Displaying and Collecting Simple Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
Simple Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Complex Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Entry Fields . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Input Box Size and Character Limits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Automatic Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Combo Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Flat Text Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
GtkComboBox with a Custom Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Scale Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Scale Precision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Value Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page x

x ■CONTENTS

Spin Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Standard Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Stock Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

■CHAPTER 8 Using Multiline Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

The Text-Editing Tool Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Text Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Referencing Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Creating Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Moving Marks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Iterators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Creating Iterators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Moving Iterators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Tags and Tag Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Creating Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Adding Tags to the Tag Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Applying and Removing Tags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Text Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
Creating Text Buffers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Adding Text to a Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Removing Text from a Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Copying and Pasting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Text Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Using Multiple Views with a Single Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Scrolling in a View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Setting the Buffer Appearance and Editability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Putting It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
A Multiline Text Display Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
A Text-Editing Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178

■CHAPTER 9 Working with Trees and Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179

Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179
The GtkListStore Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
The GtkTreeStore Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
Model Sorting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
Model Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page xi

■CONTENTS xi

Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
Cell Renderers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
View Columns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Tree Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Row Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
Putting It All Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
The News Article Tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
The Product Tree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

■CHAPTER 10 Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219

Scrolled Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
Setting the Scrollbar Policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Controlling Child Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Setting a Shadow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
View Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
Custom Scrolling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Creating the Scrollbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Creating the Signal Handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230

■CHAPTER 11 Adding Menus and Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
Creating Menu Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
Adding Menus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Creating Menu Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Creating Tear-Off Menus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Creating Context Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Creating a Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Adding Tooltips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Adding Tool Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

■CHAPTER 12 Adding Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Creating an Image Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
Scaling Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Setting Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page xii

xii ■CONTENTS

Animations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Widget Shaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

■CHAPTER 13 Drag-and-Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269

Drag-and-Drop Destinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Setting the Drag Destination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
Handling the drag-data-received Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Drag-and-Drop Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Setting the Drag Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Handling the drag-data-get Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Setting Drag Source Icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

■CHAPTER 14 Using Selectors & Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

Dialogs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Displaying a Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Managing the User’s Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Adding Items to the Top of a Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
Adding Items to the Bottom of a Dialog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Selectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Color Selection Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
Signal Handlers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Color Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
Font Selection Dialogs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
Font Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
File Chooser Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
File Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297
About Dialogs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302

■CHAPTER 15 Doing Background Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303

Progress Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Creating a Progress Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Using set_orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
Iterating the Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page xiii

■CONTENTS xiii

Timeouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Adding a Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Removing a Timeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Idle Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

■CHAPTER 16 Changing the Look and Feel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319

Resource Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Creating an RC File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
Applying the RC File to the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Styles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Modifying a Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
Setting a Background Pixmap for a Style . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332

■CHAPTER 17 Distributing PHP-GTK Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Downloading and Installing an Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Setting Up the Channel Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Creating the Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Updating an Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Checking for Updates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338
Obtaining the User’s Permission to Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340
Performing the Upgrade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Uninstalling an Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
Using PHP Compilers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346

■INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page xiv
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page xv

About the Author

■SCOTT MATTOCKS is a PHP developer with OnForce.com. Scott has been

working with PHP and PHP-GTK for almost his entire career. Not only has
Scott been working with these tools, but he has also been contributing back
to the community in many ways. Scott spent many hours to help improve
the first set of documentation for PHP-GTK and is listed as one of the authors
for the PHP-GTK 2 documentation. He has also contributed several PHP-GTK
classes to PEAR and added code to more traditional PEAR packages such as
PHPUnit and Console_Getargs. Scott can be contacted at scottmattocks@php.
net. Read more about what he’s up to at http://www.crisscott.com.

xv
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page xvi
6137ch00FM.qxd 3/14/06 1:52 PM Page xvii

About the Technical Reviewer

■CHRISTIAN WEISKE is student of Information Technologies in Leipzig, Germany. He has been

a member of the PHP-GTK documentation team for several years and is a regular contributor
to the PEAR project.
In his spare time, Christian works on various PHP-GTK 2 tools, translates programs into his
native German language, and writes articles for PHP Magazine. He also works as a freelancer,
creating PHP-GTK applications for those who need them. You can reach him by email at
[email protected] or at his website, http://www.cweiske.de.

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