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 The Life of the Messenger is a pioneering
work that details the life of the Holy
Prophet of Islam. This text looks into the
life of the Prophet and it weaves an intricate
and complex narrative of the factors which
influenced the struggle for the spread of
Islam. Through extensive research, Shaykh
Rasul Ja'farlyan has been able to craft
together many details which were not widely
known before. This is the first time that a f %1.
book of this caliber and depth has been
translated and it constitutes one of the most
detailed Ja'fari researched biographies of the
Holy Prophet in the English language.

FbEI
mm
KrL,CC°kLTE,C0TINVES
ISBN 9798639375286
90000

9 798639 375286
 THE LIFE OF THE
MESSENGER
(Part One)

A Look at the Social and Political Life

of the Prophet Muhammad

Written by: Shaykh Rasul Ja6fariyan

Translated by: Sayyid Ali Musawl

Copyright 2020 Sayyid Ali Musawi

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced

in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means,
including information storage and retrieval systems,
without permission in writing from the publisher, except by
reviewers, who may quote brief passages in a review.

Library of Congress Control Number 1435651:1

Printed and bound in the United States of America

First Printing- April 2020

Published by Noor Collective Publications

PO Box 500862
San Diego, California, USA 92150

Visit www.NoorCollective.org
 Preface and Acknowledgments

-By Sayyid Ali Musawi

In the name of God, the All-Beneficent, the Ever Merciful

Although this book began as a project many long years

ago, it has finally reached completion during this final
night of Sha‘ban, in the year 1441 (April 24, 2020).
Tomorrow will be the first of the blessed month of
Ramadan. We thank God for his blessings which weigh
heavy on us and we ask that he guides us in his path and
allows us to be more perfect in serving him. Truly, nothing
is possible except through God.
I would like to extend my gratitude and thanks to my
parents, who have been so integral all these years in teaching
and guiding me. I would also like to thank everyone who
has been a part of this journey thus far, particularly my
teachers in the religious seminary of Qum, Iran. My years
there proved invaluable to who I am today and I would not
trade them for anything in this world. I would also like to
thank the members of the Noor Collective in San Diego,
California for creating the platform which inspired this
publication. Finally, I would like to thank Issa D. for his
help in the final editing of this manuscript, as well as
Haider al-Shaher for his work on the cover page. May we all
be worthy one day to call ourselves the true followers of the
Messenger and his holy family...

Sayyid Ali Musawl

April 24, 2020
San Diego, California
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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
The Life of the Messenger......................................................
SECTION ONE.........................................................................
THE PRE- ISLAMIC ERA: THEJAHILIYA.......................
An Introduction into the Pre-Islamic Era..............................
Section Two:.............................................................................. . 5
The Political and Social Circumstances of the Pre-Islamic
Arabs 5
Their Domestic Situation and their Relationship with
Foreign Powers................................................................... 7
The Nature of the Clan......................................................... 9
City Life and Bedouin Life................................................... 19
Political Pacts between the Tribes...................................... 24
War and Strife among the Tribes....................................... 28
The Tribe of the Quraysh..................................................... 3。
The Fame of the Quraysh.................................................... . 33
Section Three:...........................................................................
Religion and Faith during the Pre-Islamic Era................... 41
Religion and Faith in the Arabian Peninsula................ 43
The Religion of Abraham.................................................... 49
The Hunafa5 of the Arabian Peninsula............................ 5i
Polytheism in the Arabian Peninsula.............................. 54
The Partners of God.............................................................. 5»
Polytheists and their Beliefs on the Afterlife................. 6o
The Kaaba and the Religious Life of the People........... 6o
The Religious Code of the Arabs...................................... 63
How Firm were the Polytheistic Arabs in their Religious
Beliefs?................................................................... 65
Judaism in the Arabian Peninsula....................... 69
Christianity in the Arabian Peninsula............... 74
Section Four:.............................................................. 79
Culture and Learning during the Pre-Islamic Era 79
Culture and Learning.............................................. 81
Reading and Writing in the Pre-Islamic Era… 81
Oratory and Poetry..................................... . 86
The Knowledge of Genealogy.................... 91
Ulm al-Ayyam— Knowledge of the Days 94
The Cultural Dominance of the ‘People of the Book’ ....95
Section Five:........................................... 101
The Beginning of Islam....................... 101
The Beginning of the Revelation.... 103
First Steps in the Spread of Islam... 111
The Historical Role of the Prophet 125
1- The Relationship of the Prophet with the Quraysh and
the Rest of the Arabs................................................ 126
2- The Religious Background of the Prophet........ 129
3- The UmmI Prophet................................................... 138
5- The Prophet’s Ethics................................................. 139
6- The Prophet: The Possessor of Strong Will and
Determination (U1 al-(Azm).................................. 148
Section Six:........................................................................ x53
The Reaction of the Polytheists to Islam.................... 153
The Reaction of the Polytheists to Islam................ 155
1- Compromise............................................................... 156
2- The Psychological Tactics of the Polytheists ..… 162
3- The Political Attacks of the Quraysh.................. 167
4- Physical Attacks on the Prophet........................... 170
5- An Attempt at Rational Argument against the
Prophet........................................................................ 174
The Historical Role of the Quran................................ 179
1- The Effects of the Quranic Verses......................... 179
2- The Historical Effects of the Gradual Revelation of the
Quran 189
3- The Effectiveness of the Quran in Reviving Thought in
the Pre-Islamic Society 192
4- Defending the Oppressed: A Primary Teaching of the
Quran.......................................................................... 198
The Struggle of the Polytheists against the Quran 200
The Invitation towards Islam and its Various Stages. •208
 The Social, Political, and Intellectual Atmosphere of Mecca
and its Effects on the Growth of Islam 214
An Intellectual and Ideological Vacuum in the Pre-Islamic
Society..................................................................................... 220
A Vacuum of Laws in the Pre-Islamic Society............ 224
A Vacuum of Morality and Ethics in the Pre-Islamic
Society..................................................................................... 225
The Central Nature of Mecca....................................... 226
The Morals of the Pre-Islamic Arabs............................ 230
 SECTION ONE

THE PRE - ISLAMIC ERA:

THE JAHILIYA
An Introduction into the Pre-Islamic Era
The pre-Islamic era, known simply as the Jahillyah, began
approximately 150 to 200 years before the Bi‘thah of the
Prophet (s).* The Bi(thah of the Prophet— the point in time
when he began to actively preach Islam— began when he was
around 40 years old, in the year 610 A.D. When we examine
our sources, we only have authentic historical reports going
back as far as the ‘Year of the Elephant/ which took place
40 years before the Bi'thah. There are various works of
poetry dating back some 200 years before the Bi(thah，but
the authenticity of these works is questionable. In terms of
the history of the Arabs before this time, there is only one
written historical account, and that is the Qpnm’s narration
of the coming of Abraham, Isma'll, and Hajar to a valley
without any vegetation3— this being a reference to Mecca.;
The Torah contains a similar narration, but its historical
authenticity cannot be relied upon.
The term Jahillyah was first used in the Holy Quran to
refer to the era before the coming of Islam. However, the
Quran did not specify a specific geographical area to which
the Jahillyah is confined. The Quran has clarified that any
incorrect action is considered Jdhill in nature and therefore,
the geographical scope of the World ofJahillyah* can
include Iran, Rome, or any other country, for that matter.
The word Jahillyah is related to the Arabic word Jahl,
which means ignorance. However, this is not a reference to
just a lack of knowledge, since it is possible to have

1 Tarlkh al-Adab al-*ArabI Al-cAsr al-Jahili, p. 38. The narrations found in various
Islamic sources in regards to the pre-Islamic era go back to about 150 years before the
rise oflslam. Refer to: AI-Mufasal, vol. 1, p. 73.
2 Surah Ibrahim, verse 37.
3 It is possible that the story of *Ashab al-Ukhdud* also relates to the pre-Islamic
Christian Arabs.
knowledge but still remain in a state ofJahl. In order to
fully understand the meaning of this word, let us take a
look at various examples of how it was used during that
time. The first examples of this word can be found in verses
of the Quran. Let’s take a look at how it was used in the
following four verses:

33:33 Remain in your homes, and do not display your

adornments, as was the case with the earlier Age of
Ignorance...1

3:154 another party cared only for themselves, thinking

false thoughts about God, thoughts fit for the Age of
Ignorance.

5:50 Do they seek the law of [pagan] ignorance? But who

is better than Allah in judgement for a people firm in faith?

48:26 When the unbelievers planted in their hearts

zealotry, the zealotry of pagan ignorance …

The use of the word Jahillyah in these verses shows that the
Quran has condemned certain actions of the pre-Islamic era
which were not in line with Quranic principles and has
referred to them as Jahillyah/Th.t Quran has condemned the
aforementioned adornments, ideas, and laws as being Jahili
in nature, much like it has condemned the tribal zealotry and
prejudice that existed in the pre-Islamic society. All of these
things were rooted in a lack of understanding and logic.
The Nahj al-Balaghah has used the words Jahili and
Jahillyahy as well. In one instance, Imam cAll (ca) warns people
of the Jahillyah which the Umayyads are going to manifest in
the future.2 In another narration, he cautions people from

1 Surah Ahzab, Verse 33.

2 Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 93.
following impious rulers who base their principles on
prejudice, arrogance, and the sword.* Elsewhere, he warns
people from being Jahil, lacking proper knowledge in
religion, and not contemplating upon God.j From these
examples, it is clear that actions and ideologies which are
based on ignorance and a lack of understanding, and which
are against the principles of the Quran, are counted as Jahill
in nature.
Jahl has also been explained as referring to people who are
ignorant about God, his Prophet (s), and the divine religion,
and who take baseless pride in their ancestors and live in
arrogance.? One writer mentions: “It appears that the word
Jahl has a meaning which involves anything that goes against
knowledge and science— it is immaterial whether this is
against the knowledge of God, the knowledge of various
physical sciences, or even the acknowledgement of personal
responsibility— all of these are considered as forms ofJahl.y^

1 Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 191.

2 Nahj al-Balaghah, Sermon 166.
3 Refer to: Lisan al-*Arab wa Majma‘ al-Bahrayn Dhll Mawrid.
4 AI-Tahqiq Fl Kalamat al-Quran, vol. 2, p. 20.
3
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