TENJET – 2025

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.)

451/1 – COMPUTER STUDIES – PAPER 1 – (Theory)
JULY 2025 TIME: 2½ Hours
Name: ………………………………………Index No: ………………………

Candidate’s Signature: ………………… Date: ……………………………

Instructions to candidates
a) Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
c) This paper consists of TWO sections: A and B.
d) Answer all questions in section A.
e) Answer question 16 and any other three questions from section B
f) All answers should be written in the spaces provided after every question.
g) This paper consists of 11 printed pages.
h) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages
are printed as indicated and that no question is missing.

For Examiner’s Use Only

Maximum Candidate’s
Section Question
Score Score
A 1-15 40

16 15

15
B
15

15

Total Score 100

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SECTION A (40 marks)

Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. Explain the term procedural language as used in computer programming. (2 marks)

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2. A company allows employees to telework work at home and communicate with the office
using internet.
(i) State three ways that a report could be sent to the office using the internet.
(3 marks)

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(ii) Give two benefits to the company of using video conferencing. (2 marks)

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3. List two types of job opportunities that are available in the field of computer software.
(2 marks)

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4. Describe three ways of deleting a line of text in Microsoft word document. (3 marks)

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5. Explain holistic thinking with respect of system development. (2 marks)

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6. Give three features of good algorithm. (3 marks)

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7. List three human features used in biometric systems installed in a computer to

authenticate users. (3 marks)

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8. List three uses of DVDs. (3 marks)

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9. State the function of each of the following. (4 marks)

(a) Network Interface Card

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(b) Modem

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(c) Repeaters

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10. What is input validation with regard to spreadsheet application. (2 marks)

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11. Explain three health challenges that workers may experience as a result of using ICT
gadgets in an organization. (3 marks)
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12. Identify two circumstances under which a system analyst may prefer to use automated
methods to collect data instead of questionnaire, observation, interviews and book
review. (2 marks)
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13. Explain the following measures against unauthorized access: (2 marks)

(a) Security policy
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(b) Security monitor

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14. Briefly explain two types of logical topologies. (2 marks)

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15. What does gutter mean in relation to column setting in DTP. (2 marks)

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SECTION B (60 marks)

Answer question 16 and any other three questions in this section in the spaces provided.
16. (a) State the three basic types of program control structures. (3 marks)

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(b) Define the following terms:

(i) Hardware oriented (2 marks)

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(ii) Translator (2 marks)

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(iii) Syntax error (2 marks)

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(c) Study the following flowchart diagram.

(i) Indicate the purpose of the above flowchart. (1 mark)

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(ii) Design a pseudocode for the flowchart above. (5 marks)

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17. (a) State two ways of representing signed binary number in computers. (2 marks)

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(b) Convert each of the following numbers system.

(i) 0.78125 10 to binary (2 marks)

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(ii) 3A916 to Octal (2 marks)

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(c) Perform the following binary operation. (3 marks)

1010.11 + 111.10 - 101.11

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(d) Using one’s complement, perform the following binary arithmetic leaving the
answer decimal notation. 1710 - 4510 (6 marks)

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18. (a) Study the table below and answer the questions that follow.

A B C D E F G
Product Received Sold Balance Unit
1 Product ID Total
Name Quantity Quantity Stalk Price
2 KW00012 KDF 1000 300 700 60
3 KW00023 Juice Kola 200 150 50 50
4 KW00045 Gaddafi 130 130 0 10
5 KW00029 Bread 400 200 200 50
Trade
6 10%
Discount
7 VAT 16%

(i) Write down the formula that:

I. Calculates the balance stock (2 marks)

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II. Calculates the total cost (2 marks)

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(ii) Given that customers who purchased Juice Kola were allowed 10% trade
discount write a formula that would be used to get the total cost. (2 marks)
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(iii) Value added Tax of 16% was imposed on Gaddafi write a formula for the
new price. (3 marks)
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(b) Describe three hardware related factors that one need to consider before installing
an operating system. (3 marks)
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(c) List three things that may cause malfunction in Microsoft Windows Operating
System environment. (3 marks)
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19. (a) What is an Artificial Neural Network? (2 marks)

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(b) Give two features of Neural Networks. (2 marks)

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(c) Explain the following conditions

(i) Computer vision syndrome (CVS) (2 marks)

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(ii) Repetitive strain injury (RSI) (2 marks)

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(d) Explain the role of environmental protection agency (EPA) (2 marks)

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(e) Describe three impacts of ICT on employment. (3 marks)

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(f) State two roles of a system analyst. (2 marks)

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20. (a) List two types of fields in a database use to create relationship between multiple
tables. (2 marks)

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(b) Describe three types of relationships used in a database to link multiple tables.
(3 marks)
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(c) Describe the following field data types as used in Databases

(i) Calculated (2 marks)
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(ii) Attachment (2 marks)

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(d) Name two power related problems that usually affect the running of a computer
in a lab. (2 marks)
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(e) (i) What is a toggle key? (1 mark)

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(ii) Give three examples of toggle keys. (3 marks)

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 TENJET – 2025
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (K.C.S.E.)
451/2 – COMPUTER STUDIES – PAPER 2 – (Practical)
JULY 2025 TIME: 2½ Hours

Instructions to Candidates
a) Indicate your name and index number at the top right hand corner of each
printout.
b) Write your name and index number on the CD/Removable storage medium
provided
c) Write the name and version of the software used for each question attempted
in the printouts.
d) This paper consists of two questions.
e) Answer both questions.
f) Each question carries 50 marks.
g) Burn your softcopy into a rewriteable CD, label the CD appropriately with
your name and index number.
h) Passwords should not be used while saving in the CD/Removable medium
storage provided.
i) Arrange your printouts and tie/staple them together.
j) Hand in all the printouts and the CD/Removable storage medium used
k) This paper consists of 5 printed pages
l) Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that all the pages
are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing.
For Examiner’s Use Only
Question Maximum Candidate’s
Score Score
1 50

2 50

Total

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1. Employees of SBN Company are paid salaries which comprise of Basic salary, house
allowance and medical allowances. The gross salary of each employee is calculated as
the total of the three payment categories.
Below is a list of allowances and basic salaries for ten employees in the month of MAY
2025.
MEDICAL ALLOWANCE HOUSE ALLOWANCE BASIC SALARY

MURTAZA 5,000 10,000 20,000

WASIM 3,000 8,000 16,000

MWANGI 3,500 8,000 16,000

ISHO 6,000 12,000 25,000

MITESH 2,500 6,500 12,000

MITHEU 2,500 6,500 12,000

KRISHNA 7,000 15,000 30,000

MBUGUA 3,500 8,000 16,000

BENARD 3,500 8,000 16,000

(a) Using the above information, design an appropriate spreadsheet and enter the given
sample data. Give the spreadsheet an appropriate title and save at SBN-1.
(12 marks)

(b) Calculate the gross salary for each employee. Label it appropriately on the
spreadsheet. Write the formula used for Murtaza’s gross salary, on the sheet
provided. (6 marks)

(c) Fatuma Ndeche joined the company at management level and was paid 20% Basic
salary more than Krishna was paid. If her medical allowance and house allowance
was calculated at 30% and 50% of her basic salary respectively, calculate and fill
a record for Fatuma Ndeche on the spreadsheet. Write the formulae used on the
answer sheet provided. Save the spreadsheet as SBN-2 (6 marks)
(d) Calculate the average of basic, house allowance and medical allowance for the
employees. Label these averages appropriately and write the formula used to
calculate the average for basic salary on the answer sheet provided. Save the
spreadsheet as SBN-3 (7 marks)

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(e) Count all the employees whose house allowance is above Ksh. 10,000 and place
your results in an empty cell. Label the result appropriately. Write the formula used
on the answer sheet provided. (6 marks)

(f) The company would like you to help them sort out the employees in the
management from others. By labeling a column STATUS, generate the appropriate
status for each employee given that those who earn a basic salary above Ksh.
20,000 are in the management while others are Junior staff. Write on the answer
sheet provided the function you used for Krishna. Save the spreadsheet as SBN-4.
(6 marks)

(g) Plot a line graph of employees against gross salary. Add a title and label both axes
appropriately. Place the graph in a new worksheet. Save your work as SBN-5.
(5 marks)

(h) Print SBN-2, SBN-3, SBN-4, SBN-5. (2 marks)

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2. (a) A hospital uses a database to maintain data about its employees. Create a database
file named EMPLOYEES. (1 mark)
(b) Create a table called EMPLOYEE 1 with the following fields and hence enter data
into it as shown in fig 1 below. NB: Choose an appropriate primary key.
(14 marks)
• EMP NO
• EMP NAME
• DATE OF BIRTH
• DEPARTMENT
• BASIC PAY
Fig 1
Emp Name Date of birth Department Gross pay

01 John Kirui 16/2/1972 Computer 28000

02 Margaret Wairimu 2/2/1960 Medical 30000

03 Jane Cherono 2/5/1970 Management 15000

04 Victor Oduor 8/12/1981 Accounts 25000

05 Harry Wanyama 23/6/1983 Medical 30000

06 Jacob Kiprono 19/4/1973 Management 45000

07 Ali Mohammed 1/1/1969 Medical 30000

08 Daniel Omondi 3/5/1983 Accounts 25000

09 EverlyneKitune 11/3/1971 Medical 20000

10 Nancy Kerubo 22/9/1980 Medical 20000

(c) (i) Insert Two new fields to hold the employee’s Profession and deductions.
(5 marks)
(ii) Data for included fields is as follows;
Profession
Mohammed, Wanyama and Wairimu are Doctors. Oduor, Kitune and
Omondi are accountants. Kiprono is an Administrator, Kirui is a systems
analyst and Cherono is a secretary. Kerubo is a Nurse.

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Deductions
Emp no Amount

07, 05, 02 8,000

04, 08 7,500
06 10,000
01 12,000
03 3,500
09, 10 4,000

Enter the above data into the respective fields. (5 marks)

(iii) Sort the records in ascending order based on the name field and save as
EMPLOYEE 2. (3 marks)

(d) (i) From EMPLOYEE 2, extract a list of employees who were born between
1960 and 1972 both years inclusive and are accountants, nurses or doctors.
Write down on paper provided the query expression you used to extract the
data. Save the Query as LIST1 Query. (8 marks)

(ii) Remove the DATE OF BIRTH and PROFESSION criteria on LIST1 Query.
Add a calculated field called NET PAY to calculate the Net pay of all
employees as Basic Pay – Deductions. Save as LIST2 Query. (5 marks)

(e) Generate a grouped, columnar report based on LIST2 Query with the following
fields; Emp no, Name, Department and Net Pay. Sum up the Net Pay for all
employees in the report. Save your report as REPORT. (6 marks)

(f) Print EMPLOYEE1, EMPLOYEE2, LIST1, LIST 2 and REPORT.

(5 marks)

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