PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES
(SIMPLE & COMPLEX DEVICES)
SAMRA SAJJAD, SAIMA MUKHTAR, SANA AFZAL
Programmable Logic
Devices
Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs) are versatile integrated circuits
that allow users to customize their logic functions. They have gained
popularity in various applications due to their flexibility and
programmability.
Simple Programmable Logic
Devices (SPLDs)
Basic digital circuits with programmable logic functions.
Types:
1. PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory): Stores fixed truth
tables.
2. PLA (Programmable Logic Array): Offers programmable AND/OR
planes.
3. PAL (Programmable Array Logic): Fixed OR plane, programmable
AND plane.
Applications:
Used for basic combinational logic tasks like decoders, multiplexers, and
small control circuits.
Advantages:
Cost-effective, easy to program, ideal for simple designs.
COMPLEX PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
DEVICES (CPLDs)
Definition: CPLD is a programmable digital device used to implement logic functions and complex digital circuits. It
consists of a number of programmable logic blocks (macrocells) connected via a programmable interconnect matrix.
Structure:
• Macrocells: Contains combinational logic (AND, OR gates) and flip-flops for sequential logic.
• Interconnect Matrix: Routes signals between macrocells to form larger logic circuits.
Advantages:
• Reprogrammable: Can be reprogrammed to perform different functions.
• Fast & Predictable Timing: Ideal for timing-critical applications.
• Moderate Complexity: Sits between simple PLDs and FPGAs in terms of complexity and gate count.
Applications:
Used in control systems, communication devices, and digital system prototyping for moderate logic requirements.
Field Programmable Gate
Arrays (FGPA)
An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a flexible, reprogrammable electronic
chip used to implement custom digital circuits.
Key Features
1.Configurable Logic Blocks (CLBs) 2. Programmable Interconnects
3. I/O Blocks 4. Embedded Memory
5. Reconfigurability
Programming and Configuration
of PLDs
Hardware Description Language (HDL)
PLDs are programmed using specialized languages like Verilog or
VHDL. These languages provide a way to describe the desired logic
behavior.
Synthesis
The HDL code is converted into a circuit representation through a
process called synthesis. This process determines the specific logic
gates and connections required to implement the design.
Configuration
The synthesized circuit is then loaded into the PLD's internal memory,
configuring its logic functions. This configuration is typically done
using a specialized programming tool.
Application and Feature Trends of
PLDs
1 Increased Logic Density
PLDs are becoming more powerful, with higher logic capacity,
allowing designers to implement more complex and sophisticated
circuits.
2 Advanced Features
Modern PLDs incorporate advanced features, such as embedded
processors, memory blocks, and high-speed interfaces, expanding
their capabilities and versatility.
3 Growing Applications
PLDs are finding applications in new areas, such as artificial
intelligence, machine learning, and autonomous systems.
Arduino Kit of Programmable Logic
Devices
Microcontrollers Breadboard
Arduino kits often incorporate Breadboards are prototyping tools that allow
microcontrollers, which are small, users to easily connect and test electronic
programmable computers that can control components. They provide a flexible and
various devices and sensors. convenient way to build circuits.
Sensors LEDs
Arduino kits often include sensors that can LEDs are light-emitting diodes that can be
detect various environmental factors, such used to create visual outputs in Arduino
as temperature, light, or distance. projects. They are commonly used in
projects that involve visual signaling or
lighting effects.
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SHIFT REGESTERS
PRESENTED BY:
BISMA ZAINAB
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PARALLEL-IN-PARALLEL-OUT SHIFT
RRGISTER(PIPO)
• The shift register, which allows parallel input (data is given separately to each
flip flop and in a simultaneous manner) and also produces a parallel output is
known as Parallel-In Parallel-Out shift register. The logic circuit given below
shows a parallel-in-parallel-out shift register. The circuit consists of four D
flip-flops which are connected. The clear (CLR) signal and clock signals are
connected to all 4 flip-flops. In this type of register, there are no
interconnections between the individual flip-flops since no serial shifting of
the data is required. Data is given as input separately for each flip flop and in
the same way, output is also collected individually from each flip flop.
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CLK Pulse QA QB Qc QD (Data Output)
0 z 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1
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APPLICATIONS
The PIPO shift register is mainly used to add time delay to digital circuits.
Shift registers are used for converting data and also to shift the data from left to
right and right to left.
It is used for storing the data.
These types of shift registers are also used for data storage, manipulation &
data transfer.
• This is a temporary storage device where both data loading & retrieval
processes take place within the parallel mode
THANK YOU
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