`

Index…………………………………………………………. 1
Unit Eight …………………………………………………………………… 2
Grammar The passive ……………………..……………………………………… 2
Grammar The Impersonal passive..……………………………….………… 16
Vocabulary …………………………..……………………………………………….… 22
Speaking……………………………………………………………….………………….. 23
Vocabulary Synonyms …………………………………………….……………….. 26
Reading & Vocabulary………………………………………………………………. 30
Listening & Vocabulary……………………………………………………………. 34
Writing ……………………………………………….……………………………………. 40
Revision ………………………………………………………………………..…………. 46
Word list…….…………………………………………………………….………………. 49
Life Skills…..…………………………………………………………….………………. 50
Unit Nine ...……………………………………………………………….… 52
Grammar If Conditional ………..………………………………………………… 52
Grammar If only / wish ….……………………………………………….……… 62
Vocabulary ……………………………………………………….……………………… 72
Listening & Vocabulary……………………………………………………………. 74
Reading …………………………………………………………………………………... 82
Speaking………………………………………………………………….……………….. 86
Writing …………………………………………………………………………….………. 88
Revision …………………………………………………..………………………………. 92
Word list…….…………………………………………………………………….………. 97

1
 `

Unit Eight

08 Digital perspectives
Unit 8, Lesson 1A The passive ‫المجهـ ـ ـ ـ ــول‬
‫آفاق رقمية‬

The form ‫شكل الفعل‬

The passive is made with a form of be and a past participle.
. Be + Verb3 ‫المجهول يجب ان يكون فيه‬
The agent ‫الفاعل‬
We often use the passive to draw special attention to the agent by moving it
to the end of the sentence. If we mention the agent, we use by.
Active: A British coffee company created ‘Fresh Brew’. (attention on Fresh
Brew) Passive: ‘Fresh Brew’ was created by a British coffee company.
(attention on the company) In the above example, we mention the agent (a
British company) because it is new and important information.
.'by'‫ نستخدم‬،‫ إذا ذكرنا الفاعل‬.‫المبن للمجهول لجذب االنتباه إىل الفاعل بنقله إىل نهاية الجملة‬ ً
‫"غالبا ما نستخدم‬
‫ي‬
‫ ر‬.'Fresh Brew' ‫ قامت رشكة قهوة بريطانية بابتكار‬: ‫ف المعلوم‬
)Fresh Brew ‫(التكت عىل‬
‫(التكت عىل ر‬
)‫الشكة‬ ‫ ر‬.‫' بواسطة رشكة قهوة بريطانية‬Fresh Brew' ‫ تمت ابتكار‬:‫يف المبن للمجهول‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
".‫(شكة بريطانية) ألنه يمثل معلومات جديدة ومهمة‬ ‫ نذكر الفاعل ر‬،‫ف المثال أعاله‬
‫ي‬
We don’t mention the agent if it is: :‫نحن ال نذكر الفاعل يف الحاالت التالية‬
• obvious: A transmitter is worn on the body.
.‫ يتم ارتداء جهاز اإلرسال عىل الجسم‬:‫واضحا‬ ً
‫• إذا كان الفاعل‬
ُ
(We know it is worn by a person.) ).‫(نعلم أنه يرتدى بواسطة شخص‬
• unknown: Maher realised he had been followed.
َ ُ
.‫تاب ًعا‬ ‫ أدرك ماهر أنه كان م‬:‫• إذا كان الفاعل غت معروف‬
(We do not know who followed him.) ).‫(ال نعرف من تابعه‬
• unimportant: It will be shown at the ‘New Inventors’ show.
‫ر‬
."‫"المختعي الجدد‬ ‫ سيتم عرضه يف معرض‬:‫• إذا كان الفاعل غت مهم‬
(Who will show it is not important.) ً
).‫(من سيعرضه ليس مهما‬

Present Simple (Passive)

A transmitter is worn on the body and digital messages are sent via the body’s
electrical field
Active form ‫المعلوم‬
Subject + Verb1/Verb1+s + object + complement ‫األثبــات‬
Subject + don’t /doesn’t + Infinitive + Object + (Complement) ‫النفـ ــي‬
Passive form ‫المجهول‬
Object + is /am/are + past participle (Verb3) + complement + by subject ‫االثبات‬
Object + is /am/are + not+ past participle (Verb3) + complement + by subject ‫النف‬
‫ي‬
• Active: Sarah reads books every evening.
Passive: Books are read every evening by Sarah.

2
 `

1. The chef prepares meals for the guests daily.

Meals …………………………………. daily for the guests by the chef.
2. Ahmad does not play football on Fridays.
Football …………………………………. on Fridays by Ahmad.
3. The manager checks the reports every morning.
a. The reports are checked every morning by the manager.
b. The reports were checked every morning by the manager.
c. The reports are checking every morning by the manager.
2. Lila doesn’t water the plants regularly.
a. The plants aren’t watered regularly by Lila.
b. The plants weren’t watered regularly by Lila.
c. The plants aren’t being watered regularly by Lila.

Present Continuous (Passive)

The invention is being welcomed by coffee-lovers everywhere.
Active form ‫المعلوم‬
Subject + is/am/are + (not) + V-ing + Object + (Complement)
Passive form ‫المجهول‬
Object + is/am/are + (not) + being + P.P(V3) + (Complement) + (by Subject)
• Active: The children are painting the walls now.
Passive: The walls are being painted now by the children.
1. The mechanic is fixing the car.
The car …………………………………. by the mechanic.
2. I am not cleaning the house today.
The house …………………………………. today by me.
3. The team is organizing a big event.
a. A big event is being organized by the team.
b. A big event was organized by the team.
c. A big event is organized by the team.
4. Ali isn’t writing the email now.
a. The email isn’t being written by Ali now.
b. The email wasn’t written by Ali now.
c. The email isn’t written by Ali now.
Past Simple (Passive)
‘Fresh Brew’ was created by British coffee company ‘Beans R Us’.
Active form ‫المعلوم‬
Subject + Verb2 + object + complement ‫األثبــات‬
Subject + didn’t + Infinitive + Object + (Complement) ‫النفـ ــي‬
Passive form ‫المجهول‬
Object + was /were + past participle (Verb3) + complement + by subject ‫االثبات‬
Object + was /were + not+ past participle (Verb3) + complement + by subject ‫النف‬
‫ي‬
• Active: The company hired new employees last month.
Passive: New employees were hired last month by the company.

3
 `

1. The storm destroyed several houses.

Several houses …………………………………. by the storm.
2. They didn’t finish the task on time.
The task …………………………………. on time by them.
3. The police arrested the suspect.
a. The suspect was arrested by the police.
b. The suspect is arrested by the police.
c. The suspect was being arrested by the police.
4. She didn’t break the vase.
a. The vase wasn’t broken by her.
b. The vase hasn’t been broken by her.
c. The vase wasn’t being broken by her.

Past Continuous (Passive)

When we last heard, the ‘mirror’ was still being developed in a lab in France.
Active form ‫المعلوم‬
Subject + was/were + (not) + V-ing + Object + (Complement)
Passive form ‫المجهول‬
Object + was/were + (not) + being + P.P (Verb3)+ (Complement) + (by Subject)
• Active: The workers were repairing the bridge.
Passive: The bridge was being repaired by the workers.
1. The cat was chasing the mouse.
The mouse …………………………………. by the cat.
2. He wasn’t writing the letter.
The letter …………………………………. by him.
3. The students were cleaning the classroom.
a. The classroom was being cleaned by the students.
b. The classroom is being cleaned by the students.
c. The classroom was cleaned by the students.
4. They weren’t building the new library.
a. The new library wasn’t being built by them.
b. The new library wasn’t built by them.
c. The new library isn’t being built by them.

Present Perfect (Passive)

Once a profile of your lifestyle has been built up …
Active form ‫المعلوم‬
Subject + have/has + (not) + P.P(Verb3) + Object + (Complement)
Passive form ‫المجهول‬
Object + have/has + (not) + been + P.P(Verb3) + (Complement)
• Active: The students have completed the project.
Passive: The project has been completed by the students.

4
 `

1. The artist has painted a beautiful portrait.

A beautiful portrait …………………………………. by the artist.
2. They haven’t solved the problem yet.
The problem …………………………………. yet by them.
3. Scientists have discovered a new planet.
a. A new planet has been discovered by scientists.
b. A new planet was discovered by scientists.
c. A new planet is being discovered by scientists.
4. The chef hasn’t cooked the special dish.
a. The special dish hasn’t been cooked by the chef.
b. The special dish wasn’t cooked by the chef.
c. The special dish hasn’t been cooking by the chef.

Past Perfect (Passive)

When Aisha realised she had been followed to her front door, she quickly phoned
the police.
Active form ‫المعلوم‬
Subject + had + (not) + P.P(Verb3) + Object + (Complement)
Passive form ‫المجهول‬
Object + had + (not) + been + P.P(Verb3) + (Complement)

• Active: The team had completed the task before the deadline.
Passive: The task had been completed by the team before the deadline.
1. The thief had stolen the jewels.
The jewels …………………………………. by the thief.
2. They hadn’t delivered the package.
The package …………………………………. by them.
3. She had prepared the documents before the meeting.
a. The documents had been prepared by her before the meeting.
b. The documents had prepared by her before the meeting.
c. The documents were prepared by her before the meeting.
4. They hadn’t fixed the car.
a. The car hadn’t been fixed by them.
b. The car wasn’t fixed by them.
c. The car hadn’t been being fixed by them.

5
 `

Future Simple (Passive)

Modals
It can be switched on by text message. Music and games could be downloaded
in seconds. It should not be used as protection from wild animals.
It is going to be shown at the ‘New Inventors’ show next month
A computer shows how your appearance will be affected in future
Active form ‫المعلوم‬
Subject + modal + (not) + Infinitive + Object + (Complement)
Passive form ‫المجهول‬
Object + modal + (not) + be + P.P(Verb3) + (Complement) + (by Subject)
• Active: The engineer can design the new building.
Passive: The new building can be designed by the engineer.
1. They must follow the rules.
The rules …………………………………. by them.
2. We shouldn’t ignore safety measures.
Safety measures …………………………………. by us.
3. They can finish the project on time.
a. The project can be finished on time by them.
b. The project is finished on time by them.
c. The project can finish on time by them.
4. You mustn’t touch these wires.
a. These wires mustn’t be touched by you.
b. These wires shouldn’t be touched by you.
c. These wires mustn’t touch by you.

The passive infinitive

There’s one drawback: it needs to be filled with coffee and water first.
The company expects their invention to be launched next year.
ّ
:‫يتكون من‬
to + be + ‫( الترصيف الثالث للفعل‬past participle).
.‫التكت عىل الفعل أو الحدث نفسه وليس عىل الشخص الذي يقوم به‬ ‫يستخدم عندما نريد ر‬
1. It needs to be filled with coffee and water first.
"to be filled".‫مبن للمجهول‬ ‫مصدر ي‬ ‫" جاء بعده‬needs" ‫الفعل‬ ▪
‫ر‬ ُ
.‫تعن أن اآللة تحتاج إىل أن تمأل (بالماء والقهوة) وليس التكت عىل من سيقوم بذلك‬
‫الجملة ي‬ ▪
2. The company expects their invention to be launched next year.
"to be launched".‫مبن للمجهول‬ ‫" جاء بعده مصدر ي‬expects" ‫الفعل‬ ▪
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
.)‫ وليس من سيقوم به‬،‫الشكة تتوقع أن يتم إطالق اختاعهم العام القادم (التكت عىل اإلطالق‬‫الجملة تعن أن ر‬ ▪
‫ي‬
1. The book needs …………………….. before tomorrow.
a) to read b) to be read c) to have read
2. The project is expected …………………….. next month.
a) to finish b) to be finished c) to finishing

6
 `

The passive gerund

It’s a ‘must have’ if you are worried about being attacked.
Nobody likes being told about their bad habits, especially by a computer!
ّ
:‫يتكون من‬
being + ‫( الترصيف الثالث للفعل‬past participle).
‫يستخدم عندما نريد ر‬
‫ مثل‬gerund ‫التكت عىل وقوع الحدث (وليس الفاعل) يف حاالت تتطلب صيغة الـ‬
gerund.‫الن يتبعها‬‫ر‬
‫استخدامه بعد األفعال أو التعبتات ي‬

1. It’s a ‘must-have’ if you are worried about being attacked.

".‫ويعن "أن يتم مهاجمتك‬
‫ي‬ ‫" هو اسم فعل ي‬being attacked" ‫التعبت‬
،‫مبن للمجهول‬ ▪
.‫التكت عىل حالة "التعرض للهجوم" وليس عىل الشخص الذي قد يهاجم‬‫ر‬ ▪
2. Nobody likes being told about their bad habits, especially by a computer!
".‫ويعن "أن يتم إخبارهم‬
‫ي‬ ‫" هو اسم فعل ي‬being ‫ ر‬told" ‫التعبت‬
،‫مبن للمجهول‬ ▪
.‫يختهم‬ ‫ر‬
‫"تلف اإلخبار" وليس عىل الشخص الذي ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫التكت عىل‬ ▪
1. She complained about …………………….. in the meeting.
a) being ignored b) ignored c) be ignored
2. He is proud of …………………….. for his achievements.
a) being awarded b) awarded c) to be awarded

Some verbs are usually followed by the infinitive and others by a gerund form:
ً
:‫بعض األفعال يتبعها عادة المجرد والبعض اآلخر يتبع بصيغة المصدر‬
I require you to be on time. ‫تكون يف الوقت المحدد‬ ‫أحتاجك أن‬
ِّ ُ
I don’t fancy going out tonight. ‫ال أفضل الخروج الليلة‬
When these verbs are used in the passive, the same verb patterns should be
used: ُ
:‫ يجب استخدام نفس األنماط الفعلية‬،‫المبن للمجهول‬ ‫ي‬ ‫صيغة‬ ‫ف‬‫ي‬ ‫األفعال‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ستخدم‬ ‫ت‬ ‫عندما‬
The humans who were required to be in the self-driving car …
I don’t really fancy being monitored at all!
Contexts for the passive ‫المبن للمجهول‬ ‫ي‬ ‫استخدامات‬
We usually avoid the passive in informal language.
ً
.‫المبن للمجهول يف اللغة غت الرسمية‬
‫ي‬ ‫عادة ما نتجنب استخدام‬-
We can use you or they to refer to people in general:
:‫يمكننا استخدام "أنت" أو "هم" لإلشارة إىل الناس بشكل عام‬-
Look! You can switch it on by text message.
They expect to launch the invention next year.
The passive is common in newspaper reports and academic writing because it
makes the style more impersonal and objective.
‫المبن للمجهول شائع ف تقارير الصحف والكتابة األكاديمية ألنه يجعل األسلوب ر‬-
.‫أكت حيادية وموضوعية‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬

7
 ‫`‬

‫‪The passive with two objects‬‬ ‫المجهول مع مفعوالن‬

‫‪Some verbs can have two objects, and either object can become the subject‬‬
‫‪in the passive – it depends where the writer wants to put the focus:‬‬
‫المبن للمجهول‪ ،‬وذلك‬
‫ي‬ ‫بعض األفعال يمكن أن يكون لها مفعوالن‪ ،‬ويمكن ألي منهما أن يصبح الفاعل يف صيغة‬
‫التكت عليه‪:‬‬ ‫يعتمد عىل المكان الذي يريد الكاتب ر‬
‫‪It will show people the consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle.‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫الصح‪.‬‬
‫ي‬ ‫ستظهر للناس عواقب نمط الحياة غت‬
‫‪People will be shown the consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle.‬‬
‫الصح للناس‪.‬‬
‫ي‬ ‫سيتم إظهار عواقب نمط الحياة غت‬
‫‪The consequences of an unhealthy lifestyle will be shown to people.‬‬
‫الصح سيتم إظهاره للناس‪.‬‬
‫ي‬ ‫عواقب نمط الحياة غت‬
‫‪It gives anyone who touches it an electric shock.‬‬
‫يعط أي شخص يلمسه صدمة كهربائية‪.‬‬ ‫ي‬
‫‪Anyone who touches it is given an electric shock.‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫يعط أي شخص يلمسه صدمة كهربائية‪.‬‬
‫‪An electric shock is given to anyone who touches it.‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫تعط صدمة كهربائية ألي شخص يلمسه‪.‬‬
‫‪Other verbs like this are: hand, offer, pay, promise, send, teach.‬‬
‫ه ‪:‬يسلم)‪ ، (hand‬يعرض)‪ ، (offer‬يدفع)‪ ، (pay‬يعد‬ ‫ر‬
‫استخدامها بهذه الطريقة ي‬
‫ُ ّ‬
‫الن يمكن‬
‫األفعال األخرى ي‬
‫)‪ ،(promise‬يرسل)‪ ، (send‬يعلم‪(teach).‬‬

‫للتوضيح‪...‬‬
‫المبن للمجهول‪.‬‬
‫ي‬ ‫عندما يكون الفعل يف الجملة يحتوي عىل مفعولي‪ ،‬يمكن تحويل أي من المفعولي إىل فاعل يف‬
‫التكت المطلوب يف الجملة‪.‬‬ ‫أي أننا نستطيع تشكيل جملتي مختلفتي ف المبن للمجهول حسب ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫المبن للمجهول يمكن أن يتم بطريقتي‪:‬‬
‫ي‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫تحويلها‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫‪،‬‬ ‫ومفعولي‬ ‫إذا كانت الجملة تحتوي عىل فاعل وفعل‬
‫‪ .1‬جعل المفعول األول هو الفاعل الجديد‪.‬‬
‫الثان هو الفاعل الجديد‪ ،‬مع إضافة "‪ "to‬أو "‪ "for‬حسب الفعل‪.‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫‪ .2‬جعل المفعول‬
‫‪):‬المبن للمعلوم( ‪✅ Active‬‬
‫ي‬
‫•‬ ‫قيما(‪The teacher taught the students a valuable lesson.‬‬ ‫درسا ً‬‫)‪ّ .‬علم المعلم الطالب ً‬
‫التكت عىل "الطالب ‪✅ Passive‬‬ ‫‪(":‬المبن للمجهول) – ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫)‪.‬تم تعليم الطالب ً‬
‫درسا ً‬
‫•‬ ‫قيما(‪The students were taught a valuable lesson.‬‬
‫التكت عىل "الدرس ‪✅ Passive‬‬ ‫‪(":‬المبن للمجهول) – ر‬
‫ي‬
‫•‬ ‫)‪.‬تم تعليم درس قيم للطالب( ‪A valuable lesson was taught to the students.‬‬
‫‪):‬المبن للمعلوم( ‪✅ Active‬‬
‫ي‬
‫•‬ ‫)‪.‬عرضوا عليه وظيفة( ‪They offered him a job.‬‬
‫التكت عىل ‪✅ Passive‬‬ ‫‪( "him":‬المبن للمجهول) – ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫ُ‬
‫•‬ ‫)‪.‬عرضت عليه وظيفة( ‪He was offered a job.‬‬
‫التكت عىل "الوظيفة ‪✅ Passive‬‬ ‫‪(":‬المبن للمجهول) – ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫ُ‬
‫•‬ ‫)‪.‬عرضت وظيفة عليه( ‪A job was offered to him.‬‬
‫المباش (الشخص) كفاعل جديد‪ ،‬ال نحتاج إىل "‪ "to‬أو ‪ "for".‬لكن‬ ‫ر‬ ‫✍مالحظة ‪:‬عندما نستخدم المفعول غت‬
‫(الشء)‪ ،‬نضيف "‪ "to‬أو "‪ "for‬حسب الفعل‪.‬‬ ‫ر‬
‫المباش ر‬ ‫عند استخدام المفعول‬
‫ي‬

‫‪8‬‬
 ‫`‬

‫الن تأخذ "‪ "for‬يف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬

‫المبن للمجهول‬‫ي‬ ‫الن تأخذ "‪ "to‬واألفعال ي‬ ‫األفعال ي‬
‫الن تأخذ"‪"to‬‬ ‫ر‬
‫🔹األفعال ي‬
‫المبن للمجهول‪.‬‬ ‫المباش إىل الفاعل يف‬‫ر‬ ‫الن تأخذ مفعولي تحتاج إىل "‪"to‬عند تحويل المفعول‬ ‫بعض األفعال ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ً‬
‫شء إىل شخص آخر‪.‬‬ ‫هذه األفعال غالبا تشت إىل إعطاء أو نقل ي‬
‫أمثلة عىل هذه األفعال‪:‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫)يعط( ‪✅ give‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)يرسل( ‪✅ send‬‬ ‫)يظهر( ‪) ✅ show‬يعرض( ‪✅ offer‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫ُ ّ‬
‫)يخت( ‪✅ tell‬‬‫ر‬ ‫)يبيع( ‪) ✅ sell‬يقرض( ‪✅ lend‬‬ ‫)يعلم( ‪✅ teach‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫)يسلم( ‪✅ hand‬‬ ‫)يدفع( ‪✅ pay‬‬
‫والمبن للمجهول‪:‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫المبن للمعلوم‬ ‫ي‬ ‫أمثلة يف‬
‫ً‬
‫أعطتن كتابا( ‪✅ Active: She gave me a book.‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)‪.‬‬
‫ً‬ ‫ُ‬
‫)‪.‬أعطيت كتابا( ‪): I was given a book.‬المفعول األول كفاعل( ‪✅ Passive‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫الثان كفاعل( ‪✅ Passive‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫‪):‬المفعول‬ ‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪book‬‬ ‫‪was‬‬ ‫‪given‬‬ ‫‪to‬‬ ‫‪me.‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫ىل‬
‫ي‬ ‫كتاب‬ ‫عط‬
‫ي‬ ‫أ‬ ‫)‪.‬‬
‫)‪.‬أرسلوا لها دعوة( ‪✅ Active: They sent her an invitation.‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫)‪.‬أرسلت لها دعوة( ‪): She was sent an invitation.‬المفعول األول كفاعل( ‪✅ Passive‬‬
‫ُ‬
‫الثان كفاعل( ‪✅ Passive‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫‪):‬المفعول‬ ‫‪An‬‬ ‫‪invitation‬‬ ‫‪was‬‬ ‫‪sent‬‬ ‫‪to‬‬ ‫‪her.‬‬ ‫(‬ ‫لها‬ ‫دعوة‬ ‫رسلت‬ ‫أ‬ ‫)‪.‬‬
‫الن تأخذ"‪"for‬‬ ‫ر‬
‫🔹األفعال ي‬
‫المبن للمجهول‪ .‬هذه األفعال‬ ‫ر‬
‫المباش إىل الفاعل يف‬ ‫بعض األفعال األخرى تحتاج إىل "‪"for‬عند تحويل المفعول‬
‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ً‬
‫شء لصالح شخص آخر‪.‬‬ ‫غالبا تشت إىل فعل ي‬
‫أمثلة عىل هذه األفعال‪:‬‬
‫ر‬ ‫‪ّ /‬‬
‫)يشتي( ‪✅ buy‬‬ ‫)يصنع يجهز( ‪✅ make‬‬ ‫)يحرص( ‪✅ get‬‬ ‫)يطبخ( ‪✅ cook‬‬
‫)يجد( ‪✅ find‬‬ ‫)يبن( ‪✅ build‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)يختار( ‪) ✅ choose‬يحجز( ‪✅ book‬‬
‫والمبن للمجهول‪:‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫المبن للمعلوم‬ ‫ي‬ ‫أمثلة يف‬
‫)‪.‬اشتى يىل هدية( ‪✅ Active: He bought me a gift.‬‬ ‫ر‬
‫)‪.‬تم رشاء هدية يىل( ‪): I was bought a gift.‬المفعول األول كفاعل( ‪✅ Passive‬‬
‫الثان كفاعل( ‪✅ Passive‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫أجىل( ‪): A gift was bought for me.‬المفعول‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)‪.‬تم رشاء هدية من‬
‫)‪.‬صنعت له كعكة( ‪✅ Active: She made him a cake.‬‬
‫)‪ُ .‬صنعت له كعكة( ‪): He was made a cake.‬المفعول األول كفاعل( ‪✅ Passive‬‬
‫الثان كفاعل( ‪✅ Passive‬‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)‪.‬تم صنع كعكة له( ‪): A cake was made for him.‬المفعول‬

‫💡قاعدة سهلة لحفظ الفرق بي "‪ "to‬و"‪"for‬‬

‫شء لشخص ما → نستخدم‪"to".‬‬ ‫ر‬
‫‪ .1‬إذا كان الفعل يشت إىل نقل أو إعطاء ي‬
‫‪✅ Give, send, offer, show, tell, lend, sell, teach, hand, pay‬‬
‫شء لصالح شخص آخر → نستخدم‪"for".‬‬ ‫ر‬
‫‪ .2‬إذا كان الفعل يشت إىل فعل ي‬
‫‪✅ Buy, make, get, cook, find, build, book, choose‬‬

‫‪9‬‬
 `

Students Book Page 27 Exercise 4

The passive ‫المجهول‬
4. THINK BACK Identify the tense or grammatical form (e.g. a modal) in each
example from the recording.
َّ َ َ
.‫الماض حدد الزمن أو الشكل النحوي (مثل المودل) يف كل مثال من التسجيل‬
‫ي‬ ‫تفك ْر يف‬
1. Within a decade or so almost every appliance in your house could be
connected.
2. The fridge will be designed to reorder food as you use it.
3. Your front door will use facial recognition software to decide if you should
be allowed into the house or not.
4. Studies are being carried out which claim that it will revolutionise our lives.
5. It has even been referred to as ‘the fourth Industrial Revolution’.
6. Look at the recent crash which was caused by a sensor malfunction in a
self-driving car in the USA.
7. The number of humans who were required to be in the self-driving car had
recently been reduced from two to one.
8. Can you imagine how many accidents are going to be caused by computer
error when no one is watching the road?
Answers
1. a modal 2. Future Simple 3. a modal 4. Present Continuous
5. Present Perfect 6. Past Simple 7. Past Perfect 8. (future with) going to

Students Book Page 27 Exercise 5

5. Look at the sentences in Exercise 4 again and answer the questions.
.‫ مرة أخرى وأجب عن األسئلة‬4 ‫انظر إىل الجمل يف التمرين‬
1. How do we form the passive in each of the sentences?
2. When we use the passive, are we focusing more on the action or on the
person or thing doing the action?
3. Why is the ‘agent’ (the person or thing which causes the action) mentioned
in two sentences?
Answers
1. with the correct form/tense of the verb be + the past participle of the main verb.
2. on the action
3. Because the information given that it was the sensor/computer error that caused
the crash is the most important or newest information. To emphasise this, we use
the passive and put this information at the end (the information principle).

10
 `

Students Book Page 27 Exercise 6

6. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first one,
using infinitive or gerund passive forms.
.‫مبن للمجهول مع المجرد والمصدر‬
‫ باستخدام ال ي‬،‫تعن نفس معن األوىل‬
‫أكمل الجملة الثانية بحيث ي‬
1. It appears that a digital mirror is now available.
A digital mirror now appears………………………..…………………………………………………..
2. You can ask it to check the weather.
The mirror can …………………………………………..………………………………………………………
3. You can arrange for the mirror to turn the water on.
You can arrange for the water…………………….……………………………………………………..
4 You won’t risk a flood in the bathroom because the taps stop automatically.
Because the taps stop automatically, there is no risk of the bathroom……………
………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………
5 The mirror knows that if nobody is in the bathroom, it needs to turn the
lights off.
The mirror knows that if nobody is in the bathroom, the lights……………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
6 I believe most people would enjoy this kind of ‘virtual servant’ looking after
them.
I believe most people would enjoy…………………………. this kind of ‘virtual servant’.
Answers
1. to be available 2. check the weather 3. to be turned on 4. flooding
5. need to be turned off 6. being looked after by

Students Book Page 27 Exercise 7 ‫نشاط‬

Unit 8, Lesson 1A Exercise 7, page 27
1. Explain how you think the smart suitcase is used.
.‫راشح كيف تعتقد أنه يتم استخدام الحقيبة الذكية‬
2. What could go wrong? How could it be improved?
‫خاط؟ وكيف يمكن تحسينها؟‬ ‫ئ‬ ‫ما الذي قد يحدث بشكل‬

11
 `

LESSON 1B VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR

Workbook Page 20 Exercise 1
1. ★ Rewrite the sentences in the passive. ‫المبن للمجهول‬
‫ي‬ ‫أعد كتابة الجملة باستخدام‬
1. This German company manufactures hybrid engines.
Hybrid engines are manufactured by this German company.
2. By 2035, you could embed a chip like this in your wrist.
By 2035, a chip like this……………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Over two million people have downloaded this ‘body tracking’ app.
This ‘body tracking’ app…………………………………………………………………………………….
4. An insect caused the malfunction.
The malfunction…………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Somebody was regularly hacking into celebrities’ smartphones.
Celebrities’ smartphones………………………………………………………………………………….
6. Most people are going to use wearables in the near future.
Wearables………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
Answers
2. could be embedded in your wrist 3. has been downloaded by over two million
people 4. was caused by an insect 5. were being regularly hacked into
6. are going to be used by most people in the near future

Workbook Page 20 Exercise 2

2. ★★ Complete the sentences with by or with. ‫أكمل الجمل بـ‬
‫تستخدم عندما نذكر الشخص أو الجهة ر‬. ُ
1. By: ‫الن قامت بالفعل‬
‫ي‬ ُ
2. With: ‫تستخدم عندما نذكر األداة أو المادة المستخدمة يف الفعل‬.
1. The first real smartphone was created by a famous company.
2. Our household appliances are made…………only the highest quality materials.
3. The original smartwatch was designed…………the inventor, Steve Mann.
4. A device this simple can be operated………… a young child.
5. The sculpture was made…………electronic waste.
Answers
2. with 3. by 4. by 5. with
Workbook Page 20 Exercise 3
3. ★★ Complete the sentences with the correct forms of be.
be ‫أكمل الجمل بالصيغ الصحيحة للفعل‬
1. The burnt appliance could be smelled in every room of the house.
2. The facial recognition software is going………… updated for the new model.
3. This device shouldn’t………… used by anyone under the age of 16.
4. I………… asked for my password every single time I wanted to log in.
Answers
2. to be 3. be 4. Was

12
 `

Workbook Page 20 Exercise 4

4. ★★ Complete the sentences with the correct passive forms of the verbs
from the box. ‫المبن للمجهول الصحيحة لألفعال من الصندوق‬
‫ي‬ ‫أكمل الجمل بصيغ‬
employ invite persuade sell tell
1. I regret being persuaded to buy this phone.
2. I would really like………………………………. by one of the giant tech companies.
3. Young people don’t need……………………………… how to use new devices, they
just know instinctively.
4. The new phone implants are going to………………………… in all kinds of shops.
5. The teacher congratulated them on……………………………… to take part in the
science fair next week.
Answers
2. to be employed 3. to be told 4. be sold 5. being invited

Workbook Page 21 Exercise 5

5. ★★ Complete the letter with the correct passive forms of the verbs in
brackets. ‫المبن للمجهول الصحيحة لألفعال بي القوسي‬
‫ي‬ ‫أكمل الرسالة بصيغ‬
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to complain about one of your company’s smartwatches, which
1.was given (give) to me last week. Firstly, it 2……………………………….(wrap) in
large amounts of unnecessary plastic packaging. Don’t you think your products
3………………………………. (should/package) in a more eco-friendly way? Secondly,
the watch clearly 4………………………………. (not/check) before
5………………………………. (sent) from your factory, as the all-important charging
cable 6………………………………. (not/include). Could a cable please
7………………………………. (sent) to us as soon as possible? We would appreciate it if
this 8………………………………. (could/do) without unnecessary plastic packaging.
Yours faithfully,
Amani Alra’i
Answers
2. was wrapped 3. should be packaged 4. was not checked 5. being sent
6. was not included 7. be sent 8. could be done

13
 `

Workbook Page 21 Exercise 6

6 ★★★ USE OF ENGLISH Complete the second sentence using the word in bold
so that it means the same as the first one. Use between two and five words,
including the word in bold.
‫ استخدم بي‬.‫تعن نفس معن الجملة األوىل‬
‫أكمل الجملة الثانية باستخدام الكلمة المكتوبة بخط عريض بحيث ي‬
.‫ بما يف ذلك الكلمة المكتوبة بخط عريض‬،‫كلمتي إىل خمس كلمات‬
1. I expect that they will deliver the parcel by four o’clock. DELIVERED
I expect the parcel to be delivered by four o’clock.
2. The teacher said we mustn’t use our phones during the exam. TOLD
We …………………………………………….use our phones during the exam.
3. The fridge will automatically order more milk before you run out. ORDER
More milk …………………………………by the fridge automatically before you run out.
4. We ought to recycle old devices to avoid waste. SHOULD
Old devices …………………………………………….to avoid waste.
5. The main material in this device is plastic. MADE
This device …………………………………………….plastic.

Answers
2. were told not to 3. will be ordered 4. should be recycled 5. is made mainly of

Workbook Page 21 Exercise 7

7. ★★★ Complete the advert with the correct active or passive forms of the
verbs in brackets. ‫المبن للمجهول الصحيحة بي القوسي‬
‫ي‬ ‫أكمل اإلعالن بصيغ األفعال المعلوم أو‬
Our Smart Doorbell
1. is manufactured (manufacture) at our factory in Portugal and to date over
10,000 of our doorbells 2…………………………….. (sell) throughout Europe. Our
tech engineers 3…………………………….. (design) this state-of-the-art device. So,
what’s so special about our doorbell? You 4…………………………….. (can/answer)
your door from anywhere with your smartphone. Incredible but true! The on-
board camera 5…………………………….. (can/use) to see who’s at your door. You
can even let visitors into your home when you’re not there if you want. To
activate this function, the doorbell needs 6…………………………….. (pair) with one
of our smart locks. What 7…………………………….. (you/wait) for? Buy one now!

Answers
2.have been sold 3. designed 4. can answer 5. can be used 6. to be paired
7. are you waiting

14
 `

Workbook Page 21 Exercise 8

8. ★★★ Write a short paragraph explaining some of the functions of a pair of
‘smart shoes’. Use several examples of passive structures.
‫اكتب فقرة قصتة ر‬
‫ استخدم عدة أمثلة عىل الصيغ المبنية‬.'‫تشح بعض وظائف زوج من 'األحذية الذكية‬
.‫للمجهول‬
Suggested answer:
Smart shoes are designed to help improve the wearer’s experience. They are
equipped with sensors that monitor steps and calories burned. The data is then sent
to a smartphone app where it is analyzed. The shoes are charged wirelessly, making
them easy to use. Alerts are received when the shoes need to be cleaned or
maintained. The information collected by the shoes is stored in the cloud and can be
accessed at any time.
‫فه مزودة بأجهزة استشعار تقوم بمراقبة الخطوات والسعرات‬ ‫ ي‬.‫تم تصميم األحذية الذكية لتحسي تجربة المستخدم‬
،‫السلك‬
‫ي‬ .
‫الذك حيث يتم تحليلها يتم شحن األحذية بشكل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ ثم يتم إرسال البيانات إىل تطبيق الهاتف‬.‫الحرارية المحروقة‬
‫ يتم تخزين المعلومات‬.‫ يتم استالم تنبيهات عندما تحتاج األحذية إىل التنظيف أو الصيانة‬.‫مما يجعلها سهلة االستخدام‬
.‫الن تجمعها األحذية يف السحابة ويمكن الوصول إليها يف أي وقت‬ ‫ر‬
‫ي‬

15
 `

Impersonal passive structures SB P33

We can report beliefs and opinions using verbs such as: say, think, believe,
know, claim, estimate, expect and a passive structure:
.‫المبن للمجهول‬
‫ي‬ ‫يمكننا اإلبالغ عن المعتقدات واآلراء باستخدام أفعال الرأي او االعتقاد بصيغة‬
No. Verb1 Verb2 Verb3 Meaning
1 Say Said said ‫يقول‬
2 Think Thought Thought ‫يعتقد‬
3 Believe Believed believed ‫يعتقد‬
4 Know Knew Known ‫يعرف‬
5 Claim Claimed Claimed ‫يدع‬
‫ي‬
6 Estimate Estimated Estimated ‫يقدر‬
7 Expect Expected expected ‫يتوقع‬
8 Find Found found ‫يجد‬
9 Mention Mentioned Mentioned ‫يذكر‬
10 Declare Declared Declared ‫يعلن‬
11 Agree Agreed Agreed ‫يوافق‬
12 Announce Announced Announced ‫يعلن‬
13 Prove Proved Proved ‫يثبت‬
14 assume Assumed assumed ‫ر‬
‫يفتض‬
15 Suppose Supposed Supposed ‫يفتض‬ ‫ر‬

‫الزمن يف المعلوم‬ ‫التحويل اىل المجهول‬

Present simple Verb 1/ Verb 1 + s is –am – are + Verb 3
Past simple Verb 2 was- were + Verb 3
Present perfect Has/have + Verb 3 has/have+ been+ Verb 3
Future simple Modal + Verb1 Modal +be + Verb 3
.‫اي زمن يتم تحويله اىل المجهول حسب ما قد اخذنا سابقا يف درس المجهول‬
Subject 1 + verb + that + subject 2 + main verb + object + complement
1 ‫ الفاعل‬+ )‫ فعل الرأي (معلوم‬+ that + 2 ‫ الفاعل‬+ ‫الرئيش‬
‫ي‬ ‫ الفعل‬+ ‫ مفعول به‬+ ‫التكملة‬
• it + passive + that clause: ‫النمط االول‬
It is believed that this businessman would now be the richest man in the
world. (present belief)
It was revealed that hackers had interfered … (past belief)
It + (be + verb 3 ) that subject (aux) (not) Main verb + (object) (complement)
It ‫آلية الحل يف حال وجود‬
.‫مبن للمجهول‬
‫المبن للعلوم إىل ي‬
‫ي‬ ‫ نحول فعل الرأي‬.1
.that ‫ نضع‬.2
.‫ ثم نقم بإنزال الجملة الرئيسية دون تبديل‬.3
Experts say that dolphins are highly intelligent
It is said that dolphins are highly intelligent

16
 `

✓ Complete each of the following items, using impersonal passive that the new
item has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1) People say that children are afraid of ghosts.
It ….…………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………….
2) People believe that Mr. Brown owns a lot of land in the north.
It………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………
3) People expected that a new law introduced last year.
It……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answers:
1) It is said that children are afraid of ghosts.
2) It is believed that Mr. Brown owns a lot of land in the north.
3) It was expected that a new law introduced last year.

• subject + passive + to- infinitive: ‫الثان‬

‫ي‬ ‫النمط‬
His new system, called Solid, is reported to be a platform … (present belief).

• subject + passive (be + past participle) + perfect infinitive (to have been +
past participle):
More than 700,000 people are believed to have been affected by the virus.
(present belief about a past event)

Subject 1 + verb + that + subject 2 + main verb + object + complement

Subject 2 + (be + verb 3 ) to infinitive + (complement)
‫الثان‬
‫ي‬ ‫آلية الحل يف حال وجود الفاعل‬
‫مبن للمجهول‬‫ نحول فعل الرأي من المعلوم اىل ي‬.1
. that ‫ بدال من‬to ‫ نضع‬.2
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
have+V3 ‫الماض البسيط نضع‬
‫ي‬ ‫باف الجملة إال‬
‫ئيش مجرد ونكمل ي‬ ‫ ي‬.3
‫نأن بالفعل الر ي‬
‫الرئيش‬
‫ي‬ ‫ نكمل الجملة من بعد الفعل‬.4
Experts say that dolphins are highly intelligent.
Dolphins are said to be highly intelligent.

✓ Complete each of the following items, using impersonal passive that the new
item has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1) People know that she is a good swimmer.
She ………………………………………………………….…………………….………………………………
2) They say that Fadi is in hospital.
Fadi ………………........................................................................

17
 `

3) They think that the children are in bed.

The children …………………………….………………………………………………..……………..
4) His colleagues thought that he was on holiday.
He……………………………….……...……………………………………………..………………………
5) They found that the mission was impossible.
The mission …………………………………………..……………………………………………………
Answers:
1) She is known to be a good swimmer.
2) Fadi is said to be in hospital.
3) The children are thought to be in bed.
4) He was thought to have been on holiday.
5) The mission was found to have been impossible.

Impersonal passive structures

Students Book Page 33 Exercise 3
3. Match sentences 1–3 from the text with patterns a–c in the Grammar box
below.
‫ يف مربــع القواعد أدناه‬a-c ‫ من النص مع األنماط‬3-1 ‫طابق الجمل‬
1 □ These are thought to have been the first words ever spoken on a
telephone.
2 □ It is believed that Alexander became interested in studying sound
because...
3 □ He is widely reported to be the inventor of the telephone.
Answers: 1. c 2. a 3. b
Impersonal passive structures
We can report people’s beliefs and opinions using verbs such as say, think,
believe, know, claim, estimate, expect and a passive structure. There are
three patterns:
:‫ هناك ثالثة أنماط‬.‫المبن للمجهول‬
‫ي‬ ‫يمكننا نقل معتقدات وآراء الناس باستخدام أفعال الرأي مع تركيب‬

a. for present or past belief: it + passive (be + past participle) + that clause
b. for present belief: subject + passive (be + past participle) + to-infinitive
c. for present belief about a past event: subject + passive (be + past
participle) + perfect infinitive (to have been + past participle)

18
 `

Students Book Page 33 Exercise 4

4. Rewrite the sentences using the first pattern (a) from the Grammar box.
.‫( من مربــع القواعد‬a) ‫أعد كتابة الجمل باستخدام النمط األول‬
1. People say that other scientists invented the telephone.
It is said that other scientists invented the telephone.
2. Experts expect that more people will own phones in the future.
It ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Some people have suggested that young people should not have mobile
phones.
It ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answers:
2. It is expected that more phones will be owned in the future.
3. It has been suggested by some people that young people should not have mobile
phones.
Students Book Page 33 Exercise 5
5. Rewrite the sentences using patterns b and c from the Grammar box.
.‫( من مربــع القواعد‬c) ‫( و‬b) ‫أعد كتابة الجمل باستخدام النمطي‬
1. People say that a scientist called Elisha Gray invented the phone at the
same time as Alexander Graham Bell.
A scientist called Elisha Gray…………………………………………………………………………..
2. Initially, people thought the telephone was only for rich people.
2. Initially, the telephone………………………………………………………………………………..
3. Experts have estimated that the majority of people in the world own a
smartphone.
It ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
The majority of people in the world……………………………………………………………..

Answers
1. A scientist called Elisha Gray is said to have invented the phone at the same time
as Alexander Graham Bell.
2. Initially, the telephone was thought to be just for rich people.
3. It has been estimated that the majority of people in the world now own a
smartphone.
3. The majority of people in the world has been estimated to own a smartphone.

19
 `

LESSON 6B GRAMMAR WB P24

Workbook Page 24 Exercise 1
1. ★ Study patterns a–c and match them with sentences 1–6.
(1–6).‫( وطابقها مع الجمل‬A–C) ‫ادرس األنماط‬
a. It + passive + that clause b. subject + passive + to-infinitive
c. subject + passive + perfect infinitive
1 □ The designer is known to have been heavily influenced by early computers.
2 □ It is thought that the city’s schools will be completely paperless within 50
years.
3 □ 5G mobile networks are expected to greatly improve Internet connection
speeds.
4 □ It was once believed that guided missiles would be used to deliver post.
5 □ The company is estimated to have sold nearly ten million handsets in the
last ten years.
6 □ Sales of the company’s main product were reported to be steady.

Answers
1c2a3b4a5c6b
Workbook Page 24 Exercise 2
2. ★ Choose the correct forms to complete the sentences.
‫ر‬
.‫اخت الصيغة الصحيحة إلكمال الجمل‬
1. It is / was said that high-speed rail travel would cause people to stop
breathing.
2. Over half a million passwords are thought to be / to have been stolen in the
hack.
3. It has often been remarked / remarking that the world was a simpler place
before people had telephones.
4. We / It is thought that there are over 1.5 billion websites today.
5. It is being / was revealed that personal data had been collected illegally by
the company.
6. The hacker is thought to be / being a man in his 30s living somewhere in
southern Germany.

Answers
1 was 2 to have been 3 remarked 4 It 5 was 6 be

20
 `

Workbook Page 24 Exercise 3

3. ★★ Put the words in brackets in order to complete the sentences.
.‫رتب الكلمات الموجودة بي األقواس إلكمال الجمل‬
Amazing facts ‫حقائق مذهلة‬
ABOUT THE INTERNET‫اإلنتنت‬ ‫عن ر‬
The Internet 1.is thought to have contained (thought / to / is / have
contained) five million terabytes of data in 2010.
2…………………………………………………. (is / it / that / expected) by 2020, there will
be 40 billion terabytes of data online. Of the nearly two billion websites
3…………………………………………………. (to / exist / believed) today, it is estimated
that less than 200 million are actually active.
Social media users 4…………………………………………………. (to / are / reported)
upload 95 million photographs every day. Rather
sadly,5…………………………………………………. (said / is / it / that) 70% of them are
never looked at by anyone. The first email 6………………………………………………….
(known / have / is / to / been / sent) by a programmer called Ray Tomlinson.
Unfortunately,7…………………………………………………. (not / is / known / it) what the
message was as Tomlinson can’t remember!
Answers
2. It is expected that 3. believed to exist 4. are reported to 5. it is said that
6. is known to have been sent 7. it is not known
Workbook Page 24 Exercise 4
4. ★★★ Complete the sentences with the correct impersonal passive forms of
the words in brackets. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
‫ يف‬.‫الشخص للكلمات الموجودة بي األقواس‬
‫ي‬ ‫للمبن للمجهول غت‬
‫ي‬ ‫أكمل الجمل باستخدام الصيغة الصحيحة‬
‫ قد يكون هناك ر‬،‫بعض الحاالت‬
.‫أكت من إجابة صحيحة‬
1. It is often remarked (often/remark) that too much screen time is bad for your
eyes.
2. IT graduates…………………………………………………. (expect/pay) a high wage as soon
as they graduate.
3. Five people ………………………………………………….(believe/injure) in yesterday’s
accident.
4. It ………………………………………………….(claim) that wi-fi signals are harmless to
birds and insects.
5. I …………………………………………………. (never/ expect/do) this in my last job.
Answers
2. are expected to be paid 3. are believed to have been injured
4. is claimed 5. was never expected to do
Workbook Page 24 Exercise 5
5. ★★★ Use impersonal passive structures to report five opinions or beliefs
about teenagers and technology.

Answers Students’ own answers

21
 `

Unit Eight

08 Digital perspectives
LESSON 1A VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR SB P26
‫آفاق رقمية‬

1. In pairs, look at the infographic and

discuss the questions.
.‫ناقش األسئلة مع رشيكك أثناء النظر إىل اإلنفوجرافيك‬
1. What other examples of technology (either
current or future) can you think of?
‫ر‬
‫الن‬
‫ما األمثلة األخرى عىل التكنولوجيا (الحالية أو المستقبلية) ي‬
‫يمكنك التفكت فيها؟‬
2. Are you excited about the possibilities offered by the Internet of Things
(IoT)? Why?
‫( ؟ لماذا؟‬IoT)‫إنتنت األشياء‬‫الن يوفرها ر‬‫ر‬
‫هل أنت متحمس لإلمكانيات ي‬
Answers
Students’ own answers
Students Book Page 26 Exercise 2
2. Check you understand the words and phrases in the box. Then use them to
complete the sentences.
َّ
.‫ ثم استخدمها إلكمال الجمل‬،‫تحقق من فهمك للكلمات والعبارات الموجودة يف الصندوق‬
ُ
• alert (v) – ‫ينبه‬ • embedded – ‫ُمدمج‬
• facial recognition software – ‫التعرف عىل الوجه‬ ّ ‫برنامج‬ • hack (v) – ‫يختق‬ ‫ر‬
• household appliance – ‫جهاز مت يىل‬ • malfunction – ‫عطل‬ • sensors – ‫حساسات‬
• smart devices – ‫أجهزة ذكية‬ • track (v) – ‫ • يتتبع‬wearables – ‫األجهزة القابلة لالرتداء‬
1………………………… and other…………………………, such as clothing, could be used
to………………………… your body’s fat and water content.
.‫ يمكن استخدامها ……………محتوى الدهون والمياه يف جسمك‬،‫ مثل المالبس‬،‫ ……األخرى‬.‫…………وأجهزة‬
2………………………… which can monitor your heart rate could be…………………………
in your body and………………………… the doctor if there are any problems.
.‫لن يمكنها مراقبة معدل ضبات قلبك قد تكون …… يف جسمك و……الطبيب إذا كانت هناك أي مشاكل‬ ‫ر‬
‫………ا ي‬

22
 `

3. Some people are concerned that it is easy to………………………… into a self-

driving car, or that there might be a………………………… causing an accident.
.‫ أو أن يحدث ……يؤدي إىل وقوع حادث‬،‫يشعر بعض الناس بالقلق من أنه من السهل ……سيارة ذاتية القيادة‬
4. Increasingly, smart devices use a digital fingerprint or…………………………
rather than a PIN.
ً ‫تستخدم األجهزة الذكية بشكل ر‬
(PIN).‫الشخص‬
‫ي‬ ‫متايد بصمة رقمية أو ………………بدال من رقم التعريف‬
5. A smart fridge that keeps grocery lists is one example of a…………………………
………………. ‫ه مثال عىل‬ ‫ر‬
‫الن تحتفظ بقوائم التسوق ي‬
‫الثالجة الذكية ي‬
Answers
1. Smart devices, wearables, track 2. Sensors, embedded, alert
3. hack, malfunction 4. facial recognition software 5 household appliance

Students Book Page 27 Exercise 3

3. 8.1 Listen to an extract from a podcast about the Internet of Things and
discuss the questions. ‫استمع إىل مقطع من بودكاست حول ر‬
‫إنتنت األشياء وناقش األسئلة‬

1. Did the speakers talk about any of your ideas from Exercise 1?
‫؟‬1 ‫هل تحدث المتحدثون عن أي من أفكارك من التمرين‬
2. Can you give some examples from the podcast of arguments
for and against the Internet of Things?
‫هل يمكنك تقديم بعض األمثلة من البودكاست عىل الحجج المؤيدة والمعارضة ر‬
‫إلنتنت األشياء؟‬
Answers
Students’ own answers

LESSON 2A SPEAKING AND VOCABULARY

Students Book Page 28 Exercise 1
1. In pairs, discuss the questions. Then look at the graph and check your
ideas. ‫البيان وتحققوا من أفكاركم‬
‫ي‬ ‫ ثم انظروا إىل الرسم‬.‫ ناقشوا األسئلة‬،‫يف مجموعات‬
1. When do you think IoT devices first became available?
‫إنتنت األشياء أصبحت متوفرة ألول مرة؟‬ ‫من تعتقد أن أجهزة ر‬
‫ر‬
2. Where do you think IoT devices are most
popular?
‫ر‬
‫األكت شعبية؟‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ر‬
‫أين تعتقد أن أجهزة إنتنت األشياء ي‬

Answers
Students’ own answers

23
 `

Students Book Page 28 Exercise 2

2. Study the graph and complete the sentences with the phrases from the box.
.‫البيان وأكمل الجمل بالعبارات من الصندوق‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ادرس الرسم‬
• grew slightly – ‫نما بشكل طفيف‬ • stayed the same – ‫بف كما هو‬ ‫ر‬
‫ي‬
• steady rise – ‫ارتفاع ثابت‬ • went up quite dramatically – ‫ارتفع بشكل كبت‬
1. Overall, there has been a ............... in the number of IoT devices used
globally.
ً
.‫عالميا‬ ‫ ف عدد أجهزة ر‬............... ‫ كان هناك‬،‫بشكل عام‬
‫إنتنت األشياء المستخدمة‬ ‫ي‬
2. In Eastern Europe, the number of devices pretty much............... between
2015 and 2018.
.2018‫ و‬2015 ‫عام‬ ‫ر‬
‫ بي ي‬...............‫ ظل عدد األجهزة إىل حد كبت‬،‫يف شق أوروبا‬
3. The number of devices in the Middle East and Africa ............... between
2018 and 2021.
.2021‫ و‬2018 ‫عام‬ ‫ر‬
‫ بي ي‬............... ‫عدد األجهزة يف منطقة الشق األوسط وأفريقيا‬
4. Western Europe and the United States and Canada had a similar number of
devices until 2018, when the number of devices in Western Europe .............
ً
‫مشابها من األجهزة ر‬ ً
‫ عندها كان عدد‬،2018 ‫حن عام‬ ‫كانت أوروبا الغربية والواليات المتحدة وكندا تمتلك عددا‬
...............‫األجهزة يف أوروبا الغربية‬
Answers
1. steady rise 2. stayed the same 3. grew slightly 4. went up quite dramatically

Students Book Page 28 Exercise 3

3. Listen to somebody talking about the graph and check your
answers. ‫البيان وتحقق من إجاباتك‬
‫ي‬ ‫استمع إىل شخص يتحدث عن الرسم‬

Students Book Page 28 Exercise 4

4. Study the Speaking box. Then rewrite the sentences in Exercise 2 using one
of the patterns from the Speaking box.
.‫ باستخدام أحد األنماط من مربــع التحدث‬2 ‫ ثم أعد كتابة الجمل يف التمرين‬.‫ادرس مربــع التحدث‬
1. There has been a gradual increase in the numbers of IoT devices used
globally.

Answers
2. In Eastern Europe, the number of devices remained steady between …
3. There was a slight increase in the number of devices in the Middle East and Africa
between …
4. Western Europe and the United States and Canada had a similar number of devices
until 2018 when the number of devices in Western Europe increased/rose/grew
sharply. / when there was a sharp/dramatic increase/growth/ rise in the number of
devices in Western Europe.

24
 `

SPEAKING | Describing trends "‫"التحدث | وصف االتجاهات‬

• Introducing data – ‫تقديم البيانات‬
— The graph illustrates … – ‫البيان‬ ‫ي‬ ‫… يوضح الرسم‬
— In this graph, we can see … – ‫ يمكننا أن نرى‬،‫البيان‬ ‫ي‬ ‫… يف هذا الرسم‬
• Describing changes over time - ‫وصف التغتات عىل مر الزمن‬
— The number of … / Sales … / Users … ‫ المستخدمي‬/ … ‫ المبيعات‬/ … ‫عدد‬
➚ increased/rose/grew/went up … ‫ ارتفع‬/ ‫ نما‬/ ‫ ازداد‬/ ‫ارتفع‬
➘ declined/decreased/went down/dropped … ‫ انخفض‬/ ‫قل‬ ّ / ‫ تراجع‬/ ‫انخفض‬
— slightly/sharply/steadily/gradually/dramatically
‫ كبت‬/ ‫تدريح‬‫ر ي‬ / ‫ مستقر‬/ ‫ حاد‬/ ‫بشكل طفيف‬
➙ stayed the same/remained steady ً ‫ر‬
‫بف مستقرا‬ ‫ ي‬/ ‫ظل كما هو‬
— There is/has been/was/will be a … ‫ سيكون هناك‬/ ‫ كان هناك‬/ ‫ كان‬/ ‫هناك‬
— slight/sharp/steady/gradual/dramatic … ‫ كبت‬/ ‫تدريح‬
‫ر ي‬ / ‫ مستقر‬/ ‫ حاد‬/ ‫طفيف‬
— ➚ increase/rise/growth (in the number of users/sales/etc.)
).‫ إلخ‬/ ‫ المبيعات‬/ ‫(ف عدد المستخدمي‬ ‫ نمو ي‬/ ‫ ارتفاع‬/ ‫زيادة‬
— ➘ decrease/fall/drop/decline (in the number of users/sales/etc.)
).‫ إلخ‬/ ‫ المبيعات‬/ ‫(ف عدد المستخدمي‬ ‫ انخفاض ي‬/ ‫ هبوط‬/ ‫ تراجع‬/ ‫انخفاض‬
• Summarising data ‫تلخيص البيانات‬
— Overall, the trend in … is upwards/downwards
. ‫تنازىل‬
‫ي‬ / ‫ االتجاه يف … تصاعدي‬،‫بشكل عام‬
‫ر‬
— During the period ... ‫خالل هذه الفتة‬ — It is noticeable that …‫من الملحوظ أن‬
Students Book Page 28 Exercise 5
5. 8.3 Listen and complete the graph with a line for fitness
trackers.
‫البيان بخط لألجهزة القابلة لالرتداء الخاصة باللياقة البدنية‬
‫ي‬ ‫استمع وأكمل الرسم‬

Students Book Page 28 Exercise 6

6. In pairs, use your own ideas to complete the graph for the other wearables.
Which do you think will become more or less popular? Present your completed
graph to the class, using language from the Speaking Box.
‫ أي منها تعتقد أنه‬.‫البيان لألجهزة القابلة لالرتداء األخرى‬
‫ي‬ ‫ استخدم أفكارك الخاصة إلكمال الرسم‬،‫يف األزواج‬
.‫ باستخدام اللغة من مربــع التحدث‬،‫البيان المكتمل إىل الفصل‬ ‫سيصبح ر‬
‫أكت أو أقل شعبية؟ قدم الرسم‬
‫ي‬
Answers Students’ own answers

25
 `

LESSON 3A VOCABULARY | Technology, Synonyms SB P29

Students Book Page 29 Exercise 1
1. SPEAKING In pairs, look at the cartoon and the title of the article. What do
you think an ‘early adopter’ is in terms of technology?
‫ ما الذي تعتقد أن 'المستخدم المبكر' يعنيه يف مصطلحات التكنولوجيا؟‬.‫انظر إىل الكاريكاتت وعنوان المقال‬
Answers Students’ own answers
Students Book Page 29 Exercise 2
2. Read the short article below and check your ideas from Exercise 1.
.1 ‫اقرأ المقال القصت أدناه وتحقق من أفكارك من التمرين‬
Suggested answer: The term early adopter refers to a person who uses a new
product before others.
EARLY ADOPTER OR LAGGARD? ‫مستخدم مبكر ام متأخر‬
Are you the kind of person who queues up all night
because you can’t wait to get the latest tech gadget?
Do you always upgrade to the newest version of your
favourite device immediately? Or do you wait until
your device is so outdated that it can’t handle new
apps, or keeps crashing or overheating and when it
needs to be backed up, there isn’t enough memory
left to do it?
‫هل أنت من النوع الذي يقف يف الطابور طوال الليل ألنك ال تستطيع‬
‫تقن؟‬
‫االنتظار للحصول عىل ًأحدث جهاز ي‬
‫دائما ربتقية جهازك المفضل إىل النسخة األحدث فورا؟ أم أنك تنتظر حن يصبح جهازك قديما لدرجة‬
ً ‫ر‬ ً ‫هل تقوم‬
‫ أو يستمر يف التعطل أو السخونة الزائدة وعندما يحتاج إىل نسخة‬،‫أنه ال يمكنه تشغيل التطبيقات الجديدة‬
‫ ال يوجد مساحة كافية للقيام بذلك؟‬،‫احتياطية‬
If you just have to have that improved functionality, or try out a new trend
before everyone else, then you’re what’s known as an ‘early adopter’. On the
other hand, if your phone is so old that you can’t even swipe on it, then
you’re a ‘laggard’.
ّ
‫ فأنت‬،‫ أو تجربة اتجاه جديد قبل الجميع‬،‫المحسنة‬ ‫إذا كنت تشعر أنه يجب عليك الحصول عىل تلك الوظائف‬
‫ر‬ ً ُ
،‫ إذا كان هاتفك قديما لدرجة أنك ال تستطيع حن انتقاد عليه‬،‫ من ناحية أخرى‬."‫ما يعرف بـ "المتقبل المبكر‬
".‫فأنت "المتأخر‬
Early adopters tend to be young, but buying state-of-the-art technology is
expensive. Essentially, you’re paying more to have your device first and of
course, it will eventually become obsolete.
‫ أنت تدفع ر‬،‫ ف األساس‬.‫ لكن رشاء التكنولوجيا المتطورة مكلف‬،‫شبابا‬ ً
‫أكت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫يميل المتقبلون المبكرون إىل أن يكونوا‬
ً
.‫ سيتحول يف النهاية إىل جهاز قديم‬،‫للحصول عىل جهازك أوًل وبالطبع‬
New devices often come with compatibility issues, so that you
also need to buy new adaptors or cables. Being a pioneer also means dealing
with any bugs or glitches that the manufacturers didn’t or couldn’t predict.
ً ‫غالبا ما ر‬
ً
.‫ لذا سيتعي عليك أيضا رشاء محوالت أو كابالت جديدة‬،‫تأن األجهزة الجديدة مع مشكالت التوافق‬ ‫ي‬
ً ً
.‫يعن أيضا التعامل مع أي أخطاء أو مشاكل لم يتوقعها أو لم يتمكن المصنعون من التنبؤ بها‬
‫كونك رائدا ي‬

26
 `

Students Book Page 29 Exercise 3

3. Match the highlighted words and phrases from the article with their
definitions. ‫قارن بي الكلمات والعبارات الممتة يف المقال مع تعريفاتها‬
Words and Phrases Definitions
1. obsolete — ‫قديم‬ Not in use anymore because a newer invention
ً ‫ر‬
exists. ‫اختاعا أحدث موجود‬ ‫لم يعد قيد االستخدام ألن‬
2. bugs or glitches — Small problems that prevent a device from
‫أخطاء أو مشاكل تقنية‬ working well.‫مشاكل صغتة تمنع الجهاز من العمل بشكل جيد‬
3. functionality — ‫ الوظائف‬Everything a piece of software can do.
.‫التمجيات‬ ‫كل ما يمكن أن تفعله قطعة من ر‬
4. outdated — ‫قديم‬ Old-fashioned.‫قديم الطراز‬
5. state-of-the-art/latest Most modern.
— ‫حديث‬/‫متطور‬ ‫أحدث ما يف التقنية‬
6. latest/state-of-the-art Using the most recent ideas and methods.
‫األحدث من حيث‬/‫—األحدث‬ ‫استخدام أحدث األفكار واألساليب‬
‫التقنية‬
7. handle — ‫التعامل مع‬ Deal with.‫التعامل مع‬

8. compatibility — ‫التوافق‬ The ability of one piece of equipment/

software to be used with another.
.‫التمجيات عىل العمل مع أخرى‬‫ ر‬/‫قدرة قطعة من المعدات‬
9. upgrade — ‫ترقية‬ Change for something newer or better.
.‫شء أحدث أو أفضل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫التقية إىل ي‬
10. backed up — ‫تم عمل‬ Stored on a computer/other device so it won’t
‫نسخة احتياطية‬ ‫جهاز آخر ر‬/‫مخزن عىل جهاز كمبيوتر‬
be lost.‫حن ال يتم فقده‬

Students Book Page 29 Exercise 4

4. Read Active Vocabulary and complete the sentences with synonyms.
.‫اقرأ المفردات النشطة وأكمل الجمل بالمرادفات‬
dated — ‫قديم‬ old-fashioned — ‫عتيق‬ outdated — ‫عفا عليه الزمن‬
1. That style of trousers looks really …………………..now.
2. The software isn’t working very well because it’s rather……………………………
3. The telephone is very large and …………………….., with a wire connecting it to
the wall.
Appliances(s) — ‫أجهزة متلية‬ gadgets(s) — ‫أدوات‬ device(s) — ‫جهاز‬
4. The kitchen drawer is full of handy ……………………….to slice onions or peel
eggs and so on.
5. The spy’s listening…………………. was hidden inside a pen.
6. We will need a van to move the kitchen…………………… , such as the freezer
and cooker
‫كل الكلمات لها نفس المعن لكن االستخدام يختلف من مكان ألخر‬
Answers 1 dated 2 outdated 3 old-fashioned 4 gadgets 5 device 6 appliances

27
 `

ACTIVE VOCABULARY | Synonyms ‫المفردات النشطة | المرادفات‬

Synonyms are words or phrases which have nearly the same meaning as other
ً ً
words or phrases.‫تقريبا لكلمات أو عبارات أخرى‬ ‫ه كلمات أو عبارات تحمل معن مشابها‬ ‫المرادفات ي‬
• There is usually some small difference in meaning or register, e.g. an
appliance is something electrical used in the house (a fridge). Gadgets and
devices tend to be smaller.
‫ر‬ ‫ئ‬ ً
‫شء‬‫الكهربان هو ي‬
‫ي‬ ‫ الجهاز‬،‫ عىل سبيل المثال‬،‫عادة ما يكون هناك فرق صغت يف المعن أو المستوى اللغوي‬
ً ُ
.‫حجما‬ ‫ أما األدوات واألجهزة فتميل إىل أن تكون أصغر‬.)‫يستخدم يف المتل (مثل الثالجة‬
• Sometimes synonyms have different connotations: dated and old-fashioned
both mean ‘not modern’, but dated has a negative connotation. ً
‫ لكن‬،"‫يعن "غت حديث‬‫ي‬ ‫كالهما‬ "old-fashioned" ‫و‬: "dated" ‫مختلفة‬ ‫دالالت‬ ‫ادفات‬ ‫ر‬ ‫للم‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أحيان‬
.‫"تحمل داللة سلبية‬dated"
LESSON 3B VOCABULARY | Technology, synonyms WB P 22
Workbook Page 22 Exercise 1

‫أكمل الكلمات المتقاطعة‬

‫أفق‬

‫عامودي‬

Answers
Across
8. back up ‫ نسخة‬9. glitches ‫خلل‬/‫عطل‬
Down
1. compatibility ‫ التوافقية‬2. obsolete‫ قديم‬3. latest‫ األحدث‬4. handle ‫التعامل‬
5. outdated ‫ عفا عليها الزمن‬7. upgrade ‫ترقية‬

28
 `

Workbook Page 22 Exercise 2

2. ★ Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
‫ر‬
.‫اخت الكلمات الصحيحة إلكمال الجمل‬
1. Very few of our new laptops have CD drives as CDs are virtually obsolete – ‫قديم‬
/dated - ‫عفا عليه الزمن‬.
2. This shop is full of clever little gadgets – ‫ أجهزة‬/ glitches - ‫ أعطال‬that make
excellent presents.
3. The app is designed to work on handheld gadgets - ‫ األجهزة المحمولة‬/ devices –
‫ األجهزة‬rather than laptops.

Answers 1. obsolete 2. gadgets 3. devices

Workbook Page 22 Exercise 3

3. ★★ Complete the mini-conversations with the words in bold. There is one
extra word in each group.
.‫ توجد كلمة إضافية يف كل مجموعة‬.‫أكمل المحادثات القصتة باستخدام الكلمات المكتوبة بخط عريض‬
LATEST / OUTDATED / UPGRADE / HANDLE
Alia: Are you still using those 1.outdated old headphones, Maha?
Maha: Sure! I mean, there’s nothing wrong with them. I’m not the kind of person
who has to have the 2……………………… model of everything
Alia: Well, I know, but you love music so much that it seems a shame not to have
headphones that can 3……………………… the bass better.
Maha: Well, it is my birthday next month – if you know what I mean!

GADGETS / STATE-OF-THE-ART / DATED / COMPATIBILITY

Talal: Have you thought about 4………………………?
Kamal: What do you mean?
Talal: Well, if you switch brands of gaming console, none of your old games will
work.
Kamal: Hmm. You’re right. But all my games are so 5……………………… now that it
probably doesn’t matter. Games are my thing. I’ve saved up the money myself, so
I’m going to invest in a 6……………………… console.

BACK UP / BUGS / UPGRADE / APPLIANCES / OLD-FASHIONED

Faten: This laptop is full of 7……………………… - things go wrong every minute!
Laila: Make sure you 8……………………… your work then. You really don’t want to
lose your project.
Faten: Oh, I will. Don’t worry. To be honest, I think it’s time for a(n)
9……………………… – this one is nearly ten years old.
Laila: Well, yes, it looks kind of10………………………, and it weighs a ton!

Answers 2. latest 3. handle 4. compatibility 5. dated 6. state-of-the-art 7. bugs

8. back up 9. upgrade 10. old-fashioned

29
 `

LESSON 4A READING AND VOCABULARY SB P 30

Virtual reality: ‫ر‬
‫ الواقع االفت ي‬SB P31
‫اض‬
walking in someone else’s shoes. ‫أن تضع نفسك مكان االخرين‬
1 The doors shut with a thud behind me as I walk into the shopping centre.
Immediately, there’s a buzz of noise. I can hear two or three different types
of music being played in various shops. A woman walks past me, carrying lots
of shopping bags. I can hear the sound of them rubbing against each other. I
try to shrug it off, but it’s made me feel a bit more anxious.
.‫انتباه ضجيج من األصوات‬‫ي‬ ‫ يلفت‬،‫ عىل الفور‬.‫خلف بينما أدخل إىل المركز التجاري‬
‫ي‬ ‫أغلقت األبواب بصوت‬
ُ ‫ر‬
‫بجانن امرأة تحمل العديد من أكياس‬
‫ري‬ ‫ تمر‬.‫أستطيع سماع نوعي أو ثالثة من الموسيف تعزف يف محالت مختلفة‬
.‫جعلن أشعر ببعض القلق‬
‫ي‬ ‫ لكنه‬،‫ أحاول تجاهل ذلك‬.‫ وأسمع صوت احتكاكها ببعضها البعض‬،‫التسوق‬
The lights are too bright. A man is shaking a pot full of coins – I think he’s
collecting money for charity. It’s really loud. I carry on through the shopping
centre. I can smell fried food. I bump into a friend, but I can’t stop to talk to
her because it’s all so overwhelming. I need to calm down. I need to get out of
here.
ً ً ً
‫وعاء مليئا بالعمالت المعدنية – أعتقد أنه يجمع رتتعات للجمعيات‬ ‫ هناك رجل يهز‬.‫األضواء ساطعة جدا‬
ً
‫ أصطدم‬.‫المقىل‬
‫ي‬ ‫ أستطيع شم رائحة الطعام‬.‫ أواصل الست داخل المركز التجاري‬.‫ الصوت مرتفع جدا‬.‫الختية‬
‫ أحتاج إىل الخروج‬.‫ أحتاج إىل أن أهدأ‬.‫شء ُمربك للغاية‬‫ر‬
‫لكنن ال أستطيع التوقف للحديث معها ألن كل ي‬ ‫ي‬ ،‫بصديقة‬
.‫من هنا‬
2 This is a description of what it might feel like for some people with ASD
(autism spectrum disorder) to go to a shopping centre. While people’s
experiences vary a lot, one of the key issues for many individuals with autism
is a hypersensitivity to sights, sounds, smells and tastes, which can make a
simple activity, such as going shopping extremely stressful.
‫) عند الذهاب إىل مركز‬ASD( ‫هذا وصف لما قد يشعر به بعض األشخاص المصابي باضطراب طيف التوحد‬
‫ فإن أحد القضايا الرئيسية للعديد من األفراد المصابي‬،‫ بينما تختلف تجارب األشخاص بشكل كبت‬.‫تجاري‬
ً ً
‫ مما قد يجعل نشاطا بسيطا مثل‬،‫ واألذواق‬،‫ الروائح‬،‫ األصوات‬،‫بالتوحد هو فرط الحساسية تجاه المشاهد‬
ً
.‫التسوق ُمرهقا للغاية‬
Some people are able to cope with this kind of sensory overload reasonably
well, though the stress might eat away at them inside. But for others, they
end up having a meltdown – in other words, they get upset or angry.
‫ عىل الرغم من أن التوتر قد‬،‫الحش بشكل معقول‬ ‫ي‬ ‫بعض األشخاص قادرون عىل التعامل مع هذا النوع من الحمل‬
‫ينته بهم األمر إىل االنهيار – بمعن أنهم يشعرون بالضيق أو‬ ً
‫ قد‬،‫ ولكن بالنسبة لآلخرين‬.‫داخليا‬ ‫يؤثر عليهم‬
‫ي‬
.‫الغضب‬

30
 `

This can make it difficult to fit in with or to keep friends because other people
just don’t understand the pressure that has led the person with autism to act
in this way. It can also lead to people with autism having problems at school or
with holding down a job, as they may come across as unreliable or bad-
tempered.
‫ ألن الناس ببساطة ال‬،‫صعبا عليهم االنسجام مع اآلخرين أو الحفاظ عىل األصدقاء‬ ً ‫يمكن أن يجعل هذا األمر‬
‫ كما يمكن أن يؤدي ذلك إىل‬.‫الن أدت إىل ترصف الشخص المصاب بالتوحد بهذه الطريقة‬ ‫ر‬
‫يفهمون الضغوط ي‬
‫ حيث قد يبدون غت موثوق‬،‫مواجهة األشخاص المصابي بالتوحد مشاكل يف المدرسة أو يف الحفاظ عىل وظيفة‬
.‫شيع الغضب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫بهم أو‬
3 In order to help people understand what it’s like to have autism, could
Virtual Reality (VR) help? Virtual Reality is a computer-generated simulation of
an experience, which is seen in 3D, and which can feel almost exactly like
really being in that situation. According to Chris Milk in his TED talk, Virtual
Reality connects humans to other humans in a way which can change people’s
perceptions of each other.
‫) يف جعل الناس يفهمون كيف يكون الشعور بالتوحد؟ الواقع‬VR( ‫اض‬ ‫ر‬
‫االفت‬ ‫هل يمكن أن يساعد الواقع‬
‫ر‬ ُ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬
‫ ويمكن أن‬،‫ثالن األبعاد‬‫ي‬ ‫ تعرض بشكل‬،‫اض هو محاكاة يتم إنشاؤها بواسطة الكمبيوتر لتجربة معينة‬ ‫ي‬ ‫االفت‬
‫ر‬ ً ً
‫ فإن الواقع االفت ي‬،TED ‫ وفقا لكريس ميلك يف حديثه خالل‬.‫تشعرك كما لو كنت تعيش تلك اللحظة فعليا‬
‫اض‬
.‫البش ببعضهم البعض بطريقة يمكن أن تغت تصورات الناس تجاه بعضهم‬ ‫يربط ر‬
Perhaps in response to such ideas, the National Autistic Society has developed
a VR experience to help people understand what sensory overload feels like.
People can watch the video using special 3D glasses, which take them more
fully into the experience. So far, it has had six million views, and the
comments certainly indicate that it’s having a powerful effect. ً
‫اض لمساعدة الناس‬ ‫ر‬
‫ قامت الجمعية الوطنية للتوحد بتطوير تجربة واقع افت ي‬،‫ربما استجابة لمثل هذه األفكار‬
‫ يمكن للناس مشاهدة الفيديو باستخدام نظارات ثالثية األبعاد‬.‫الحش‬ ‫ي‬ ‫عىل فهم كيف يكون الشعور بالحمل‬
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
،‫ حصل الفيديو عىل ستة ماليي مشاهدة‬،‫ حن اآلن‬.‫ مما يجعلهم يعيشون التجربة بشكل أكت واقعية‬،‫خاصة‬
.‫والتعليقات تشت إىل أن التأثت قوي ومؤثر‬
4 The potential impact of VR in helping us to understand one another and the
world around us is exciting. For example, some people went through the
virtual experience of chopping down a tree. Afterwards, the researcher
‘accidentally’ spilt his drink and those people who had been ‘chopping down
trees’ reached for fewer paper napkins, suggesting that their experience had
subconsciously encouraged them to stop wasting paper.
‫ عىل سبيل‬.‫اض يف مساعدتنا عىل فهم بعضنا البعض والعالم من حولنا مثت لالهتمام‬ ‫ر‬
‫االفت‬ ‫التأثت المحتمل للواقع‬
‫ر‬ ‫ي‬
‫ر‬
،‫ "أسقط" الباحث مشوبه عن قصد‬،‫ بعد ذلك‬.‫ خاض بعض األشخاص تجربة افتاضية لقطع شجرة‬،‫المثال‬
ً
‫ مما يشت إىل أن تجربتهم‬،‫والحظ أن أولئك الذين "قطعوا األشجار" استخدموا عددا أقل من المناديل الورقية‬
.‫اع عىل التوقف عن إهدار الورق‬ ‫شجعتهم بشكل غت و ي‬

31
 `

5 VR has also been used to give people the experience of being disabled, or
being in a flood. But can these experiences really help us to walk in someone
else’s shoes? A major difference between simulated and actual experiences is
that we volunteer to put on the VR headset. We can break off at any time and
go back to our normal lives, whereas the people whose lives we’re
experiencing don’t have that luxury. And, while we can experience the
sounds and sights of a flood, we don’t come up against the same difficulties.
ً ‫ر‬
‫ ولكن هل يمكن‬.‫اض أيضا إلعطاء الناس تجربة الشعور باإلعاقة أو التواجد يف فيضان‬ ‫االفت‬ ‫تم استخدام الواقع‬
ً‫ي‬
‫الرئيش بي التجارب المحاكاة والتجارب‬
‫ي‬ ‫لهذه التجارب أن تساعدنا حقا عىل وضع أنفسنا مكان اآلخرين؟ الفرق‬
‫ يمكننا التوقف يف أي وقت والعودة إىل حياتنا‬.‫اض طواعية‬ ‫ر‬
‫الفعلية هو أننا نختار ارتداء سماعة الواقع االفت ي‬
‫ بينما يمكننا تجربة‬،‫ باإلضافة إىل ذلك‬.‫ بينما األشخاص الذين نعيش تجاربــهم ال يملكون هذه الرفاهية‬،‫الطبيعية‬
.‫الن يواجهونها‬‫ر‬
‫ إال أننا ال نواجه نفس الصعوبات ي‬،‫أصوات ومشاهد الفيضان‬
Students Book Page 30 Exercise 1
1. 8.4 SPEAKING Read and listen to the first paragraph of the
article. Does it describe a positive or a negative experience?
ّ
‫ هل تصف تجربة إيجابية أم سلبية؟‬.‫ اقرأ واستمع إىل الفقرة األوىل من المقال‬. ‫التحدث‬
Answers
A negative experience (the person mentions feeling anxious; the lights are too
bright; the loud noise; it’s all so overwhelming; needing to calm down, a wave of
anxiety overcoming them, needing to get out.)
Students Book Page 30 Exercise 2
2. Read the rest of the article and check your ideas. What other experiences
are described in the article?
ّ
‫ ما التجارب األخرى ر‬.‫وتحقق من أفكارك‬ ‫ر‬
‫الن تم وصفها يف المقال؟‬
‫ي‬ ‫باف المقال‬
‫اقرأ ي‬
Answers
Other experiences: having problems at school or holding down a job; using VR to help
neurotypical people fully take in what sensory overload feels like. People can watch
the video using special 3D glasses, which takes them more fully into the experience.
In another experiment, some people went through the virtual experience of chopping
down a tree and the experience of being disabled or being in a flood.
Students Book Page 30 Exercise 3
3. Read the article again and choose the correct answers.
‫ر‬
.‫واخت اإلجابات الصحيحة‬ ‫اقرأ المقال مرة أخرى‬
1. Why does the writer start by describing an experience of going shopping?
‫لماذا يبدأ الكاتب بوصف تجربة الذهاب للتسوق؟‬
a. to explain exactly why some people suffer from ASD
b. to demonstrate why having ASD can cause someone to get upset
c. to emphasise the social problems created by large shopping malls
2. Which of these statements best reflects what the writer says about ASD?
‫( ؟‬ASD)‫أي من هذه العبارات تعكس بشكل أفضل ما يقوله الكاتب عن اضطراب طيف التوحد‬
a. Many people feel upset or angry about having ASD.
b. Different people will experience ASD in different ways.
c. Public places should be better designed for people with ASD.

32
 `

3. The writer cites Chris Milk to illustrate that

...‫يستشهد الكاتب بكريس ميلك لتوضيح أن‬
a. VR can also be a way for people to communicate over a distance.
b. video may actually separate us from the people we see onscreen.
c. VR has the potential to alter how we interact with each other.
4. What do the examples in Paragraph 4 indicate?
‫ماذا تشت إليه األمثلة يف الفقرة الرابعة؟‬
a. that it is relatively easy to trick people into doing something
b. that many people are inspired to visit the places they see through VR
c. that VR can stimulate people’s willingness to take action
5. What attitude towards VR is expressed by the writer in the last paragraph?
‫ر‬
‫( الذي ر‬VR) ‫اض‬
‫يعت عنه الكاتب يف الفقرة األختة؟‬ ‫ما الموقف تجاه الواقع االفت ي‬
a. It has some value but should be treated with caution.
b. It is fairly pointless compared with real life experience.
c. It is a passing fashion that will fade away.
Answers: 1 b 2 b 3 c 4 c 5 a
Students Book Page 30 Exercise 4
4. Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with the correct forms of the
highlighted phrasal verbs from the article.
.‫استبدل األجزاء ال ر ين تحتها خط من الجمل باألشكال الصحيحة لألفعال المركبة المظللة من المقال‬
1. You can’t expect to keep a job if you’re always late!
2. I have never really felt part of the group at school.
3. Every time she thought about it, the anxiety made her feel very bad.
4. He stopped what he was doing to talk to his friend.
5. The noise was too much for her and she finished by running from the room.
6. I didn’t expect to see you here!
7. Experiencing something difficult can help you to grow as a person.
8. Relax – it’s going to be OK.
9. If you encounter any problems, let me know.

Answers:
Phrasal verbs ‫األفعال المركبة‬ Meaning ‫المعن‬
ً ّ
1. hold down - )‫يثبت (شيئا يف مكانه‬ Keep
2. fitted in - ‫تكامل مع‬ felt part of the group
ً ‫كانت تؤثر‬
3. ate away at (her) - ‫سلبا عليها‬ made her feel very bad
4. broke off (from) - ‫انفصل عن‬ Stopped
5. ended up - ‫انته به المطاف‬ finished by
6. bump into – ‫يصادف‬ See
ّ
7. Going through - ‫يمر بـ‬ Experiencing
8. Calm down – ‫اهدأ‬ Relax
9. come up against – ‫يواجه‬ Encounter

33
 `

Students Book Page 30 Exercise 5

5. SPEAKING In pairs, discuss the questions. ‫ ناقشوا األسئلة‬،‫يف أزواج‬
1. What would you include in a VR experience to help people understand what it
is like to have a disability or to be homeless?
‫ر‬
‫( لمساعدة الناس عىل فهم كيف يشعر الشخص الذي ي‬VR) ‫اض‬
‫يعان من‬ ‫ماذا ستضيف يف تجربة الواقع االفت ي‬
‫إعاقة أو من يعيش بال مأوى؟‬
2. Apart from VR, how else could technology help people with disabilities?
‫ كيف يمكن للتكنولوجيا أن تساعد األشخاص ذوي اإلعاقات؟‬، (VR)‫اض‬ ‫ر‬
‫بخالف الواقع االفت ي‬
Answers: Students’ own answers
LESSON 5A LISTENING AND VOCABULARY SB P32
Students Book Page 32 Exercise 1
1. SPEAKING In pairs, discuss the questions. ‫ناقش األسئلة‬
1. Why do people take selfies? ‫السيلف؟‬
‫ي‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫لماذا يأخذ‬
ً
2. Do you ever take selfies? Say why. ‫السيلف أحيانا؟ قل لماذا‬
‫ي‬ ‫هل تأخذ‬
Answers: Students’ own answers
Students Book Page 32 Exercise 2
2. 8.6 Listen to a radio programme about selfies. What reasons
for taking them are mentioned?
‫ر‬
‫ ما األسباب ي‬.‫السيلف‬
‫الن تم ذكرها ألخذها؟‬ ‫ي‬ ‫إذاع عن‬
‫ي‬ ‫استمع إىل برنامج‬
Answers
presenting a flattering picture of yourself; managing how the world sees you;
changing other people’s perceptions; remembering an event; making other people
feel jealous; showing off about your life.
Students Book Page 32 Exercise 3
3. 8.6 Listen to the programme again and choose the correct answers.
1. Faten thinks the main reason selfies became so popular is because…
a. people wanted to be able to create an ideal image of themselves.
b. social networking provided a reason for people to share self-portraits.
c. modern technology made it more straightforward to take photos of ourselves.
d. people like looking at photos of themselves.
2. What does Faten think about the habit of taking group selfies on a day out?
a. It’s a good way to record memories.
b. It’s boring for other people who weren’t present at the time.
c. It’s a way of making people envious of your popularity.
d. It gets in the way of people having fun.
3. Which of the following is stated as a fact and not an opinion?
a. Some people don’t want photos of themselves to look like selfies.
b. It’s fashionable to employ a local photographer to capture perfect images.
c. Young people reject most of the photos which they take of themselves.
d. People who are bothered about what they look like, don’t worry how much
they spend.
4. How does Faten feel about people who take dangerous selfies?
a. admiring – ‫ معجب‬b. sympathetic – ‫ متعاطف‬c. excited – ‫ متحمس‬d. confused - ‫مرتبك‬

34
 `

Students Book Page 32 Exercise 4

4. Complete the extracts from the recording with the words from the box.
.‫أكمل المقتطفات من التسجيل بالكلمات من المربــع‬
- attributes – ‫سمات‬ - curate - )‫ينظم (أو يختار بعناية‬ - deceptive - ‫خادع‬
- enhance – ‫يعزز‬ - features – ‫متات‬ - flattering - ‫مجامل‬
- flaws – ‫عيوب‬ - superficial - ‫سطح‬
‫ي‬
People started taking selfies not just to present a 1…………………… picture of
themselves, but also to manage and 2…………………… what they wanted to tell
the world about their physical 3…………………… , their personality, their
relationships and their hobbies.
On a 4…………………… level, their holiday photos look relaxed and natural, but in
reality they’ve been very carefully planned – and paid for. Appearances can be
5……………………. You can add filters to 6…………………… how you look, remove any
7…………………… or even change the shape or size of your facial 8……………………

Answers
1. flattering 2. curate 3. attributes 4. Superficial 5. deceptive
6. enhance 7. flaws 8. Features

Students Book Page 32 Exercise 5

5. REFLECT | Society In pairs, discuss the questions.
.‫ ناقشوا األسئلة‬،‫التفكت |المجتمع يف أزواج‬
1. Why do many people only post flattering pictures of themselves? Does this
make other people like them more?
‫صورا مجاملة ألنفسهم فقط؟ هل يجعل هذا اآلخرين يحبونهم ر‬
‫أكت؟‬ ً ‫لماذا ر‬
‫ينش العديد من الناس‬
2. Can someone’s flaws make them more likeable? Say why.
‫هل يمكن أن تجعل عيوب الشخص ر‬
.‫أكت قابلية لإلعجاب؟ قل لماذا‬
Answers: Students’ own answers
LESSON 5B VOCABULARY WB P23
Vocabulary extension ‫تمديد المفردات‬
Workbook Page 23 Exercise 1
1. Match the adjectives from the box with their definitions.
.‫طابق الصفات من المربــع مع تعريفاتها‬
appealing – ‫جذاب‬ ‫ئ‬
endless - ‫نهان‬ envious - ‫حاسد‬
‫ال ي‬
influential – ‫مؤثر‬ upbeat - ‫متفائل‬
1. Able to change what people do or think. influential
2. Attractive or interesting. …………………………………….
3. Positive and cheerful. …………………………………….
4. Wanting something that someone else has. …………………………………….
5. In large quantities or for a long time. …………………………………….

Answers: 2. appealing 3. upbeat 4. envious 5. endless

35
 `

Workbook Page 23 Exercise 2

2. Complete the sentences with the adjectives from Exercise 1.
.1 ‫أكمل الجمل بالصفات من التمرين‬
1. I find the architecture of the city appealing.
2. He’s very…………………………. and so he should act responsibly.
3. I’m…………………………. of people who learn Maths easily.
4. My piano teacher was very…………………………. about my progress, which made
me feel great.
5. I’ve done…………………………. revision, so I should pass my exams with good
grades.
Answers: 2 influential 3 envious 4 upbeat 5 endless
Workbook Page 23 Exercise 3
3. Write a short paragraph about your favourite app.
.‫اكتب فقرة قصتة عن تطبيقك المفضل‬
Suggested answer
The Quran app is one of my favorite apps. It allows me to easily access the Quran
text anytime and anywhere. The app has a simple and user-friendly interface, and it
includes features such as tafsir (interpretation) and translations in multiple
languages, which help me understand the meanings more deeply. Additionally, it has
the option to listen to recitations by different Quranic readers, enhancing my
experience with the Quran. The app helps me read the Quran regularly and track my
memorization, making it a great tool in my daily life.
.‫ يتيح يىل الوصول إىل نص القرآن بسهولة يف أي وقت وأي مكان‬.‫تطبيق القرآن الكريم هو من بي التطبيقات المفضلة لدي‬
‫يساعدن‬ ‫ مما‬،‫والتجمات بعدة لغات‬ ‫ ويشمل متات مثل التفست ر‬،‫يحتوي التطبيق عىل واجهة بسيطة وسهلة االستخدام‬
‫ي‬
‫ مما يعزز‬،‫ يحتوي عىل خيار االستماع إىل تالوات من قراء مختلفي‬،‫ باإلضافة إىل ذلك‬.‫المعان بشكل أعمق‬
‫ي‬ ‫عىل فهم‬
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
.‫حيان اليومية‬
‫ي‬ ‫ مما يجعله أداة رائعة يف‬،‫حفط‬
‫ي‬ ‫يساعدن التطبيق عىل قراءة القرآن بانتظام وتتبع‬
‫ي‬ . ‫تجربن مع القرآن‬
‫ي‬

Pronunciation ‫ النطــق‬WB P 23
Workbook Page 23 Exercise 4
4. 8.7 Read some sentences about apps. Are the two underlined
letters “a” in each sentence pronounced the same or differently?
Listen and check.
ُ
‫" يف كل جملة ينطقا بنفس‬a" ‫المائالن‬
ِ ‫ هل الحرفان‬.‫اقرأ بعض الجمل عن التطبيقات‬
.‫الطريقة أم بطريقة مختلفة؟ استمع وتحقق‬
1. The man used an app to take photos of a star.
2. … but in actual fact it was deceptive because the photo was manufactured.
3. This aspect is part of the problem with apps.

Answers:
1 They are pronounced differently.
2 They are pronounced the same.
3 They are pronounced differently.

36
 `

ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION | The letter “a”

The letter a can be pronounced in many ways and the spelling of a word is not
always a clear guide to its pronunciation. Two common ways of pronouncing a
are:
ً ً ً ‫ وال يكون تهجئة الكلمة‬،‫" بطرق متعددة‬a" ‫يمكن نطق الحرف‬
‫ طريقتان شائعتان‬.‫دائما دليال واضحا عىل نطقها‬
:‫" هما‬a" ‫لنطق الحرف‬
ً
• /æ/ like in cat, jam (with a very open mouth) ‫بفم مفتوح جدا‬
• /ɑː/ like in ً start, father (at the back of the throat; this sound is also slightly
ً
longer) ‫ف مؤخرة الحلق؛ هذا الصوت أيضا يكون أطول قليل‬.
‫ي‬

Workbook Page 23 Exercise 5

5. 8.8 Listen to these pairs of words. Tick the word you hear first.
ً ‫ر‬
.‫الن تسمعها أوال‬
‫ ضع عالمة عىل الكلمة ي‬.‫استمع إىل هذه األزواج من الكلمات‬
1 ✓ bark □ back
2 □ heart □ hat
3 □ parking □ packing
4 □ art □ at
5 □ aunt □ ant
6 □ part □ pat
7 □ hard □ had
Answers:
2. hat 3. packing 4. art 5. aunt 6. pat 7. hard
Workbook Page 23 Exercise 6
6. Write the words you ticked in Exercise 6 in the correct place in the chart.
‫ر‬
.‫ يف المكان الصحيح يف الجدول‬6 ‫الن وضعت عليها عالمة يف التمرين‬
‫اكتب الكلمات ي‬
/æ/ cat /ɑː/ start
bark

Answers:
cat: hat, packing, pat
start: art, aunt, hard

37
 `

LESSON 6A GRAMMAR SB P33

1. SPEAKING Which invention do you think has been most important in history?
Say why. ‫ر‬
‫االختاع الذي تعتقد أنه كان األهم يف التاريـ ــخ؟ قل لماذا‬ ‫ما هو‬
Answers: Students’ own answers

2. Read the article about Alexander Graham Bell and list four pieces of
information about the inventor that we are not completely sure are true.
ً ‫الن لسنا متأكدين‬
‫تماما من‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫اقرأ المقال عن ألكسندر جراهام بيل و قم بإعداد قائمة بأربــع معلومات عن المختع ي‬
.‫صحتها‬
Answers
‘Mr Watson, come here, I want to see you’ may be the first words ever spoken on a
telephone. There may be more phones in the world than people. Perhaps Alexander
became interested in studying sound because both his wife and his mother were
deaf. Perhaps Alexander Graham Bell was not the inventor of the telephone. Perhaps
it was Antonio Meucci.

Changing the way the world communicates SB P33

‫تغيت طريقة تواصل العالم‬
In March 1876, the Scottish scientist Alexander Graham Bell called his
assistant Thomas Watson and said, ‘Mr Watson, come here, I want to see you.’
These are thought to have been the first words ever spoken on a telephone.
We don’t know for sure because other scientists were experimenting with
similar ideas, but Alexander quickly registered his idea and now he is widely
reported to be the inventor of the telephone.
‫ "سيدي‬:‫ اتصل العالم االسكتلندي ألكسندر جراهام بيل بمساعده توماس واتسون وقال‬،1876 ‫يف مارس‬
‫ر‬ ُ
‫ نحن ال نعلم‬.‫عت الهاتف‬ ‫" يعتقد أن هذه ً كانت أوىل الكلمات ي‬.‫ أريد أن أراك‬،‫ تعال إىل هنا‬،‫واتسون‬
‫الن تم نطقها ر‬
‫ ولكن ألكسندر سجل فكرته بشعة ومنذ ذلك‬،‫عىل وجه اليقي ألن علماء آخرين كانوا يجربون أفكارا مشابهة‬
.‫مختع الهاتف‬‫الحي ُيذكر عىل نطاق واسع كونه ر‬
Today, it is estimated that there are more phones in the world than people! It
is estimated that there are more than 8.5 billion mobile phones in a world
that has a population of around 8 billion people. Even more people may have
phones in the future, so Alexander’s invention was truly remarkable.
‫قدر أن هناك ر‬ ّ ُ ‫قدر أن هناك المزيد من الهواتف ف العالم ر‬ ّ ُ
‫ مليار هاتف‬8.5 ‫أكت من‬ ‫أكت من األشخاص! ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ ي‬،‫اليوم‬
‫ قد يكون هناك المزيد من الناس الذين يمتلكون‬.‫ مليارات شخص‬8 ‫حواىل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫محمول يف عالم يبلغ عدد سكانه‬
ً ً ‫ر‬
.‫ لذا فإن اختاع ألكسندر كان حقا رائعا‬،‫هواتف يف المستقبل‬
It is believed that Alexander became interested in studying sound because
both his wife and his mother were deaf. Although he is most famous for
inventing the telephone, he also invented a device that could be used to
detect hearing problems.
ً ُ
‫ عىل الرغم من أنه اشتهر بشكل‬.‫مهتما بدراسة الصوت ألن زوجته ووالدته كانتا صماء‬ ‫يعتقد أن ألكسندر أصبح‬
ً ً ‫ إال أنه ر‬،‫باختاع الهاتف‬
‫ر‬
.‫اختع أيضا جهازا يمكن استخدامه للكشف عن مشاكل السمع‬ ‫رئيش‬
‫ي‬

38
 `

It has often been remarked that Alexander did not like to have a telephone in
his study because it disturbed him from his work! Perhaps that is why he was
able to invent other things too, including an early metal detector and a device
to detect icebergs in the sea.
‫غالبا ما تم اإلشارة إىل أن ألكسندر لم يكن يحب أن يكون لديه هاتف يف دراسته ألنه كان يزعجه أثناء عمله! ربما‬ ً
ً ‫لهذا السبب تمكن من ر‬
‫ بما يف ذلك جهاز كاشف المعادن المبكر وجهاز للكشف عن‬،‫اختاع أشياء أخرى أيضا‬
.‫الجبال الجليدية يف البحر‬
Not everybody believes Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the
telephone. An Italian inventor called Antonio Meucci was widely reported to
have invented a telephone in 1856, 20 years before Alexander. The Italians
did not have enough money to develop his invention, however, and although
Italians claim Meucci is the true inventor of the telephone, Alexander Graham
Bell is the name forever associated with a device that has become a vital part
of our lives.
ُ ً ً ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ال يعتقد الجميع أن ألكسندر جراهام بيل هو ر‬
‫إيطاليا يدع‬ ‫مختعا‬ ‫ كان يقال عىل نطاق واسع أن‬.‫مختع الهاتف‬
ً 20 ‫ أي قبل ألكسندر بـ‬،1856 ‫هاتفا ف عام‬ ً ‫ميوتش ر‬‫ر‬
‫ لم يكن لدى اإليطاليي ما‬،‫ ومع ذلك‬.‫عاما‬ ‫ي‬ ‫اختع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫أنطونيو‬
‫ر‬
،‫الحقيف للهاتف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫ميوتش هو المختع‬ ‫ر‬
‫ وعىل الرغم من أن اإليطاليي يزعمون أن‬،‫يكف من المال لتطوير اختاعه‬
‫ي‬ ً ‫ً ي‬ ‫ي‬
.‫إال أن اسم ألكسندر جراهام بيل هو االسم المرتبط إىل األبد بجهاز أصبح جزءا حيويا من حياتنا‬
Suggested questions
1. What are considered to be the first words spoken on a telephone?
ُ ‫ر‬
‫عت الهاتف؟‬
‫عتت أنها كانت أوىل الكلمات المنطوقة ر‬ ‫الن ي ر‬
‫ه الكلمات ي‬ ‫ما ي‬
a) "Hello, can you hear me?" b) "Mr Watson, come here, I want to see you."
c) "Thomas, please come." d) "I need help, Watson."
2. What is believed to have sparked Alexander's interest in studying sound?
ُ
‫ماذا يعتقد أنه أثار اهتمام ألكسندر بدراسة الصوت؟‬
a) His job as a scientist. b) His invention of the telephone.
c) His fascination with music. d) His wife and mother were both deaf.
3. Why did Alexander not like having a telephone in his study?
‫لماذا لم يحب ألكسندر وجود هاتف يف دراسته؟‬
a) It was too noisy b) It disturbed him from his work
c) He didn't know how to use it d) It was too expensive
4.Who is claimed by Italians to be the true inventor of the telephone?
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ُ
‫ف للهاتف؟‬ ‫من يزعم من قبل اإليطاليي أنه المختع الحقي ي‬
a) Thomas Watson b) Alexander Graham Bell
c) Antonio Meucci d) Benjamin Franklin

Answers:
1. b) "Mr Watson, come here, I want to see you."
2. d) His wife and mother were both deaf.
3. b) It disturbed him from his work.
4. c) Antonio Meucci

39
 `

LESSON 7A WRITING | A for-and-against essay SB P34

Students Book Page 34 Exercise 1
1. What kind of information about yourself might you be giving away? Do the
quiz then check your answers on page 77.
‫ر‬
.77 ‫الن قد تفصح عنها؟ قم بحل االختبار ثم تحقق من إجاباتك يف الصفحة‬
‫ما نوع المعلومات عن نفسك ي‬
Are you giving away too much information?
‫هل تفصح عن الكثت من المعلومات؟‬

Unit 8, Lesson 7A Exercise 1, page 34 ‫نشاط‬

1. If you tag your location, this could help local businesses to ask you for a
review, or try to sell you a similar holiday, or even sell other products based on
the kind of holiday you’re on. You might appreciate this kind of information, but
it’s good to make a conscious decision about whether you want to give away this
kind of information.
‫ أو محاولة بيع عطلة‬،‫الشكات المحلية يف طلب مراجعة منك‬ ‫ فقد يساعد ذلك ر‬،‫إذا قمت بوضع عالمة عىل موقعك‬
‫ر‬
‫ ولكن من‬،‫ قد تقدر هذا النوع من المعلومات‬.‫الن تقضيها‬ ً ‫ر‬
‫ أو حن بيع منتجات أخرى بناء عىل نوع العطلة ي‬،‫مشابهة لك‬
.‫واع بشأن ما إذا كنت ترغب يف مشاركة هذا النوع من المعلومات‬
ٍ ‫الجيد اتخاذ قرار‬
2. It’s risky to give the year as date of birth is a common security question that
might be used by hackers. However, bear in mind that hackers might put together
information from different sources – for example, they might see a photo of your
birthday cake – so the less information you give away the better.
‫ر‬
‫ ضع يف اعتبارك أن‬،‫ ومع ذلك‬.‫المختقون‬ ً
‫شائعا قد يستغله‬ ‫ حيث إنها تعد سؤال أمان‬،‫من المخاطر مشاركة سنة الميالد‬
‫ قد يرون صورة لكعكة عيد ميالدك – لذا كلما‬،‫المختقي قد يجمعون المعلومات من مصادر مختلفة – عىل سبيل المثال‬‫ر‬
.‫ كان ذلك أفضل‬،‫الن تشاركها‬ ‫ر‬
‫قلت المعلومات ي‬

1. You go on holiday and tag your location on social media. What might you
then notice online?
‫عت اإل رنتنت؟‬
‫ ماذا قد تالحظ بعد ذلك ر‬.‫االجتماع‬
‫ي‬ ‫تذهب يف إجازة وتحدد موقعك عىل وسائل التواصل‬
2. You fill in a form online and give the day and month of your birth, but not
the year. Is this risky? ُ
ً ُ ‫ر‬ ً
‫خطرا؟‬ ‫ هل هذا ي ر‬.‫ لكن دون ذكر السنة‬،‫عت اإلنتنت وتدخل يوم وشهر ميالدك‬
‫عتت‬ ‫تمأل نموذجا ر‬
Suggested answers
1. You might notice adverts for similar holidays or products based on the kind of
holiday you're on.
2. It's still not safe to give your day and month of birth because hackers might be
able to work out your year of birth from other info you post online.

40
 `

Students Book Page 34 Exercise 2

2. Read the Writing task. In pairs, make a note of some possible arguments
for and against tracking Internet users’ personal data.
‫ قم بتدوين بعض الحجج الممكنة المؤيدة والمعارضة لتتبع البيانات الشخصية‬،‫ يف زوجي‬.‫اقرأ مهمة الكتابة‬
‫لمستخدم ر‬
.‫اإلنتنت‬ ‫ي‬
Nowadays many companies track Internet users’ personal data using ‘cookies’
in order to deliver personalised content or advertising. Write an essay
discussing the advantages and disadvantages of this practice.
‫الشكات بيانات المستخدمي الشخصية عت ر‬
"‫اإلنتنت باستخدام "الكوكت‬ ‫ تتبع العديد من ر‬،‫ف الوقت الحاىل‬
‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
ً
.‫ اكتب مقاال يناقش مزايا وعيوب هذه الممارسة‬.‫بهدف تقديم محتوى أو إعالنات مخصصة‬
Answers Students’ own answers
Students Book Page 34 Exercise 3
3. Read one student’s essay. List the arguments for and against tracking
online personal data.
‫ ضع قائمة بالحجج المؤيدة والمعارضة لتتبع البيانات الشخصية عت ر‬.‫اقرأ مقال أحد الطالب‬
.‫اإلنتنت‬ ‫ر‬
Answers
For Against
- invasion of privacy
- more personalised marketing
- adverts are annoying
- search results more relevant
- companies collect a lot of data – no
- automatic log on to a site
idea what it will be used for

OUR PERSONAL DATA‫بياناتنا الشخصية‬

These days it is extremely common for companies to track Internet users’ data
in order to target them with personalised content or advertising. 1.Some
people feel quite comfortable with this, whereas others consider it an
invasion of privacy.
‫الشكات بتتبع بيانات مستخدم ر‬ ً
‫جدا أن تقوم ر‬
‫اإلنتنت من أجل استهدافهم‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ من الشائع‬،‫يف الوقت الحاض‬
‫ بينما يرى آخرون أنه انتهاك‬،‫ يشعر بعض األشخاص بالراحة تجاه ذلك‬.1 .‫بمحتوى أو إعالنات مخصصة‬
.‫للخصوصية‬
It is estimated that seven in ten Internet users are happy to give away
personal data while browsing online. There may be some clear benefits to
doing this. 2.Although most people are careful with data such as online
banking details, many actually prefer more personalised marketing and feel
that their search results are likely to be more relevant if the search company
better understands their needs.
‫لإلنتنت سعداء بمشاركة بياناتهم الشخصية أثناء التصفح عت ر‬ ‫ر‬ َّ ُ
‫قدر أن سبعة من كل ر‬
.‫اإلنتنت‬ ‫ر‬ ‫عشة مستخدمي‬ ‫ي‬
‫ عىل الرغم من أن معظم األشخاص يكونون حذرين بشأن‬2 .‫قد يكون هناك بعض الفوائد الواضحة لهذا األمر‬
.
ً
‫تخصيصا‬ ‫ر‬
‫األكت‬ ‫البيانات مثل تفاصيل المعامالت المرصفية عت ر‬
‫ إال أن الكثتين يفضلون التسويق‬،‫اإلنتنت‬ ‫ر‬
.‫أكت صلة إذا كانت رشكة البحث تفهم احتياجاتهم بشكل أفضل‬‫ويشعرون بأن نتائج البحث ستكون ر‬

41
 `

Another positive aspect of data tracking is that people can be automatically

logged onto a site, rather than having to enter a password. 3.This is clearly
far more convenient, even though it is, of course, less secure.
ً ً
‫تلقائيا ًإىل الموقع بدال من إدخال‬ ‫إيجان آخر لتتبع البيانات هو أنه يمكن للمستخدمي تسجيل الدخول‬
‫ري‬ ‫جانب‬
‫ر‬
.‫ أقل أمانا‬،‫ بالطبع‬،‫ عىل الرغم من أنه‬،‫ هذا األمر أكت راحة بشكل واضح‬.3.‫كلمة المرور‬
4.In spite of these potential benefits, a significant number of people are
choosing to use ad-blocking software in order to avoid digital advertising
altogether. In some cases, this is because they find the adverts annoying but
it is also because of a desire to avoid being tracked online. In most cases, this
is probably harmless.
‫ يختار عدد كبت من األشخاص استخدام برامج حظر اإلعالنات لتجنب‬،‫ عىل الرغم من هذه الفوائد المحتملة‬.4
ً ً ‫اإلعالنات الرقمية‬
‫ ولكن هناك أيضا رغبة يف‬،‫ يكون السبب هو أن اإلعالنات مزعجة‬،‫ يف بعض الحاالت‬.‫تماما‬
‫تجنب التتبع عت ر‬
.‫ ربما يكون ذلك غت ضار‬،‫ يف معظم الحاالت‬.‫اإلنتنت‬ ‫ر‬
5.Nevertheless, a surprising amount of information can be collected: what
you have bought, where you have been, what you have ‘liked’ on social
media, and a great deal more. Most people really have very little idea how
much data is being given away every time they click, or what that data will be
used for.
‫ وما الذي أعجبك عىل وسائل‬،‫ وأين كنت‬،‫اشتيته‬ ‫ ما الذي ر‬:‫ يمكن جمع كمية مذهلة من المعلومات‬،‫ومع ذلك‬.5
‫ر‬
‫ معظم الناس ليس لديهم أدن فكرة عن مقدار البيانات ي‬،‫ يف الواقع‬.‫ والكثت غت ذلك‬،‫االجتماع‬
‫الن يتم‬ ‫ي‬ ‫التواصل‬
.‫ أو كيف سيتم استخدام تلك البيانات‬،‫مشاركتها يف كل مرة ينقرون فيها‬
In conclusion, it seems obvious that while people remain largely unaware and
unable to make informed choices, the ability of companies to collect data
should be limited or they should be required to specifically ask for permission.
‫ يبدو من الواضح أنه طالما أن الناس يظلون غت مدركي إىل حد كبت وغت قادرين عىل اتخاذ قرارات‬،‫يف الختام‬
.‫الشكات عىل جمع البيانات أو إلزامها بطلب إذن ضيـ ــح من المستخدمي‬ ‫ فيجب الحد من قدرة ر‬،‫مستنتة‬

42
 `

Students Book Page 35 Exercise 4

4. Complete the Writing box with examples from the text.
.‫أكمل مربــع الكتابة بأمثلة من النص‬
WRITING | A for-and-against essay
Introduction ‫المقدمـ ــة‬
ّ
• Summarise the topic of the essay: ‫لخص موضوع المقال‬
1 These days it is extremely common for companies to …
ً
‫جدا أن تقوم ر‬
...‫الشكات بـ‬ ‫ من الشائع‬،‫يف الوقت الحاض‬
In recent years, it has become more and more common …
‫ أصبح من الشائع بشكل ر‬،‫ف السنوات األختة‬
...‫متايد‬ ‫ي‬
• Outline what you are going to discuss: ‫حدد ما ستناقشه‬
2 Some people feel … whereas others … ‫ بينما يشعر آخرون بـ‬...‫يشعر بعض الناس بـ‬

Main body "‫الجســم "العرض‬

• In your first main paragraph, give arguments in favour of the situation:
‫ قدم الحجج المؤيدة للوضع‬،‫يف فقرتك الرئيسية األوىل‬
There may be some clear 3 benefits to doing … ‫قد تكون هناك بعض الفوائد الواضحة لـ‬
Another positive 4 aspect of … is … ‫ هو‬... ‫إيجان آخر من‬
‫ري‬ ‫جانب‬
There may be some clear benefits to doing … ‫قد تكون هناك بعض الفوائد الواضحة لفعل‬
• In your second main paragraph, give arguments against the situation:
:‫المعارضة للوضع‬ِ ‫ قدم الحجج‬،‫يف فقرتك الرئيسية الثانية‬
In spite of these 5 potential benefits, many people ...
...‫ العديد من الناس‬،‫عىل الرغم من هذه الفوائد المحتملة‬
Nevertheless, many people feel … ‫ يشعر العديد من الناس بـ‬،‫ومع ذلك‬
َّ ُ
It is 6 estimated that … ‫يقدر أنه‬
ُ
It is commonly believed that … ‫يعتقد بشكل شائع أن‬
It is argued by some people that … ‫يجادل بعض الناس بأن‬
Many people are of the opinion that … ‫يعتقد الكثت من الناس أن‬
Conclusion ‫الخـاتمــة‬
• Summarise and give your opinion: ‫لخص وقدم رأيك‬
In conclusion, it seems 7 obvious that … ‫ يبدو من الواضح أن‬،‫يف الختام‬
ّ
In my considered opinion … ‫المتأن‬
‫ي‬ ‫أن‬‫يف ر ي ي‬

43
 `

Students Book Page 35 Exercise 5

5. In pairs, study the linkers (words or phases used to link ideas) in the box
below. Then find the linkers used in sentences 1–5 in the essay.
‫ ثم ابحث عن الروابط المستخدمة‬.‫ادرس الروابط (الكلمات أو العبارات المستخدمة لربط األفكار) يف المربــع أدناه‬
.‫ يف المقال‬5–1 ‫يف الجمل‬
Conjunctions of contrast while: ‫بينما‬
‫ الربط بي التباين‬whereas: ‫ف حي‬
Conjunctions of concession although: ‫عىل الرغم من أن‬
‫ الربط بي التنازل‬even though: ‫حن وإن كان‬ ‫ر‬
Prepositions of contrast despite: ‫عىل الرغم من‬
‫ حروف الجر للتباين‬in spite of: ‫بالرغم من‬
Adverbs of contrast ‫ظروف التباين‬ however: ‫ومع ذلك‬
nevertheless: ‫مع ذلك‬
nonetheless: ‫رغم ذلك‬

Answers
1. whereas - conjunction of contrast 2. Although - conjunction of concession
3. even though - conjunction of concession 4. In spite of - preposition of contrast
5. Nevertheless - adverb of contrast

Students Book Page 35 Exercise 6

6. Combine sentences 1–3 with sentences a–c using the words in brackets.
.‫ باستخدام الكلمات يف األقواس‬a–c ‫ مع الجمل‬3–1 ‫دمج الجمل‬
1. Many cookies are harmless. ‫العديد من الكوكت غت ضارة‬
2. There were several cyber attacks last year.‫الماض‬ ‫ي‬ ‫سيتانية العام‬
‫حدثت عدة هجمات ر‬
3. Good cookies make websites more user friendly.
.‫أكت سهولة يف االستخدام‬ ‫الكوكت الجيدة تجعل المواقع ر‬
a. It should be possible to use the sites without accepting them. (nevertheless)
b. Some are designed to steal private information. (however)
c. Most companies have not changed their security systems. (in spite of)
Answers
1. (a) Many cookies are harmless. Nevertheless, it should be possible to use the sites
without accepting them.
2. (c) In spite of there having been / In spite of the fact that there were several
major cyber attacks last year, most companies have not changed their security
systems.
3. (b) Good cookies make websites more user-friendly. However, some are designed
to steal private information.

44
 `

Students Book Page 35 Exercise 7

7. CRITICAL THINKING Study Active Writing and read the essay topic below.
Make a note of different perspectives on the topic that you could use in your
essay.
‫ قم بتدوين مالحظات حول وجهات النظر‬.‫قم بدراسة الكتابة النشطة واقرأ موضوع المقال أدناه‬: ‫التفكت النقدي‬
.‫الن يمكنك استخدامها يف مقالك‬‫ر‬
‫المختلفة ي‬
Nowadays, young people can create a presence on social media through
photos, updates and comments. Write an essay discussing the advantages and
disadvantages of this practice.
‫ يمكن للشباب إنشاء حضور عىل وسائل التواصل االجتماع من خالل الصور والتحديثات‬،‫ف الوقت الحاض‬
ً
.‫ اكتب مقاًل تناقش فيه مزايا وعيوب هذه الممارسة‬.‫والتعليقات‬
Answers Students’ own answers

ACTIVE WRITING | Evaluating others’ views ‫تقييم آراء اآلخرين‬

A for-and-against essay needs to introduce different perspectives and critically
evaluate them, considering in what ways they may have good arguments as well
as any flaws. In your essay, explain how arguments made by others are strong as
well as point out any weaknesses in them.
ً ‫المقال الجدل (مع وضد) يحتاج إل تقديم وجهات نظر مختلفة وتقييمها‬
‫ مع األخذ ف االعتبار كيفية تقديمها‬،‫نقديا‬
ً ‫ ر‬،‫وضح كيف أن الحجج الت يطرحها اآلخرون قوية‬ ّ
‫وأش أيضا‬ ،‫ ف مقالك‬.‫لحجج قوية وكذلك أي عيوب قد تحتوي ها‬
.‫إل أي نقاط ضعف فيها‬
Students Book Page 35 Exercise 8
8. WRITING TASK Write your essay. Use the Writing box to help you.
.‫ استخدم مربــع الكتابة لمساعدتك‬.‫اكتب مقالك‬: ‫مهمة الكتابة‬
• Make an outline plan and notes for each paragraph. Use your ideas from
ً ً ً
Exercise 7. 7 ‫ استخدم أفكارك من التمرين‬.‫تفصيليا وخطوطا عريضة لكل فقرة‬ ‫ضع مخططا‬
• Make sure you consider both sides of the argument. ‫تأكد من مراعاة جانت الحجة‬
• Use impersonal passive structures where possible and include phrases of
contrast where appropriate.
‫وضمن عبارات للمقارنة والتناقض حيث يكون ذلك‬ ّ ،‫استخدم تراكيب المبت للمجهول غي الشخص حيثما أمكن‬
ً
.‫مناسبا‬
Answers Students’ own answers

➢ Use the Graphic Organiser to help you plan your writing.

.‫البيان لمساعدتك يف تخطيط كتابتك‬
‫ي‬ ‫استخدم المنظم‬

45
 `

08 Revision WB P26
VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR
Choose the correct words to complete the text. ‫اخت الكلمات الصحيحة إلكمال النص‬‫ر‬
Many young people spend a lot of time working on their online image. Some of
them 1. feature (‫ )متة‬/ curate (‫ )ينظم‬their image like this for fun, others feel it is
an important part of who they are, and some just want to 2. fit in (‫ )يندمج‬/ hold
ُ
down (‫ )يحافظ عىل‬with a certain group of friends. Teens use their smart 3. gadgets
(‫ )أدوات‬/ devices (‫ )أجهزة‬to blog, comment and communicate their ideas and often
post photos that have been 4. embedded (‫ ) ُمدمج‬/ enhanced (‫ )محسن‬with the
5.latest (‫ )أحدث‬/ outdated (‫ )قديم‬app installed on their phones.
Answers 1. feature 2. fit in 3. devices 4. enhanced 5. latest
2. Complete the sentences with the passive form of the verbs in brackets and
by/with where necessary.
.‫" عند الحاجة‬with" ‫" أو‬by" ‫المبن للمجهول لألفعال بي القوسي مع إضافة‬
‫ي‬ ‫أكمل الجمل باستخدام الشكل‬
1. The number of smart devices that………………………………..(use) globally is going
up all the time.
2. I ………………………………..(wake up) the neighbour’s faulty burglar alarm again
last night.
3. They didn’t remember that they ………………………………..(ask) to write a review
of the new app.
4. The factory ……………………………….. (just / automate) so some people have lost
their jobs.
5. I think all our houses ……………………………….. (control) powerful computers soon.
Answers
1. are used 2. was woken up by 3. had been asked 4. has just been automated
5. will be controlled by
3. Rewrite the sentences in the passive. ‫المبن للمجهول‬
‫ي‬ ‫أعد كتابة الجمل بصيغة‬
1. More people are buying smart household appliances these days.
More smart household appliances…………………………………………………………………….….
2. People claim that virtual reality experiences are exactly the same as the
real thing.
It……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. People expect that self-driving cars will reduce the number of traffic
accidents.
It…............................................................................................
4. We believe that at least 20 companies have lost important data due to the
recent computer virus.
Important data……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Answers
1. are being bought these days.
2. is claimed that virtual reality experiences are exactly the same as the real thing.
3. is expected that self-driving cars will reduce the number of traffic accidents
4. is believed to have been lost by at least …

46
 `

USE OF ENGLISH
4. Complete the second sentence using the word in bold so that it means the
same as the first one. Use no more than five words, including the word in
bold.
‫ استخدم خمس‬.‫أكمل الجملة الثانية باستخدام الكلمة بالخط العريض بحيث تحمل نفس المعن للجملة األوىل‬
.‫ بما يف ذلك الكلمة بالخط العريض‬،‫كلمات كحد أقص‬
1. The number of users increased dramatically. DRAMATIC
There……………………………………………………………………………. the number of users.
2. I met an old friend by chance yesterday. BUMPED
…………………………………………………………………………………..an old friend yesterday.
3. There has been a slight drop in the number of sales recently. DROPPED
The number of sales………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. Some people find it difficult to keep a job. DOWN
Some people find it difficult to……………………………………………………………………….
Answers
1. was a dramatic increase in 2. By chance, I bumped into
3 has dropped slightly recently/ has recently dropped slightly/ has slightly dropped
recently 4. hold down a job

SPEAKING
6. The photos show technology being used for entertainment. Take it in turns
to compare the photos. Then ask the questions.
ً
.‫ ثم اطرحوا األسئلة‬.‫أدوارا يف مقارنة الصور‬ ‫ُتظهر الصور استخدام التكنولوجيا ف ر‬
‫ خذوا‬.‫التفيه‬ ‫ي‬
Student A: Why do people take selfies?
‫سيلف؟‬
‫ي‬ ‫ لماذا يأخذ الناس صور‬:‫الطالب أ‬
Student B: What are the advantages and disadvantages of virtual reality?
‫ر‬
‫اض؟‬ ‫ ما ي‬:‫الطالب ب‬
‫ه مزايا وعيوب الواقع االفت ي‬

Answers: Student’s answers

47
 `

5. Choose the correct words a–d to complete the text.

‫ر‬
.‫( إلكمال النص‬a–d) ‫اخت الكلمات الصحيحة من األلف إىل الدال‬
MOOC stands for Massive Open Online Course. There has been a1…………… growth
in their number since they appeared early this century. In fact, paper and
envelope-based distance-learning courses are rarely found these days, and are
considered 2……………
MOOCs use Internet-based learning platforms, whose 3…………. is improving all the
time. Glitches are unusual. Students rarely come 4…………. against technical issues
provided the device they are using to access their course isn’t outdated.
5…………… in the past educational opportunities were limited by financial
resources and geographical location, anyone anywhere can study on a MOOC as
long as they have Internet access. It is 6………… believed that education is
being revolutionised by MOOCs, as the vast majority are free and qualifications
are not required to register for them. They are usually taken by people interested
in improving their knowledge, or by those who wish to see if they are sufficiently
interested in a subject to study it in more depth. 7………………………., MOOCs
currently have no formal assessment system or certification.
1. a. slight (‫)طفيف‬ b. dramatic (‫اماتيك‬
‫ي‬ ‫)در‬
c. short (‫)قصت‬ d. forward (‫)إىل األمام‬
َّ ُ
2. a. upgraded (‫)محدث‬ b. declined (‫)انخفض‬
c. embedded (‫)مدمج‬ ُ d. obsolete (‫)عفا عليه الزمن‬
3. a. functionality (‫)الوظائف‬ b. appliance (‫)جهاز‬
c. use (‫)استخدام‬ d. function (‫)وظيفة‬
4. a. down (‫)إىل أسفل‬ b. on (‫)عىل‬
c. up (‫)إىل األعىل‬ d. back (‫)إىل الوراء‬
5. a. Nevertheless (‫)ومع ذلك‬ b. Despite (‫)رغم‬
c. However (‫)مع ذلك‬ d. Whereas (‫)بينما‬
ً
6. a. obviously (‫)من الواضح‬ b. very (‫)جدا‬
ً
c. much (‫)كثتا‬ d. commonly (‫)بشكل شائع‬
7. a. Though (‫)مع أن‬ b. Although (‫)رغم أن‬
c. However (‫)مع ذلك‬ d. Despite (‫)رغم‬
Answers: 1 b 2 d 3 a 4 c 5 d 6 d 7 c

WRITING
7. People spend a lot of time curating their online profiles. Write an essay
providing argumentsً for and against this practice.
ً ‫يقص الناس الكثت من الوقت ف تنظيم ملفاتهم الشخصية عىل ر‬
‫ اكتب مقاًل يقدم حججا لصالح‬.‫اإلنتنت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
.‫ومعارضة لهذه الممارسة‬
Use the Graphic Organiser to help you plan your writing.
.‫البيان لمساعدتك يف تخطيط كتابتك‬
‫ي‬ ‫استخدم المنظم‬
Answers: Student’s answers

48
 `

Word List SB P66

LESSON 1A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
ُ
alert (v) /əˌlɜːt (‫)ي ّنبه‬
facial recognition software /ˌfeɪʃəl ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən ˌsɒftweə/ (‫)برنامج التعرف عىل الوجوه‬
hack into something /ˈhæk ˌɪntə ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ (‫شء‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫)االختاق يف ي‬
household appliance (n) /ˈhaʊshəʊld əˌplaɪəns/ (‫)جهاز مت يىل‬
malfunction (n) /mælˈfʌŋkʃən/ (‫)عطل‬
sensor (n) /ˈsensə/ (‫)حساس‬
smart device /ˌsmɑːt dɪˈvaɪs/ (‫ذك‬ ‫)جهاز ي‬
track (v) /ˌtræk/ (‫)يتتبع‬ wearable (n) /ˈweərəbəl/ (‫)قابل لالرتداء‬
LESSON 2A SPEAKING AND VOCABULARY
decline (n,v) /dɪˈklaɪn/ (‫)انخفاض‬
decrease (n, v) /ˈdiːkriːs/ (‫)تخفيض‬
downwards (adv) /ˈdaʊnwədz/ (‫)إىل أسفل‬
drop (n,v) /drɒp/ (‫)سقوط‬
go down (phr v) /ˌɡəʊ ˈdaʊn/ (‫)ينخفض‬
go up dramatically /ˌɡəʊ ˈʌp drəˈmætɪkli/ (‫اماتيك‬ ‫ي‬ ‫)يرتفع بشكل در‬
gradually (adv) /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ (‫ريح‬ ‫)بشكل تد ر ي‬ growth (n) /ɡrəʊθ/ (‫)نمو‬
illustrate (v) /ˈɪləstreɪt/ (‫)يوضح‬ increase (n, v) /ˈɪnkriːs/ (‫)زيادة‬
ً ‫ر‬
overall (adj) /ˌəʊvərˈɔːl/ (‫)إجماىل‬
‫ي‬ remain steady /rɪˈmeɪn ˌstedi/ (‫)يبف ثابتا‬
sharply (adv) /ˈʃɑːpli/ (‫)بحدة‬ slightly (adv) /ˈslaɪtli/ (‫)بشكل طفيف‬
steadily (adv) /ˈstedəli/ (‫)بثبات‬ upwards (adv) /ˈʌpwədz/ (‫)إىل األعىل‬
LESSON 3A VOCABULARY
back up (phr v) /ˌbæk ˈʌp/ (‫)يدعم‬ bug (n) /bʌɡ/ (‫)خلل‬
compatibility (n) /kəmˌpætəˈbɪləti/ (‫)توافق‬ dated (adj) /ˈdeɪtɪd/ (‫)مؤرخ‬
functionality (n) /ˌfʌŋkʃəˈnæləti/ (‫)الوظائف‬ gadget (n) /ɡædʒɪt/ (‫)أداة‬
glitch (n) /ɡlɪtʃ/ (‫)عطل‬ handle (v) /ˈhændl/ (‫)يتعامل مع‬
latest (adj) /ˈleɪtɪst/ (‫)أحدث‬
obsolete (adj) /ˈɒbsəliːt/ (‫)عفا عليه الزمن‬
old-fashioned (adj) /ˌəʊld ˈfæʃənd/ (‫)عتيق‬
outdated (adj) /ˌaʊtˈdeɪtɪd/ (‫)قديم‬
upgrade (v) /ʌpˈɡreɪd/ (‫)تحديث‬
state-of-the-art technology /ˌsteɪt əv ðiː ˈɑːt tekˈnɒlədʒi/ (‫)تقنية حديثة‬
LESSON 4A READING AND VOCABULARY
attribute (n) /ˈætrəbjuːt/ (‫)سمة‬
curate (v) /ˈkjʊərət/ (‫)ينظم‬
deceptive (adj) /dɪˈseptɪv/ (‫)خادع‬
enhance (v) /ɪnˈhɑːns/ (‫)يعزز‬
flattering (adj) /ˈflætərɪŋ/ (‫)مبالغ يف المدح‬
flaw (n) /flɔː/ (‫)عيب‬ superficial (adj) /ˌsuːpəˈfɪʃəl/ (‫)سطح‬
‫ي‬

49
 `

50
 `

51
 `

Unit Nine

09 Highs and lows

Unit 9, Lesson 1A Conditionals ‫الشطية‬ ‫لو ر‬
‫االرتفاعات واالنخفاضات‬

‫الن ترتبط مع أداة رشط وجملة جواب ر‬

‫الشط ال يكون‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫تكون الجملة يف " لو الشطية" مكونه من جملة الشط ي‬
. ‫فيها أداة رشط‬
Zero Conditional: we use it to describe something that always happens (the
inevitable consequence) after a certain action or event.
ً ‫يستخدم لوصف رشء يحدث‬
.‫دائما (النتيجة الحتمية) بعد إجراء أو حدث معي‬ ‫ي‬
.‫يستخدم مع الحقيقة العلمية والحقيقة العامة غت ذلك يجب وجود دليل من المضارع البسيط‬
‫جملة ر‬
‫الشط‬ ‫الشط‬‫جواب ر‬
If present simple , present simple
If verb1 / verb1 + s , verb1 / verb1 + s
If don’t / doesn’t + verb 1 , don’t / doesn’t + verb1
...‫ وتستخدم حسب المعن‬If ‫التاىل مكان‬ ‫تأن أحد ادوات ر‬‫ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫الشط‬ ‫قد ي‬
Unless = if not ‫مالم‬ When = if‫عندما‬ Even if =if ‫حن لو‬‫ر‬
Provided that = if ‫فوق ذلك‬ As long as = if ‫طالما‬
‫الشط مع حذف الفاصلة‬ ‫الشط عىل جملة ر‬‫ قد يتقدم جواب ر‬: ‫مالحظة‬
1. If you ……..…………………….…… water to 100 degrees Celsius, it boils. (heat)
2. If plants ……..…………………….…… enough sunlight, they die. (not get)
3. Water……..…………………….…… to ice if the temperature falls below zero. (turn)
4. During Ramadan , we……..…………………….…… when the sun sets. (eat)

Answers: 1. heat 2. don’t get 3. turns 4. eat

First Conditional: we use t to describe a future outcome of a certain future

action or event.
.‫مستقبىل معي‬
‫ي‬ ‫يستخدم لوصف نتيجة مستقبلية إلجراء أو حدث‬
‫ر‬
‫جملة الشط‬ ‫جواب ر‬
‫الشط‬
If present simple , modal + (not) infinitive (Future simple)
If verb1 / verb1 + s , will verb1
If don’t / doesn’t + verb 1 , will not (won’t) verb1
Modals: can/must/may
1. I can lend you some money if you……..…………………….…… it back soon. (give)
2. Hala will be happy if she ……..…………………….…… any present. (get)
3. She won’t be slim If she ……..…………………….…… eating so much chocolate.(not stop)
4. It won't be possible unless they ……..…………………….…… us. (support)

Answers: 1. give 2. gets 3. doesn’t stop 4. support

52
 `

Second Conditional: to talk about an unlikely or imaginary situation in the

present or future.
.‫للتحدث عن حالة غت محتملة أو خيالية يف الحاض أو المستقبل‬
‫ر‬
‫جملة الشط‬ ‫الشط‬ ‫جواب ر‬
If past simple , past modal + (not) infinitive
If verb 2 , would verb1
If didn’t + verb1 , wouldn’t verb1
Modals: might/could
If I were a professional sportsman, I’d probably be much richer now.
.‫يف صيغة اعطاء النصيحة يوجد عدة اشكال من اعادة الكتابة لكنها جميها تبدأ من عند المودل‬
If I were you, I would (not) Why don't you (infinitive)
1. If I ……………………………………you, I would stay home. (be)
2. I ……………………………………the seven seas if I had a yacht. (sail)
3. If they ……………………………………their father, he would be angry. (tell)
4. I ……………………………………you if I knew how. (help)
Answers: 1. were 2. Would sail 3. told 4. would help

Third Conditional: to talk about an imaginary situation in the past:

.‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫للتحدث عن حالة خيالية يف‬
‫ر‬
‫جملة الشط‬ ‫ر‬
‫جواب الشط‬
If past perfect , past modal have past participle (Verb 3)
If had past participle (Verb 3) , would have past participle (Verb 3)
If hadn’t past participle (Verb 3) , wouldn’t have past participle (Verb 3)
Modals: might/could
If I hadn’t done all those things, I wouldn’t have done so well at university.
1. Unless there ……………………………………so many sharks in the sea, we would
have swum. (be)
2. If I ……………………………………my leg, I would have taken part in the concert.
(not break)
3. I would have written you a postcard if I ……………………………………your address.
(have)te
4. He……………………………………me to the airport if the car had not broken down.
(take)
Answers: 1.had been 2. had not broken 3. had had 4. would have taken

53
 `

Exercises
1. We should always be polite………………………….…..we feel tired.
A) as long as B) Even if C) when D) Unless
2. I will take the job offer………………………….…..it's part-time. I haven't finished
my university studies yet.
A) provided that B) as long a C) when D) Unless
3. If Noor doesn’t come tomorrow, I will go alone.
- The sentence which has a similar meaning to the one above is……..
A) Unless Noor comes tomorrow, I will go alone.
B) Unless Noor doesn’t come tomorrow, I will go alone.
C) Unless Noor comes tomorrow, I would go alone.
D) If Noor comes tomorrow, I will go alone.
4. Unless somebody cleans the kitchen, my mother will be angry. This means….
A) If nobody cleans the kitchen, my mother won't be angry.
B) If nobody cleans the kitchen, my mother will be angry.
C) Unless nobody cleans the kitchen, my mother will be angry.
D) If somebody cleans the kitchen, my mother will be angry.
5. Babies are usually happy ………………………….…..they're hungry or cold.
A) If B) as long as C) even if D) Unless
6. I had a headache yesterday, and I didn't do well in the Maths test. This means….
A) I might do well in Maths test if I hadn't had a headache yesterday.
B) I might not have done well in Maths test if I had had a headache yesterday.
C) I might not have done well in Maths test unless I hadn't had a headache yesterday.
D) I might have done well in Maths test if I hadn't had a headache yesterday.
7. I will still make time to speak to my friends …………………………I travel a lot.
A) as long as B) even if C) when D) Unless
8. Alkilany left his camera at home, so he wasn't able to take pictures.
- The sentence which has a similar meaning to the one above is……..
A) If Alkilany hadn't left his camera at home, he could have taken pictures.
B) If Alkilany left his camera at home, he could have taken pictures.
C) If Alkilany hadn't left his camera at home, he could take pictures.
D) If Alkilany had left his camera at home, he could have taken pictures.
9. They didn’t stop to eat because they were very late.
- The sentence which has a similar meaning to the one above is……..
A) If they were very late, they would have stopped to eat.
B) If they hadn’t been very late, they would have stopped to eat.
C) If they hadn’t been very late, they would stop to eat.
D) If they had been very late, they would have stopped to eat.

54
 `

10. I didn't know your phone number, so I wasn't able to contact you.
- The sentence which has a similar meaning to the one above is……..
A) I could have been able to contact you if I hadn’t known your phone number.
B) I could have been able to contact you if I knew your phone number.
C) I could have been able to contact you if I had known your phone number.
D) I could have been able to contact you unless I had known your phone number.
11.Even if we …………………right now, we still won't catch the train.
A) leave B) left C) will leave D) would leave
12. Provided that we had booked our flight earlier, it ……............. cheaper.
A) wasn’t B) isn’t C) wouldn’t have been D) wouldn’t be
13. Give it to him if you usually …………………………………….him.
A) meet B) met C) will meet D) would meet
14. Unless she …………………………………., she'll have a headache.
A) has B) had C) will have D) would have
15.We don't come on time even if we ………………………………fast.
A) drove B) drive C) would have driven D) would drive
16. What will you do if Salma ……………………………………….?
A) refuses B) refused C) would have refused D) would refuse

Answers :1. B 2.A 3. A 4.B 5.D 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.A
14.A 15. B 16.A
Mixed conditionals
combine clauses from the second and third conditional types.
.‫الشط‬‫يجمع بي الجمل من النوعي الثان والثالث من جمل ر‬
‫ي‬
• We use this to talk about the effects of an imaginary present situation on the
past: ‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫يستخدم هذا للحديث عن تأثتات حالة خيالية يف الحاض عىل‬
- If + Past Simple, would (n’t) have + perfect infinitive:
If I didn’t speak Spanish, I’d never have met my Spanish friend.
(I speak Spanish. ‫ ➔النتيجة‬I met my friend.)
• We also use this to talk about the consequences in the present of an
imaginary past situation:
ً
.‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫نستخدم هذا أيضا للحديث عن العواقب يف الحاض لحالة خيالية يف‬
- If + Past Perfect, would (n’t) + infinitive:
If I’d won that competition, I’d be richer than I am now.
(I didn’t win. ‫ ➔ النتيجة‬I’m not rich.)
1. If she ............ more carefully, she wouldn’t have had an accident.
a) drives b) will drive c) had driven
2. If they had studied harder, they ............ better jobs now.
a) got b) would get c) will get

55
 `

3. If I ............ more money, I’d have traveled to Europe last summer.

a) had b) have c) will have
4. If you had taken the job, you ............ earning a higher salary now.
a) would be b) would have been c) will be
5. If she ............ the flight, she wouldn’t be stuck at the airport now.
a) will miss b) have missed c) hadn’t missed

Answers :1 - b) drove 2 - b) would get 3 - a) had 4 - a) would be 5 - c) hadn’t missed

Conditionals Page 38
Student’s Book Page 38 Exercise 4
4. THINK BACK Match the conditional sentences 1–4 with their types a–d.
‫طابق الجمل ر‬
a-d.‫ مع أنواعها‬4-1 ‫الشطية‬ ِ
1. □ If you read the travel pages, you’ll probably hear about a new tourist
attraction somewhere in the world.
2. □ If a tourist attraction is popular, it can be very good news for the
organisers.
3. □ Perhaps more people would have wanted to climb it if they hadn’t had to
splash out on an entrance fee.
4. □ If you drove the route, you would see castles, beaches and amazing
mountains.
a. zero conditional (A situation that the speaker considers is generally true.)
b. first conditional (A situation that the speaker considers is likely to happen.)
c. second conditional (A hypothetical situation in the present or future.)
d. third conditional (A hypothetical situation in the past.)
Answers 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 c

Mixed conditionals
Mixed conditionals combine clauses from both second and third conditionals:
‫الشط الثان ر‬
.‫والشط الثالث‬ ‫الشطية المختلطة بي جمل من ر‬ ‫تجمع الجمل ر‬
‫ي‬
• If + Past Perfect, would(n’t) + infinitive
We use this to talk about the present consequences of a hypothetical past
situation: ‫اض‬ ‫ر‬
‫اض يف الم ي‬‫نستخدم هذا للحديث عن العواقب الحالية لموقف افت ي‬
If I’d gone to university, I would have a better job.
• If + Past Simple, would(n’t) + perfect verb3
We use this to talk about the effects of a hypothetical present situation in the
past: ‫ض‬ ‫ر‬
‫اض يف الحاض عىل الما ي‬
‫نستخدم هذا للحديث عن تأثتات موقف افت ي‬
If she wasn’t clever, she wouldn’t have had such a good job.

56
 `

Student’s Book Page 39 Exercise 5

5. Study sentences a–b which have the same meaning. Why are sentences a
known as mixed conditionals? Check your answers ُ in the Grammar box.
ّ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫( بالجمل الشطية المختلطة؟ تحقق من‬a) ‫ لماذا تعرف الجمل‬.‫الن تحمل نفس المعن‬
‫( ي‬a–b) ‫ادرس الجمل‬
.‫إجاباتك يف مربــع القواعد‬
1. a. If they hadn’t made the North Coast 500, people would be poorer.
b. They made the North Coast 500, so people are not poorer.
2. a. If the organisers realised this, they would have done things differently,
perhaps.
b. The organisers do not realise this, so they didn’t do things differently.

Answers:
Sentences a are known as mixed conditionals as they combine clauses from both
second and third conditionals.

Student’s Book Page 39 Exercise 6

6. Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences.
‫ر‬
.‫اخت األشكال الصحيحة لألفعال إلكمال الجمل‬
1. If Issa isn’t / wasn’t afraid of snakes, he would have picked it up.
2. If he learnt/ had learnt to swim, he might be in the sea now.
3. I will / would be famous if I had taken that job.
4. If he fell / had fallen, he would be dead now.
5. If he looked / had looked at the map, he wouldn’t be lost.

Answer: 1. wasn’t 2. had learnt 3. would 4. had fallen 5. had looked

Student’s Book Page 39 Exercise 7

7. Read the article about refugees and use the verbs in brackets to complete
the sentences with correct conditional structures.
‫اقرأ المقال عن الالجئي واستخدم األفعال بي األقواس إلكمال الجمل ر‬
‫بالتكيبات ر‬
.‫الشطية الصحيحة‬
1. If Uganda hadn’t helped (help) so many people in need, it (have) the most
refugees of any African country.
2. If the Olympic Refuge Foundation…………………………… (not help) people, the
refugees …………………………… (have) more mental health problems.
3. If the refugees…………………………… (not be) top athletes, they……………………………
(compete) for the Refugee Olympic Team.
4. If Amelio Castro …………………………… (not lost) in Paris, he ……………………………
(get) a medal.
5. If some of the refugees …………………………… (not have) a desire to help other
people, they …………………………… (not want) to become coaches.

Answers: 1. wouldn’t have 2. didn’t help, might/would have

3. weren’t, would/might not have competed 4. hadn’t lost, might have got
5. didn’t have, would not want

57
 `

REFUGEES’ LONG JUMP TO SUCCESS

Being a refugee can be very difficult. Some people have to leave their homes,
family and jobs because of problems in their own country. But the Olympic
Refuge Foundation is using sport to give opportunities to these people, helping
young people to learn new skills, meet other people and to potentially find
success.
ً ً
ً ‫الجئا يمكن أن يكون‬
‫ بعض األشخاص يضطرون لمغادرة منازلهم وعائالتهم ووظائفهم بسبب‬.‫صعبا للغاية‬ ‫أمرا‬ ‫أن تكون‬
‫ مما يساعد‬،‫ لكن مؤسسة الالجئي األولمبية تستخدم الرياضة لتوفت الفرص لهؤالء األشخاص‬.‫المشاكل يف بالدهم‬
.‫ وإمكانية تحقيق النجاح‬،‫ مقابلة أشخاص آخرين‬،‫الشباب عىل تعلم مهارات جديدة‬
The African country of Uganda gives a home to more than 1.6 million refugees,
more than any other country in Africa. In 2020, the Olympic Refuge Foundation
started a project in Uganda to help many of the refugees through teaching them
sports. They found that sport helped their mental health by not only helping them
physically, but by helping them meet new friends as well.
‫ ر‬،‫الج‬
‫ بدأت‬،2020 ‫ يف عام‬.‫أكت من أي دولة أخرى يف إفريقيا‬ ‫ مليون ر ئ‬1.6 ‫أكت من‬ ‫دولة أوغندا اإلفريقية تستضيف ر‬
ً ‫ر‬
‫ اكتشفوا أن‬.‫مشوعا يف أوغندا لمساعدة العديد من الالجئي من خالل تعليمهم الرياضات‬ ‫مؤسسة الالجئي األولمبية‬
ً ً
‫ ولكن أيضا من خالل مساعدتهم يف‬،‫ ليس فقط من خالل مساعدتهم بدنيا‬،‫الرياضة ساعدت يف تحسي صحتهم النفسية‬
.‫تكوين صداقات جديدة‬
There are around 100 million refugees around the world. Some of the refugees
were top athletes already when they left their countries, and many are good
enough at their particular sport to be chosen for the Refugee Olympic Team. In
the Paris Olympics of 2024, there were 37 athletes in the team who had come
from 15 different countries.
‫ مليون ر ئ‬100 ‫يوجد حواىل‬
،‫ بعض الالجئي كانوا رياضيي متمتين بالفعل عندما غادروا بالدهم‬.‫الج يف جميع أنحاء العالم‬ ‫ي‬
‫ يف أولمبياد باريس‬.‫األولمن‬
‫ري‬ ‫والعديد منهم يمتلكون مهارات كافية يف رياضتهم الخاصة ليتم اختيارهم يف فريق الالجئي‬
ً
.‫ دولة مختلفة‬15 ‫رياضيا يف الفريق جاءوا من‬ 37 ‫ كان هناك‬،2024
They were able to complete in 12 different sports, including swimming, cycling,
canoeing and athletics. One of the athletes, Amelio Castro Grueso, competed in
the wheelchair fencing, but narrowly lost to another fencer.
Some of the Olympic refugees now want to become sports coaches so that they
can help young athletes to become successful, whatever their backgrounds.
‫ أحد‬.‫ وألعاب القوى‬،‫ والتجديف‬،‫ وركوب الدراجات‬،‫ بما يف ذلك السباحة‬،‫ رياضة مختلفة‬12 ‫تمكنوا من المشاركة يف‬
‫ بعض‬.‫ لكنه خش بفارق ضئيل أمام مبارز آخر‬،‫اش المتحركة‬ ‫ر‬
‫ شارك يف المبارزة عىل الكر ي‬،‫ أميليو كاستو غريسو‬،‫الرياضيي‬
‫الالجئي األولمبيي اآلن يرغبون ف أن يصبحوا مدربي رياضيي ر‬
‫حن يتمكنوا من مساعدة الرياضيي الشباب عىل أن‬ ‫ي‬
.‫ بغض النظر عن خلفياتهم‬،‫يصبحوا ناجحي‬

58
 `

LESSON 1B VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR WB P28

Workbook Page 28 Exercise 1
1. ★ Match the two parts of the sentences. ‫طابق بي جزأي الجمل‬
1. □ Unless you’re very well-off,
2. □ Zeinab wouldn’t run out of cash every month
3. □ You can live on very little
4. □ If the exams were easier,
5. □ My parents wouldn’t be as well-off as they are
a. if she didn’t splash out every time she went shopping.
b. you’ll need to borrow money to buy a house.
c. if I’d gone to a costly private school.
d. I wouldn’t have had to work so hard to pass my exams.
e. if you manage your fi nances carefully.

Answers: 1. b 2. a 3. e 4. d 5. c
Workbook Page 28 Exercise 2
2. ★ Match types of conditionals a–e with sentences 1–5 from Exercise 1.
‫طابق أنواع الجمل ر‬
.1 ‫ من التمرين‬5 ‫ إىل‬1 ‫ـ مع الجمل‬e ‫ إىل‬a ‫الشطية من‬
a. □ Zero conditional: a situation that the speaker considers always true.
b. □ First conditional: a situation that is likely to happen in the future.
c. □ Second conditional: a hypothetical or improbable situation in the present
or future.
d. □ Mixed conditional: the present consequences of a hypothetical past
situation.
e. □ Mixed conditional: the effects of a hypothetical present situation on the
past.

Answers: a. 3 b. 1 c. 2 d. 5 e. 4
Workbook Page 28 Exercise 3
3. ★ Read the sentences. Then choose the correct words to complete
explanations a and b. ‫الشحي أ و ب‬ ‫ ثم ر‬.‫اقرأ الجمل‬
‫اخت الكلمات الصحيحة إلكمال ر‬
1. If video games weren’t so costly, I’d buy a new one every month.
a. Video games are / aren’t costly.
b. I buy / don’t buy a new one every month.
2. If you don’t buy the car today, it will be more expensive tomorrow.
a. You are recommended / not recommended to buy the car today.
b. The car costs more / less today than it will tomorrow.
3. If we were affluent, we would’ve bought a big flat.
a. We are / aren’t affluent.
b. We bought / didn’t buy a big flat.

Answers: a. are, b. don’t buy 2. a. recommended, b. less 3. a. aren’t, b. didn’t buy

59
 `

Workbook Page 28 Exercise 4

4. ★★ Complete the sentences with the phrases from the box. There is one
extra phrase. ‫ هناك عبارة إضافية‬.‫أكمل الجمل باستخدام العبارات من الصندوق‬
cancel ’ll pick you up weren’t struggling would have to
wouldn’t be feeling wouldn’t need
1. If we spent more on society, fewer people would have to live in hardship.
2. If we’d eaten breakfast, we………………………………. so hungry now.
3. If our house hadn’t been burgled, I………………………………. a replacement
passport.
4. I………………………………. at 6 p.m. outside the shopping centre unless I hear
differently.
5. ………………………………. your bank cards immediately if you lose your wallet.

Answers: 2. wouldn’t be feeling 3. wouldn’t need 4. ’ll pick you up 5. Cancel

Workbook Page 29 Exercise 5

5. ★★ Complete the mini-conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in
brackets. Use short forms where possible.
‫ استخدم الصيغ المخترصة حيثما‬.‫أكمل المحادثات القصتة باستخدام األشكال الصحيحة لألفعال بي األقواس‬
.‫أمكن‬
Eman: If I 1……………………………. (pass) my exams, I would be at university now.
Dalia: True, but at least you are earning money rather than getting into debt.

Fadi: Don’t you know what to do?

Ali: Fadi, if I knew what to do, I 2……………………………. (not ask) you.

Alma: I thought you were one of those unusual people who don’t like
chocolate.
Heba: If I 3……………………………. (not like) chocolate, I wouldn’t have made
chocolate cake, would I?

Nawal: If I was richer, I 4……………………………. (donate) some money to help poor

people.
Sana: You could donate some food instead.

Nour: If you 5……………………………. (not be) so extravagant during your last

shopping trip, you’d have enough money left to go out this weekend.
Muna: I know, I know!

Answers: 1. ’d passed 2. wouldn’t have asked/wouldn’t be asking 3. didn’t like

4. would donate/would have donated 5. hadn’t been

60
 `

Workbook Page 29 Exercise 6

LAMP-SHOP ‫متجر المصابيح‬

The Adjusta-Lamp Pro is the best smart desk lamp on the market. Believe us, if
they 1…………………………… so great, we wouldn’t have installed them as standard in
our own offices! Adjusta-Lamp Pro is available now at a bargain price. If you miss
this special offer, you 2…………………………… regret it. Why? Because
3…………………………… we say bargain, we mean BARGAIN! If you 4……………………………
this lamp at any other shop, it would cost at least 99 JOD, but we’re proud to
offer it for just 59 JOD!
Place your order now as stocks are running out fast! In fact, if we’d known how
popular this lamp was going to be, we 5…………………………… have offered it at such
a low price!
24-hour delivery guaranteed – if you’d ordered last night, it 6……………………………
sitting on your desk right now! Don’t wait another day. Order right away!
6. ★★ USE OF ENGLISH Choose the correct words a–c to complete the text
below. ‫ر‬
‫اخت الكلمات الصحيحة من أ إىل ج إلكمال النص أعاله‬
1. a. aren’t b. weren’t c. wouldn’t be
2. a. ’re b. ’d c. ’ll
3. a. unless b. as c. when
4. a. buy b. bought c. ’d buy
5. a. mightn’t b. might c. will
6. a. would be b. is c. will be
Answers: 1 b 2 c 3 c 4 b 5 a 6 a
Workbook Page 29 Exercise 7
7. ★★★ Complete the sentences with unless, if or, where possible, when.
.‫حيثما أمكن‬when ‫أو‬if ‫أو‬unless ‫أكمل الجمل باستخدام‬
1. Unless you run, you’re going to be late for the lesson.
2. You’ll laugh………………… I tell you what happened to me yesterday.
3. ………………… you don’t feel like going, then don’t go!
4. Don’t bother making co ee for me …………………you’re making one yourself.
5. …………………I told you a secret, would you be able to keep it?
6. …………………the clock strikes midday, the race will begin.
Answers: 2. if/when 3. If 4. unless 5. If 6. When

Workbook Page 29 Exercise 7

8. ★★★ Write a paragraph explaining how your life would have been different
if you’d grown up in a different country.
‫اكتب فقرة ر‬
.‫تشح كيف كانت حياتك ستختلف لو نشأت يف بلد آخر‬

61
 `

I wish/If only ‫ لو أن‬/ ‫أتمن‬

‫ي‬
Expressing dissatisfaction and regret ‫التعبت عن االستياء والندم‬
. ‫لشء حدث ونتمن عكس ما حدث‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫لشء غت الذي حدث والندم يكون ي‬ ‫التمن يكون ي‬
‫ي‬
. ‫شء اخر‬ ‫يوجد تمن ف المضارع والماض ونقوم بتغيت الفعل فقط ف التمن وال نغت ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي ي‬
.‫والمنف يصبح مثبت اال يف حاالت شاذة سوف يتم ذكرها الحقا‬
‫ي‬ ‫منف‬
‫ي‬ ‫ح‬ ‫يصب‬ ‫المثبت‬ ‫قاعدة‬ ‫ونطبق‬

‫الفعل‬ ‫التحويل‬ ‫الفعل‬ ‫التحويل‬

Verb 1 - Verb 1 +s/es didn’t + V1 ‫مجرد‬ don’t/doesn’t + V1 ‫مجرد‬ Verb 2
didn’t + V1 ‫مجرد‬ had Verb 3 Verb 2 hadn’t verb 3
is / am /are weren’t isn’t / am not / aren’t Were
was / were hadn’t been wasn’t / weren’t had been
has / have Verb3 hadn’t Verb3 hasn’t / haven’t Verb3 had Verb3
had hadn’t Verb 3 hadn’t had Verb 3
Will wouldn’t Would wouldn’t
won't (will not) Would wouldn’t Would
can couldn’t Could couldn’t
can't (cannot) Could couldn’t Could
should have verb 3 had Verb3 shouldn’t have verb 3 hadn’t Verb 3
regret V ing hadn’t Verb3 regret being hadn’t been
must\have to\has to didn't have to would like to V1 ‫مجرد‬ Verb 2
could have verb 3 had Verb3 couldn’t have verb 3 hadn’t Verb 3

• We use I wish / If only + past to talk about present regrets:

.‫الماض" للحديث عن الندم يف الوقت الحاض‬
‫ي‬ "I wish / If only + ‫نستخدم‬
I wish I had a car. (I don’t have a car.) If only I was/were taller. (I’m not tall.)
1. Huda makes a lot of mistakes
I wish Huda ………………………………….………………………………………………………………
2. Sami doesn't have a mobile phone.
Sami wishes ……………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. Sami has to post the letters tomorrow.
I wish …………………………………………………….……………………………………………………….
4. There is so much traffic jam in our streets.
If only …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………….
5. There are not so many bridges and tunnels on our streets
We wish……………………………………………………………………………………………….………..
6. Jad can't swim very well.
Jad wishes…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
7. Fadi won't come with us tomorrow.
If only…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
8. We'd like to have more facilities in our school.
If only ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………

62
 `

9. They have written the answers in ink.

I wish……………………….…………………………………………………………………………………..
10. I have never been to Petra.
I wish……………………………………………….……………….……………………………………………
: ‫ إذا بدأت الجملة بأحد العبارات التالية‬: ‫مالحظة‬
I am sorry ….. It's a pity …… It's a shame that ….
What a pity …….. I regret ……. I sometimes……
I think…… I believe ……
‫نحذف العبارة وال نأخذ بزمنها وال تتل يف الجواب‬
11. What a pity my friend won't give me my CD Back.
I wish my friend ………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. I regret I can't remember where I left the newspaper.
I wish………………..…………………….…………………...........................................

• We use I wish / If only + Past Perfect to talk about past regrets:

.‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫الماض التام" للحديث عن الندم يف‬
‫ي‬ "I wish / If only + ‫نستخدم‬
I wish you’d told me what sort of house it was. (You didn’t tell me.)
If only I’d left my car at home today. (I didn’t leave my car.)
1. Omer regrets that that he stole the ring.
If only …………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
2. I didn't get enough sleep last night.
I wish ………………….……………………….…………………………………………………………………….
3. Dana wasn't at home an hour ago.
I wish …………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………..

Past modals for criticising ‫الماض للنقد‬

‫ي‬ ‫األفعال الناقصة يف‬
• We use should (not) have + past ً participle when we criticise a past action:
.‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫ عندما ننتقد فعل حدث يف‬should (not) have + Verb3 ‫نستخدم‬
You shouldn’t have read that letter.
1. Sami should have checked the weather forecast before going on the trip.
• The sentence which has a similar meaning to the one above is……..
A) Sami wishes he hadn’t checked the weather forecast before going on the trip.
B) Sami wishes he had checked the weather forecast before going on the trip.
C) Sami wishes he had had checked the weather forecast before going on the trip.
D) Sami wishes he has checked the weather forecast before going on the trip.
2. Lara should have studied harder for the final exam.
• The sentence which has a similar meaning to the one above is……..
A) Lara wishes she hadn’t studied harder for the final exam.
B) Lara wishes she had studied harder for the final exam.
C) Lara wishes she had had studied harder for the final exam.
D) Lara wishes she has studied harder for the final exam.
3. They should have studied harder for the exam.
They wish………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

63
 `

• We use could have + past participle when something was possible, but didn’t
happen, so we are unhappy about the result:
ً ‫ر‬
‫ عندما يكون ي‬could have + Verb3 ‫نستخدم‬
‫ لذلك نشعر بعدم الرضا عن‬،‫شء ما ممكنا لكنه لم يحدث‬
.‫النتيجة‬
You could have told me you were coming today!
1. Adam could have arrived earlier if he had left home on time.
• The sentence which has a similar meaning to the one above is……..
A) Adam wishes he hadn’t arrived earlier.
B) Adam wishes he had arrived earlier.
C) Adam wishes he had had arrived earlier.
D) Adam wishes he has arrived earlier.
2. Lina could have called me before coming.
• The sentence which has a similar meaning to the one above is……..
A) Lina wishes she hadn’t called me before coming.
B) Lina wishes she had called me before coming.
C) Lina wishes she had had called me before coming.
D) Lina wishes she has called me before coming.

✓ Choose the correct answer in each of the following sentences so that the new
sentence has a similar meaning to the one before it.
1. They have gone against my wishes.
I wish…………………………………………………………………………
A) They had not gone against my wishes.
B) They have been gone against my wishes.
C) They have not gone against my wishes.
D) They had gone against my wishes.
2. Ahmad wasn't in class this morning.
I wish………………………………………..………………………………..
A) Ahmad hadn’t been in class this morning.
B) Ahmad had been in class this morning.
C) Ahmad haven’t been in class this morning.
D) Ahmad have been in class this morning.
3. My brother spent many hours playing computer games.
I wish ………………………………………….……………………………..
A) My brother had spent many hour playing computer games.
B) My brother has not spent many hour playing computer games.
C) My brother has spent many hour playing computer games.
D) My brother had not spent many hour playing computer games.

64
 `

4. It's a pity I'm very shy about talking in public.

I wish…………………………………………………...…………………….
A) I were not very shy about taking in public.
B) I had been very shy about taking in public.
C) I had not been very shy about taking in public.
D) I were very shy about taking in public.
5. We don't spend much time together.
I wish we………………………………………………..……………………
A) We hadn’t spent much time together. B) We had spent much time together.
C) We didn’t spend much time together. D) We spent much time together.
6. I wish the city center had not been really busy this morning. ‫طريقة عكسية‬
This means……………………………………………………………………
A) The city center isn’t really busy this morning.
B) The city center wasn’t really busy this morning.
C) The city center is really busy this morning.
D) The city center was really busy this morning.
7. Muna should have consulted a doctor before taking that medicine.
- The sentence which has a similar meaning to the one above is……..
A) Muna wishes she hadn’t consulted a doctor before taking that medicine.
B) Muna wishes she had consulted a doctor before taking that medicine.
C) Muna wishes she had had consulted a doctor before taking that medicine.
D) Muna wishes she has consulted a doctor before taking that medicine.
8. I don’t have a camera, so I can’t take any pictures. I wish I ………… a camera.
A) had B) had had C) hadn’t D) have had
9. My grandmother regrets she didn’t go to school when she was young.
- The sentence which has a similar meaning to the one above is……..
A) My grandmother wishes she went to school when she was young.
B) My grandmother wishes she hadn’t gone to school when she was young.
C) My grandmother wishes she goes to school when she was young.
D) My grandmother wishes she had gone to school when she was young.
10. You should have called the police when you saw the burglar.
If only…………………………………………………………………….
A) you had called the police when you saw the burglar.
B) you called the police when you saw the burglar.
C) you hadn’t called the police when you saw the burglar.
D) you didn’t call the police when you saw the burglar.
11. Bilal regrets being rude to his brother last night. Bilal wishes…………….
A) he were rude to his brother last night.
B) he wasn’t rude to his brother last night.
C) he hadn’t been rude to his brother last night.
D) he had been rude to his brother last night.

65
 `

12. Ruba regrets being unable to come to my party last Friday.

If only…………………………………………………………………….
A) Ruba had been able to come to my party last Friday.
B) Ruba have been able to come to my party last Friday.
C) Ruba wasn’t able to come to my party last Friday.
D) Ruba hadn’t been able to come to my party last Friday.
13. I regret eating so much food last night.
I wish………………………………………………………
A) I didn’t eat so much food last night. B) I ate so much food last night.
C) I had eaten so much food last night. D) I hadn’t eaten so much food last night.
14. You have forgotten to bring some salt.
If only…………………………………………………………………….
A) you had remembered to bring some salt.
B) you have remembered to bring some salt.
C) you hadn’t remembered to bring some salt.
D) you remember to bring some salt.
15. You shouldn’t have gone to bed late last night.
If only…………………………………………………………………….
A) you went early to bed last night. B) you hadn’t gone early to bed last night.
C) you had gone early to bed last night. D) you go early to bed last night.
16. It’s a pity that Omar isn’t here tonight. I wish Omar ……here tonight.
A) were B) weren’t C) hadn’t been D) had been
17. I don’t know how to make an apple pie.
If only…………………………………………………………………….
A) I knew how to make an apple pie.
B) I know how to make an apple pie.
C) I didn’t know how to make an apple pie.
D) I hadn’t known how to make an apple pie.
18. I don’t have a laptop. I wish I ………. a laptop.
A) have B) hadn’t C) hadn’t had D) had
19. I’d like to be a doctor. I wish I ……….. a doctor.
A) were B) was C) is D) am
20. I regret that I work in a small company.
- The sentence which has a similar meaning to the one above is……..
A) I wish I worked in a small company. B) I wish I work in a small company.
C) I wish I didn’t work in a small company. D) I wish I hadn’t work in a small company.
21. Sometimes I wish I ……………………………………………..(can fly)
A) can fly B) couldn’t fly C) could fly D) can't fly
22.I wish I …………………………………more time for my hobbies. (have)
A) hadn’t B) have C) had D) haven’t
1. A 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.A 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.A 15.C
16.A 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.C 21.C 22.C

66
 `

LESSON 5A GRAMMAR SB P44

Student’s Book Page 44 Exercise 1
1. SPEAKING Look at the title of the article. How would you answer this
question?
‫ كيف ستجيب عن هذا السؤال؟‬.‫ انظر إىل عنوان المقال‬:‫المحادثة‬
What would you change in your life either now or in the past?
‫الماض؟‬ ‫ سواء اآلن أو يف‬،‫تغته يف حياتك‬ ّ ‫ما الذي قد‬
‫ي‬
When I asked this question on social media, here are some of the answers I got:
:‫الن حصلت عليها‬ ‫ر‬
‫ إليك بعض اإلجابات ي‬،‫االجتماع‬ ‫ي‬ ‫عندما طرحت هذا السؤال عىل وسائل التواصل‬
1.I wish I had gone to university. I have a job but a. I think I could have got a
better job if I had a degree.
ّ
‫بإمكان الحصول عىل وظيفة أفضل لو كنت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫لكن أعتقد أنه كان‬ ‫ ي‬،‫ لدي وظيفة‬.‫أنن التحقت بالجامعة‬ ‫أتمن لو ي‬
.‫أملك شهادة جامعية‬
2. If only I had followed my dream to be a photographer! I was too scared of
failure. I might not have been good enough,ً but b. I should at least have tried.
ً ً ً
‫ ربما لم أكن ألكون جيدا بما ي‬.‫حلم ألصبح مصورا! كنت خائفا جدا من الفشل‬
‫ لكن‬،‫يكف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ليتن كنت قد اتبعت‬‫ي‬
.‫عىل عىل األقل أن أحاول‬ ّ ‫كان ينبع‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
c. I shouldn’t have listened to my friend who told me I would never go to
university because I couldn’t spell. I’m dyslexic, not stupid, and guess what? Now
I have two degrees!
‫بعش‬ ُ ‫ أنا مصاب‬.‫صديف الذي أختن أنن لن ألتحق بالجامعة ألنن ال أجيد التهجئة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫لم يكن يجب أن أستمع إىل‬
‫ي‬ ‫ّر ي ي‬ ‫ي‬ ً ‫ ولست‬،‫القراءة‬
!‫ وتخيل ماذا؟ اآلن لدي درجتان جامعيتان‬،‫غبيا‬
3. If only I was better at finishing what I … ;)
... ;)‫ليتن كنت أفضل يف إنهاء ما أ‬ ‫ي‬
When I was younger, I spent too much time worrying about what other people
thought of me. I know now that d. I needn’t have worried because most people
aren’t judging anyone else, and if they are, it doesn’t ً really matter.
ً ً
‫ أدرك اآلن أنه لم يكن هناك‬.‫عن‬
‫ي‬ ‫ قضيت وقتا طويل يف القلق بشأن ما يعتقده اآلخرون‬،‫عندما كنت أصغر سنا‬
ً ‫ر‬
.‫ فهذا ال يهم حقا‬،‫وحن إن فعلوا‬ ،‫ ألن معظم الناس ال يحكمون عىل غتهم‬،‫داع للقلق‬ ٍ
4. I wish I could travel round the world.
.‫أتمن لو أستطيع السفر حول العالم‬
e. I thought I didn’t think exercise was important. How wrong I was! I regret
that now.
ً
.‫ كم كنت مخطئا! أشعر بالندم عىل ذلك اآلن‬.‫أنن ال أعتقد أن التمرين مهم‬ ‫كنت أظن ي‬
5. I wish my best friend would stop telling everyone my secrets. It’s not how a
friend should behave! ً
ً ‫ر‬
!‫ هذا ليس ترصفا الئقا من الصديق‬.‫صديف يتوقف عن إخبار الجميع بأشاري‬ ‫ي‬ ‫أتمن لو أن أعز‬
Student’s Book Page 44 Exercise 2
2. In pairs, read the online article. What advice would you give to the people?
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
‫الن قد تقدمها لألشخاص؟‬ ‫ ما النصيحة ي‬.‫عت اإلنتنت‬ ‫اقرأ المقال ر‬
Answers: Students’ own answers

67
 `

wish/if only, past modals

Student’s Book Page 44 Exercise 3
3. THINK BACK Look at the underlined examples in the text (1–5) and
complete rules 1–3 below.
َ ِّ َ
.‫ أدناه‬3-1 ‫) وأكمل القواعد‬5-1( ‫ انظر إىل األمثلة المتحتة يف النص‬:‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫فكر يف‬
1. We use wish/if only + Past Simple tense to talk about present regrets, or
things we would like to change.
‫ر‬
.‫الن نود تغيتها‬ ‫ زمن‬wish/if only + ‫نستخدم‬
‫ أو األشياء ي‬،‫الماض البسيط للحديث عن الندم يف الحاض‬
‫ي‬
2. We use wish/if only + would to talk about how we want someone else’s
behaviour to change.
.‫ للحديث عن كيف نريد أن يتغت سلوك شخص آخر‬wish/if only + would ‫نستخدم‬
3. We use wish/if only + Past Perfect tense to talk about past regrets.
.‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫الماض التام للحديث عن الندم يف‬
‫ي‬ ‫ زمن‬wish/if only + ‫نستخدم‬

Student’s Book Page 44 Exercise 4

4. Match the examples of past modals in bold in the text (a–e) with the
meanings 1–5.
.5–1 ‫والمعان‬
‫ي‬ (a–e) ‫الماض المكتوبة بخط عريض يف النص‬
‫ي‬ ‫طابق بي أمثلة األفعال المساعدة يف‬
1. □ I did something, but it wasn’t necessary.
ً ‫ر‬
.‫ لكن لم يكن ضوريا‬،‫بشء‬ ‫قمت ي‬
2. □ I didn’t do something because it wasn’t necessary (or I thought it wasn’t).
ً ً
.)‫لم أفعل شيئا ألنه لم يكن ضوريا (أو كنت أظن أنه لم يكن‬
3. □ It was a good idea for me to do something, but I didn’t do it.
ً
.‫لكنن لم أفعله‬
‫ي‬ ،‫كان من الجيد يىل أن أفعل شيئا‬
4. □ It wasn’t a good idea for me to do something, but I did it.
ً
.‫لكنن فعلته‬
‫ي‬ ،‫لم يكن من الجيد يىل أن أفعل شيئا‬
5. □ Something was a possibility, but I didn’t do it.
.‫لكنن لم أفعله‬ ،‫شء‬ ‫ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫كان هناك احتمال لحدوث ي‬
Answers 1. d 2. e 3. b 4. c 5. a

68
 `

Student’s Book Page 44 Exercise 5

5. Choose the correct verb forms to complete the sentences. Sometimes both
answers are correct.
‫ر‬
.‫ كال اإلجابتي صحيحتي‬،‫ يف بعض األحيان‬.‫اخت األفعال الصحيحة إلكمال الجمل‬
1. Your room is a mess! I wish you would pick up / picked up your clothes from
the floor!
‫ المتكلم يتمن أن يقوم‬،‫ هنا‬.‫ للتعبت عن رغبة يف تغيت سلوك شخص آخر يف الحاض‬wish ‫"مع‬would" ‫نستخدم‬
.‫الشخص اآلخر ربتتيب غرفته‬
2. I didn’t need to wait / needn’t have waited long for him because he arrived
a couple of minutes later.
ً ‫ر‬
‫ يف هذه‬.‫ لكن حدث عىل أي حال‬،‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫"للتعبت عن ي‬didn’t need to" ‫نستخدم‬
‫شء لم يكن ضوريا أن يحدث يف‬
.‫ لم يكن من الرصوري االنتظار ألنه وصل بعد بضع دقائق‬،‫الجملة‬
3. You should have had / needn’t have had breakfast; then you wouldn’t be
hungry.
‫ر‬
،‫ يف هذه الجملة‬.‫ ولكن لم يحدث‬،‫الماض‬
‫ي‬ ‫"للتعبت عن الندم عىل ي‬should have" ‫نستخدم‬
‫شء كان يجب أن يتم يف‬
.‫ وهو اآلن يشعر بالجوع‬،‫ لكن لم يفعل‬،‫الشخص كان يجب أن يتناول اإلفطار‬
4. If only he knew / would know the truth!
‫ر‬
‫ الشخص يتمن‬.‫لشء يف الحاض الذي ال يمكن تغيته‬ ‫ يف‬wish ‫"مع‬knew" ‫نستخدم‬
‫التمن ي‬
‫ي‬ ‫الماض البسيط للتعبت عن‬
‫ي‬
.‫لو أنه كان يعرف الحقيقة‬
5. I wish I had bought / bought her a nicer present – she looked a bit
disappointed when I gave it to her.
‫ الشخص يتمن لو كان‬،‫ هنا‬.‫الماض‬ ‫شء لم يحدث يف‬‫ر‬ ‫ يف‬wish ‫"مع‬had" ‫نستخدم‬
‫ي‬ ‫الماض التام للتعبت عن الندم عىل ي‬
‫ي‬ ‫قد ر‬
.‫ ألن هديته جعلتها تشعر بخيبة أمل‬،‫اشتى لها هدية أفضل‬
Answers 1. would pick up 2. didn’t need to wait 3. should have had
4. knew 5. had bought

Student’s Book Page 44 Exercise 6

6. SPEAKING Think of a well-known person from history. Write the regrets that
he/she might have had. Discuss your ideas and guess who your partner’s
person is/was. ّ
ّ ‫ اكتب الندمات ر‬.‫فكر ف شخص معروف من التاريـ ــخ‬
‫ ناقش أفكارك وتكهن من‬.‫الن قد يكون قد شعر بها‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ :‫التحدث‬
‫ر‬
.‫كانت الشخص الذي اختاره شيكك‬/‫هو‬
1. He/ She wishes/wished …
2. If only he/she …
3. He/ She shouldn’t …

A suggested answer:
If I were a famous person in history, like Napoleon Bonaparte, I might regret
making poor decisions during the wars, like invading Russia. I would regret not
listening to my military advisors' advice.

69
 `

LESSON 5B GRAMMAR WB P32

Workbook Page 32 Exercise 1
1. Choose the correct options to explain the meaning of the sentences in bold.
‫ر‬
‫اخت الخيارات الصحيحة ر‬
.‫لشح معن الجمل المكتوبة بخط عريض‬
1. I wish I could stop eating crisps.
The speaker can / can’t stop eating crisps.
2. If only Alia knew how I felt about it.
Alia does / doesn’t know how the speaker feels about it.
3. They shouldn’t have bought it.
The speaker is talking about someone who did / didn’t buy something.
4. It was sunny so we didn’t need to wear our raincoats.
The speakers did / didn’t wear their raincoats.
5. I should have asked if the boy needed any help.
It was a good idea to ask if the boy needed any help, so the speaker did / but
the speaker didn’t.
6. Ali could have given Fadi a lift into town.
Fadi did / didn’t get a lift into town from Ali.

Answers
1. can’t 2. doesn’t 3. did 4. didn’t 5. but the speaker didn’t 6. didn’t
Workbook Page 32 Exercise 2
2. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
.‫أكمل الجمل باألشكال الصحيحة لألفعال الموجودة بي األقواس‬
1. I wish I knew (know) what questions they plan to ask during the English oral
exam.
.‫ لكنه ال يعرفها‬،‫ المتكلم يتمت لو كان يعرف األسئلة اآلن‬،‫ هنا‬.‫للتعبي عن التمت ف الحاض أو الواقع غي المرغوب فيه‬
2. If only I …………………………….
ً (walk) to school yesterday instead of going by bike.
‫ المتكلم يتمت لو كان قد ر‬.‫للتعبي عن الندم عىل رشء لم يحدث ف الماض‬
.‫مش إل المدرسة بدًل من استخدام الدراجة‬
3. You didn’t need to ……………………………. (buy) that new charging cable but I
guess it’s good we’ve got a spare one.
ً ً ‫ رشاء الكابل الجديد لم يكن ض‬،‫ هنا‬.‫ لكن تم فعله عىل أي حال‬،‫وريا‬
ً ‫عندما نشي إل رشء لم يكن ض‬
.‫ لكنه اشيى واحدا‬،‫وريا‬
4. We didn’t need ……………………………. (bring) our waterproof jackets after all.
ً ‫عندما نشي إل رشء لم يكن ض‬
.‫ ولم يحضوها‬،‫ لم يكن هناك حاجة إلحضار السيات المقاومة للماء‬،‫ هنا‬.‫وريا ولم يتم فعله‬
5. I wish I ……………………………. (can be) at the World Cup finals last month and
seen my country play.
ً
ً ‫ المتكلم يتمت لو كان‬،‫ هنا‬.‫ممكنا ف الماض‬ ‫للتعبي عن التمت ر‬
،‫قادرا عىل حضور نهائ كأس العالم الشهر الماض‬ ‫لشء لم يكن‬
ً ‫لكنه لم يكن‬
.‫قادرا عىل ذلك‬
6. Looking back, perhaps I ……………………………. (should not say) anything, but I did,
so it’s too late now.
‫ المتكلم يندم عىل قوله ر‬،‫ هنا‬.‫للتعبي عن الندم عىل رشء تم فعله ف الماض وكان من األفضل عدم فعله‬
‫ لكنه قاله‬،‫لشء معي‬
.‫بالفعل وال يمكن تغييه‬
Answers 2. had walked 3. buy 4. to bring 5. could have been 6. shouldn’t have said

70
 `

Workbook Page 32 Exercise 3

3. Complete the second sentence using the correct forms of the underlined
verbs. ‫ر‬
‫الن تحتها خط‬
‫أكمل الجملة الثانية باستخدام األشكال الصحيحة لألفعال ي‬
1. I wish I were luckier.
I wish I had been luckier the last time I bought a lottery ticket.
2. If only I could afford to buy a new scooter.
If only I ………………………………..to buy a new scooter for my sister’s last birthday.
3. I wish you’d been here to watch me perform yesterday.
I wish you ………………………………..here to watch me perform now.
4. If only we’d known where you were, we’d have come to get you.
If only we ………………………………..where you are, we would come and get you.
Answers 2. could have afforded 3. were 4. knew
Workbook Page 32 Exercise 4
4. Complete the dialogue with the correct forms of the words in brackets. Use
short forms where possible.
.‫ استخدم الصيغ المخترصة حيثما أمكن‬.‫أكمل الحوار باألشكال الصحيحة للكلمات الموجودة بي األقواس‬

Ramzi: Did you read about that guy who unlocked that safe in Amman?
Hani: Er ... what? Is this a joke?
Ramzi: No! I read it online. He was visiting The Jordan Museum and there
was this safe there that nobody had ever been able to unlock.
Anyway, he tried a random combination and opened it first time!
Hani: Wow. Pure chance. If only he 1'd visited (visit) earlier!
Ramzi: Ha! I wish I 2…………………………………. (be) there to see that.
Hani: So what was inside?
Ramzi: Well, he probably 3…………………………………. (need not bother) because
there were just a couple of old documents.
Answers 2. ’d been 3. needn’t have bothered

Workbook Page 32 Exercise 5

5. Write a paragraph mentioning two things you regret doing and two things
you regret not doing.

Suggested Answer
I regret spending too much time on my phone instead of studying when I was in high
school. It affected my grades, and I had to work harder later to catch up. I also regret
not exercising regularly because now I realize how important it is for my health. On the
other hand, I regret not learning a new language when I had the chance. It would have
been useful for traveling and job opportunities. Lastly, I regret not joining a sports team
in school, as it would have helped me stay active and make more friends.

71
 `

Unit Nine

09 Highs and lows

LESSON 1A VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR SB P38
‫االرتفاعات واالنخفاضات‬

1. What makes a good tourist attraction?

ً
‫السياج جيدا؟‬
‫ي‬ ‫ما الذي يجعل الموقع‬
Answers: Students’ own answers
2. 9.1 Listen to a radio programme about the Marble Arch
Mound in England and the North Coast 500 in Scotland. Which
was and wasn’t successful? Why?
‫ر‬
‫ أيهما كان‬.‫ يف إسكتلندا‬500 ‫إنجلتا وطريق نورث كوست‬ ‫اإلذاع حول تل ماربل آرتش يف‬ ‫التنامج‬
‫ي‬ ‫استمع إىل ر‬
ً
‫ناجحا وأيهما لم يكن كذلك؟ ولماذا؟‬
Answers
North Coast 500 was successful because it helped the local area by creating 180 jobs
and boosting the local economy by £20 million.
Marble Arch Mound was a failure because it was expensive to build, and people were
disappointed by the entrance fee, plants and view from the top.
Student’s Book Page 38 Exercise 3
3. 9.1 Complete the sentences using the words in the box. Then listen again
and check. More than one answer is possible.
‫ من الممكن أن يكون هناك‬.‫ ثم استمع مرة أخرى وتحقق‬.‫أكمل الجمل باستخدام الكلمات الموجودة يف الصندوق‬
‫ر‬
.‫أكت من إجابة صحيحة‬
- affluent – ‫ ميسور الحال‬/ ‫غن‬‫ي‬ - costly – ‫ باهظ الثمن‬/ ‫مكلف‬
- extravagant – ‫ مبالغ فيه يف اإلنفاق‬/ ‫مشف‬ - lucrative – ‫ماىل جيد‬
‫ ذو عائد ي‬/ ‫مربــح‬
- splash out – ‫ يبذر المال يف الكماليات‬/ ‫ ينفق بسخاء‬- well-off – ‫ ثري‬/ ‫ميسور الحال‬

1. People are always looking for new and………………… ideas for new attractions.
2. The Marble Arch Mound was an………………… idea to build a small hill in the
centre of London.
3. The £6 million was a lot more………………… than the organisers thought it
would be.
4. Perhaps more people would have wanted to climb it if they hadn’t had
to………………… on an entrance fee.
5. They wanted to get tourists to visit an area that was not very…………………
6. The hotels, restaurant and shop owners have become more…………………
because of the route.
Answers
1. lucrative 2. extravagant 3. costly 4. splash out 5. affluent 6. well-off

72
 `

Student’s Book Page 39 Exercise 8 ‫نشاط‬

8. SPEAKING In pairs, take it in turns to tell ups and downs stories like the
refugees’. Student A, go to page 76. Student B, go to page 79.
‫ الطالب‬.‫ تناوبوا يف شد قصص عن الصعود والهبوط مثل قصص الالجئي‬،‫ يف مجموعات من شخصي‬: ‫التحدث‬
.79 ‫ اذهب إىل الصفحة‬،‫ الطالب ب‬.76 ‫ اذهب إىل الصفحة‬،‫أ‬
UNIT 9, LESSON 1A Exercise 8, page 39 77 ‫نشاط صفحة‬
Read the short text. Tell Student B about the person and comment on some
key points in their lives using conditional forms.
‫أخت الطالب ب عن الشخص وعلق عىل بعض النقاط الرئيسية يف حياتهم باستخدام الجمل‬ ‫ ر‬.‫إقرأ النص القصت‬
.‫الشطية‬ ‫ر‬
Betty Robinson
Betty Robinson was good at running and ran her first official race when she
was 16. She was so fast that she beat the women’s world record for 100
metres! Because of this, just four months later, she took part in the 100-
metre race in the 1928 Olympic Games – and won! Three years later, however,
Betty had a terrible accident. She was badly injured in a plane crash.
.‫عشة من عمرها‬ ‫ وشاركت ف أول سباق رسم لها عندما كانت ف السادسة ر‬،‫بين روبنسون جيدة ف الجري‬ ‫كانت ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ً
‫ ر‬100‫كانت شيعة جدا لدرجة أنها حطمت الرقم القياش العالم للسيدات ف سباق الـ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ وبعد‬،‫مت! بسبب ذلك‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
،‫ بعد ثالث سنوات‬،‫ – وفازت! ومع ذلك‬1928 ‫مت يف أولمبياد‬ ‫ ر‬100‫ شاركت ف سباق الـ‬،‫أربعة أشهر فقط‬
‫ي‬
.‫ فقد أصيبت إصابة بالغة يف حادث تحطم طائرة‬.‫بين لحادث مروع‬ ‫ر‬
‫تعرضت ي‬
She had to spend months in a wheelchair and could not even walk properly for
two years. This did not stop Betty and she was determined to go back to
running. She was not able to take part in the 1923 Olympics, but she was back
for the 1936 Games. Although she did not take part in the individual races,
she was able to join the 100-metres relay team and helped her USA team to
win a gold medal.
‫ لكن هذا لم‬.‫المش بشكل صحيح لمدة عامي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫شهورا ف الكرش المتحرك ولم تستطع ر‬
‫حن‬ ً ‫تقص‬ ‫كان عليها أن‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫ لكنها عادت‬،1923 ‫ لم تتمكن من المشاركة يف أولمبياد‬.‫ فقد كانت مصممة عىل العودة إىل الجري‬،‫بين‬ ‫ر‬
‫يمنع ي‬
‫ إال أنها استطاعت االنضمام إىل‬،‫ وعىل الرغم من أنها لم تشارك يف السباقات الفردية‬.1936 ‫للمشاركة يف ألعاب‬
.‫األمريك يف الفوز بالميدالية الذهبية‬ ‫مت وساعدت فريقها‬‫ ر‬100‫فريق التتابع لسباق الـ‬
‫ي‬

73
 `

LESSON 2A LISTENING AND VOCABULARY SB P40

Student’s Book Page 40 Exercise 1
1. SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photos and discuss the questions.
.‫ انظروا إىل الصور وناقشوا األسئلة‬،‫اعملوا عىل شكل أزواج‬
1. What is the problem in each photo? ‫ما المشكلة يف كل صورة؟‬
2. Could failure be a step towards success? Say why.
ّ
.‫هل يمكن أن يكون الفشل خطوة نحو النجاح؟ وضح السبب‬
A B

Suggested answers
1. In A, the shop is going to close/go out of business. In B, she has burnt the pies.
2. Students’ own answers
Student’s Book Page 40 Exercise 2
2. 9.2 Listen to four people talking about mistakes. For Speakers
1–4, choose from the list (a–d) what each speaker says.
‫ ر‬،4-1 ‫ بالنسبة للمتحدثي‬.‫استمع إىل أربعة أشخاص يتحدثون عن األخطاء‬
‫اخت من القائمة‬
.‫(ما يقوله كل متحدث‬a-d)
Speaker: 1 □ 2 □ 3 □ 4 □
a. This mistake was about doing things in the wrong order.
b. Other people took the mistake less seriously than the speaker initially did.
c. This mistake came as a shock to the speaker.
d. The speaker believes their life would be better now if they hadn’t made the
mistake.
Answers
1b 2 c 3 a 4 d
Student’s Book Page 40 Exercise 3
3. 9.2 Listen again and answer the questions. ‫استمع مرة أخرى وأجب عن األسئلة‬
1. How did Speaker 1 eventually get into the meeting room?
2. How would Speaker 2’s life have been different if she hadn’t made a mistake?
3. Why didn’t Speaker 3’s idea work?
4. What has Speaker 4 learnt from her mistake?
Answers
1. He climbed through the window. 2. She would have gone to a different university
and she wouldn’t have met her husband. 3. Because the gym owners weren’t
interested in it. 4. She has learnt to save some of her money.

74
 `

Student’s Book Page 40 Exercise 4

4. Complete the table with the words from the box.
.‫أكمل الجدول بالكلمات الموجودة يف الصندوق‬
- blunder – ‫خطأ فادح‬ - flop – ‫فشل‬ - flourish – ‫يزدهر‬
- get nowhere – ‫ال يحقق أي تقدم‬ - masterstroke – ‫ذك‬ ‫ إنجاز ي‬/ ‫خطوة بارعة‬
‫ئ‬ ‫ر‬
- mess up – ‫يخط‬ / ‫ يفسد‬- pay off – ‫ ينجح‬/ ‫يؤن ثماره‬
‫ي‬ - setback – ‫ عائق‬/ ‫انتكاسة‬

Success ‫نجاح‬

Failure ‫فشل‬

Answers:
Success: flourish, masterstroke, pay off
Failure: blunder, flop, get nowhere, mess up, setback
Student’s Book Page 40 Exercise 5
5. Now complete the extracts from the recording with the correct form of the
words from Exercise 4.
.4 ‫اآلن أكمل المقتطفات من التسجيل باستخدام الشكل الصحيح للكلمات من التمرين‬
1. I was embarrassed and felt like I’d really………………………
2. It was a huge……………………… and I didn’t get the marks I needed to go to that
university.
3. In the end, I……………………… there and got a great degree.
4. I had what I thought was a really good idea – a………………………
5. I really tried, but just………………………, and in the end I gave up.
6. If I’d invested a few weeks in finding out about my business idea, it would
have really.………………………
7. But I did learn something from the……………………… – do your market research
first.
8. The idea did not succeed and was a complete………………………
Answers:
1. messed up 2. blunder 3. flourished 4. masterstroke 5. got nowhere 6. paid off
7. setback 8. flop

75
 `

LESSON 2B VOCABULARY WB P30

Workbook Page 30 Exercise 1
Vocabulary extension
1. Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box.
.‫أكمل الجمل باألفعال الموجودة يف الصندوق‬
‫ر‬
- acknowledge – ‫ يقر‬/ ‫يعتف‬ - admitting – ‫يعتف‬ ‫ر‬
ً
- make offer – ‫يقدم عرضا‬ - take – ‫يأخذ‬
1. It’s not easy to acknowledge your mistakes and say sorry.
2. In most situations she is incapable of ………………………that she’s wrong.
3. Her ‘shortcut’ actually took twice as long, but did she……………………… the
blame or……………………… an apology?
4. So when I saw him, I decided to try and ………………………amends.

Answers:
2. admitting 3. take, offer 4. make

Workbook Page 30 Exercise 2

2. Write a note to a friend apologising for something you said or did that upset
them. ‫شء قلته أو فعلته وأزعجه‬‫ر‬
‫اكتب مالحظة لصديق تعتذر فيها عن ي‬

ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION | ‫النطق الفعال‬

Intonation in adverbial phrases ‫التنغيم يف العبارات الظرفية‬
English intonation has a pattern which falls and rises again within one phrase. We
can use this fall-rise tone in adverbial phrases.
-‫النغم الهابط‬
‫ي‬ ‫ يمكننا استخدام هذا النمط‬.‫نغم ينخفض ثم يرتفع مرة أخرى داخل العبارة‬ ‫ي‬ ‫للغة اإلنجلتية نمط‬
.‫الصاعد يف العبارات الظرفية‬
•in my opinion (ɪn maɪ əˈpɪn jən)
•to be honest (tə bi ˈɒn ɪst )
•to tell you the truth (tuː tɜl juː ðə truːθ )

Workbook Page 30 Exercise 3

3. 9.3 Work with a partner. Practise reading the dialogue. Then
listen and check. ‫اعمل مع رشيك‬. ‫ ثم استمع وتحقق‬،‫تدرب عىل قراءة الحوار‬
Abbas: Have you got any interesting plans for summer?
Fadi: Actually, we aren’t doing anything special this year. Travelling
is so expensive.
Abbas: If you ask me, it’s OK to splash out from time to time.
Fadi: To tell you the truth, that’s what I told my family, but I couldn’t change
their minds.
Abbas: In my opinion, it’s worth going away even if it’s just for a couple of days.

76
 `

LESSON 3A VOCABULARY | Chance and risk SB P41 ‫الفرصة والمخاطرة‬

Student’s Book Page 41 Exercise 1
1. Are you a risk taker? Do the quiz and find out. Check your score on page 77.
.77 ‫ تحقق من نتيجتك يف الصفحة‬.‫هل أنت شخص يحب المخاطرة؟ قم باالختبار واكتشف ذلك‬

Risk-taking QUIZ ‫اختبار المخاطرة‬

ً
1. Would you ever do a bungee jump? ‫المطاط؟‬
‫ي‬ ‫هل ستقوم أبدا بالقفز بالحبل‬
a. No, it wouldn’t be worth the risk. ‫ لن يكون ذلك يستحق المخاطرة‬،‫ال‬
b. I’d love to have the opportunity. ‫أود أن أتحصل عىل هذه الفرصة‬
c. I’ve already done one. ‫لقد قمت بذلك بالفعل‬
2. Your friend is cooking some food you’ve never tried before. Do you
:‫ هل‬.‫طعاما لم تجربه من قبل‬ً ‫صديقك يطبخ‬
a. grab the chance to try something new? ‫ر‬
‫اغتنم الفرصة لتجربة شء جديد‬
b. wait and see what it looks like before you decide? ‫انتظر ليى كيف يبدو قبل أن تقرر‬
c. explain politely that it doesn’t look like something you’d like?
‫كشء قد يعجبك؟‬ ‫تشح بلطف أنه ال يبدو ر‬‫ر‬
3. You’re parking your car when someone leaving the car park gives you their
ticket. What do you do?
‫ ماذا تفعل؟‬.‫أنت توقف سيارتك عندما يعطيك شخص يغادر مواقف السيارات تذكرته‬
a. Consider it a lucky break – now you don’t have to pay for a ticket.
.‫تعتيها فرصة محظوظة – اآلن ال يتعي عليك دفع ثمن التذكرة‬
b. Tell them it’s wrong and that you refuse to run the risk of getting caught by
the car park attendant.
.‫تخيه أن ذلك غي صحيح وأنك ترفض المخاطرة بالحصول عىل مخالفة من موظف المواقف‬
c. Thank them, but still buy your own ticket, just to be on the safe side.
.‫ فقط لتكون ف الجانب اآلمن‬،‫ لكن تشيي تذكرتك الخاصة‬،‫تشكره‬
Unit 9, Lesson 3A Exercise 1, page 41 ‫نشاط‬
Quiz key ‫مفتاح االجابات‬
‫اذا كانت اجابتك يف االسئلة السابقة تحسب النقاط وتجمع النقاط‬
1. a. 1 point b. 2 points c. 3 points
2. a. 3 points b. 2 points c. 1 point
3. a. 3 points b. 1 point c. 2 points
3–4 points: You are extremely risk averse. If you never try anything new, how do
you know you won’t like it?
‫ر‬
‫ كيف تعرف أنك لن تحبه؟‬،‫شء جديد‬ ‫ إذا لم تجرب أي ي‬.‫ أنت متجنب بشدة للمخاطر‬:‫نقاط‬3-4
5–7 points: You have a balanced attitude towards risk, and weigh up your
decisions carefully.
.‫ وتقوم بتقييم قراراتك بعناية‬،‫ لديك موقف متوازن تجاه المخاطر‬:‫نقاط‬5-7
8–9 points: You are more than willing to take risks. You might want to slow down
a bit. Your attitude could get you into trouble one of these days!
ً ‫ قد ترغب ف ر‬.‫تماما لتحمل المخاطر‬ً ‫ أنت مستعد‬:‫نقاط‬8-9
‫ قد يؤدي موقفك هذا إىل تعرضك‬.‫التوي قليال‬ ‫ي‬
!‫للمشاكل يف يوم من األيام‬

77
 `

ACTIVE VOCABULARY | Binomials ‫المفردات النشطة | األزواج الثنائية‬

Binomials are phrases where two words are joined with a conjunction, usually
ً
and or or. ‫ عادة‬،‫ه عبارات حيث يتم ربط كلمتي بواسطة أداة ربط‬ ‫األزواج الثنائية ي‬
• The two words often begin with the same letter (slowly but surely).
ً
.)‫غالبا ما تبدأ الكلمتان بنفس الحرف (ببطء ولكن بثبات‬
• Sometimes they have a similar or opposite meaning (peace and quiet, highs ً
and lows). )‫ االرتفاعات واالنخفاضات‬،‫أحيانا يكون لها معن مشابه أو متعاكس (الهدوء والسكينة‬

Student’s Book Page 41 Exercise 2

2. Study Active Vocabulary and complete the binomials with the words from
the box using the correct conjunctions.
.‫ادرس المفردات النشطة وأكمل األزواج الثنائية بالكلمات من المربــع باستخدام أدوات الربط الصحيحة‬
give more pick safe
sooner take it there touch ups

1………………… choose 2………………… downs 3………………… later

4………………… leave it 5………………… less 6………………… sound
7………………… take 8………………… then 9………………… go

Answers: 1. pick and 2. ups and 3. sooner or 4. take it or 5. more or 6. safe and
7. give and 8. there and 9. touch and

Student’s Book Page 41 Exercise 3

3. Replace the underlined words with some of the binomials in Exercise 2.
‫ر‬
.2 ‫الن تحتها خط ببعض األزواج الثنائية يف التمرين‬
‫استبدل الكلمات ي‬
1. At some point, you will have to make a decision.
2. The best universities can select which students to accept.
3. They wanted me to sign up for the course immediately, with no time at all to
consider.
4. Although she was ten years older, she looked about the same age as me.
5. After a hazardous journey, they were relieved to get home with no problems.

Answers:
1. Sooner or later - At some point ‫يف وقت ما‬
2. pick and choose- select ‫يختار‬
3. there and then – immediately ً
‫فورا‬
4. more or less - about ً
‫تقريبا‬
5. safe and sound - with no problems ‫بدون مشاكل‬

78
 `

Student’s Book Page 41 Exercise 4

4. Study Watch Out! Then find five expressions with these words in the quiz in
Exercise 1. 1 ‫ادرس انتبه! ثم ابحث عن خمس تعبتات تحتوي عىل هذه الكلمات يف االختبار يف التمرين‬
WATCH OUT!
The words risk, chance, opportunity and luck are easily confused.
‫" (الحظ) يمكن أن‬luck" ‫"(فرصة) و‬opportunity" ،)‫"الفرصة‬chance" ( ،)‫" المخاطرة‬risk" (‫الكلمات‬
.‫ربكة بسهولة‬ ُ
ِ ‫تكون م‬
I’d love to have the chance (opportunity) to bungee jump.
There’s a slim chance (possibility) that we might succeed, but we’d need a
lucky break.
If you do sports, there’s always a chance (risk) of injury.
It was pure chance (luck) that we met.

Answers:
1. be worth the risk - ‫يستحق المخاطرة‬ 2. have the opportunity - ‫أن تكون لديك الفرصة‬
3. grab the chance - ‫اغتنم الفرصة‬ 4. lucky break - ‫فرصة محظوظة‬
5. run the risk - ‫يتحمل المخاطرة‬

Student’s Book Page 41 Exercise 5

5. Complete the sentences with risk, chance, opportunity or luck. Sometimes
more than one correct answer is possible.
‫ ر‬،‫ ف بعض األحيان‬luck. ‫أو‬: risk, chance, opportunity, ‫أكمل الجمل بالكلمات‬
‫أكت من إجابة‬ ‫ي‬
.‫صحيحة قد تكون ممكنة‬
1. Given the………………, where would you most like to travel?
2. I’d like to take this……………… to thank you for all your help.
3. As soon as I heard about the trip, I grabbed the……………… to go on it.
4. This is your last………………; I won’t make the offer again.
5. I’m sure parachuting would be exciting, but it wouldn’t be worth the………….

Answers: 1. chance/opportunity 2. Opportunity 3. chance/opportunity

4. chance/opportunity 5. Risk

Student’s Book Page 41 Exercise 6

6. SPEAKING Complete the sentences so they are true for you. Then in groups,
compare your answers.

Answers Students’ own answers

79
 `

VOCABULARY | Chance and risk WB P31

Workbook Page 31 Exercise 1
1. ★ Complete the puzzle with the missing parts of the binomials. What is the
‫ئ‬
mystery binomial? ‫الثنان المفقود؟‬
‫ي‬ ‫ ما هو‬.‫أكمل اللغز باألجزاء المفقودة من الثنائيات‬

1. ups and downs 2………………….. and take 3………………..and go

4………………….. it or leave it 5………………….. and then 6. safe and……………
7………………….. or less 8. sooner or…………………..
The mystery binominal is………………………………
Answers: 2. give 3. touch 4. take 5. there 6. sound 7. more 8. later
The mystery binomial is ‘pick and choose’.
Workbook Page 31 Exercise 2
2. ★★ Replace the underlined parts with some of the binominals from
Exercise 1. 1 ‫استبدل األجزاء المظللة ببعض الثنائيات من التمرين‬
1. Wherever my cat has disappeared to, I just hope he’ll come home with no
problems. safe and sound
2. Visitors to the museum can select from over 100 arcade games from the 1980s
and 1990s. ………………………………………………
3. Don’t be too hard on yourself. After all, most people fail at something at some
point. ………………………………………………
4. Like every business we have our good and bad times but generally we are
successful. ………………………………………………
5. I can’t sell it for less than 100 JOD. That’s my lowest price – accept it or
don’t. ………………………………………………
6. We are almost finished here so I can meet you in about half an hour.
………………………………………………
7. It was uncertain whether the rescue team would be able to save the man in
the cave. ………………………………………………
Answers: 2. pick and choose 3. sooner or later 4. ups and downs 5. take it or leave it
6. more or less 7. touch and go

80
 `

Workbook Page 31 Exercise 3

3. ★★ Complete the sentences with chance, risk, luck or opportunity.
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
‫ ر‬،‫ف بعض األحيان‬: risk, chance, opportunity, luck ‫أكمل الجمل بالكلمات‬
‫أكت من إجابة صحيحة‬ ‫ي‬
.‫قد تكون ممكنة‬
1. The risk of injury or even death is very high for base-jumping wing-suit flyers.
2. You’ve won three games in a row now – what……………………………….!
3. It’s already 10 p.m. so there is very little ……………………………….of me staying
awake for a whole film.
4. Given the………………………………., I’d love to take a sports car out for a drive.

Answers: 2. luck 3. chance 4. chance/opportunity

Workbook Page 31 Exercise 4

4. ★★★ Complete the mini-conversations with suitable binominals.
.‫أكمل المحادثات الصغتة بالثنائيات المناسبة‬
Habib: I was worried about you Amer! I’m so glad you are home 1safe and sound.
Amer: I said I’d be back by 9 o’clock and it’s ... ten past so I’m
2………………………………… on time.
Nadia: I’m making omelettes if you want one.
Samia: Omelettes, huh? Not very exciting. How about something else?
Nadia: It’s omelettes or nothing! 3…………………………………
Samia: Hmm. Omelettes would be lovely, thanks.
Jaber: You really need to wear a helmet when you’re on your bike, Nader.
4………………………………… you’re going to injure yourself. It’s only a matter of time!
Nader: I have a helmet. I’m going to put it on now!

Answers: 2. more or less 3. Take it or leave it 4. Sooner or later

81
 `

LESSON 4A READING AND VOCABULARY SB P42

INSPIRATIONAL STORIES OF RESILIENCE ‫قصص ملهمة عن الصمود‬
GLOSSARY ‫المعجم‬
ordeal – a terrible or painful experience that continues for a period of time
‫لفتة من الوقت‬ ‫تجربة رهيبة أو مؤلمة تستمر ر‬
sea bed – the land at the bottom of the sea ‫األرض يف قاع البحر‬
supplies – food and other ordinary goods needed by people every day
ً
‫يوميا‬ ‫ر‬
‫الن يحتاجها الناس‬
‫الطعام والسلع األخرى العادية ي‬

A 1 Indonesian teenager, Aldi Adilang, is only 19, but he has already gone
through the ordeal of being lost at sea an incredible three times!
The first two times he got off relatively lightly; he was drifting for a week, and
the second time for two days. Those experiences sound terrifying enough, but
on the third occasion he was alone in the ocean for 49 long days.
‫ لكنه مر بالفعل بتجربة الضياع يف البحر ثالث مرات‬،‫عاما فقط‬ ً 19 ‫ يبلغ من العمر‬،‫ ألدي أديالنغ‬،‫المراهق اإلندونيش‬
ً ‫ي‬
،‫نسبيا بأقل األضار؛ حيث كان ينجرف يف البحر لمدة أسبوع يف المرة األوىل‬ ‫ نجا‬،‫بشكل ال يصدق! يف المرتي األوليي‬
ً
‫ كان وحيدا يف المحيط لمدة‬،‫ ولكن يف المرة الثالثة‬،‫ تبدو تلك التجارب مرعبة بما فيه الكفاية‬.‫ولمدة يومي يف المرة الثانية‬
ً 49
.‫يوما طويلة‬
F 2 From when he was 16 years old, Aldi had spent weeks at a time working
on a fishing trap, known as a rompong, a kind of hut which floats in the middle
of the sea, but is attached to the sea bed with a rope. Every night he would
light lamps to attract
ُ the fish to his nets. It was a lonely kind of life.
‫وه‬ ‫منذ أن كان ف السادسة ر‬
‫ ي‬،"‫يقص أسابيع يف العمل عىل مصيدة سمك تعرف باسم "رومبونغ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ كان ألدي‬،‫عشة من عمره‬ ‫ي‬
‫ كان يشعل المصابيح لجذب‬،‫ كل ليلة‬.‫الن تطفو يف وسط البحر لكنها تكون مثبتة بقاع البحر بحبل‬‫ر‬
‫نوع من األكواخ ي‬
.‫ كانت حياة منعزلة‬.‫األسماك إىل شباكه‬
E 3 This day had started just like any other, until the rope attaching his
rompong to the bottom of the sea broke and, already far from the coast, he
started to drift even further away. At first, he wasn’t too worried. He took it
for granted that sooner or later his boss would come and rescue him, as he
had done before. Aldi had a week’s supply of food. He was sure it would all be
fine.
ً ‫ ر‬،‫بدأ هذا اليوم مثل أي يوم آخر‬
‫ وبما أنه كان بعيدا بالفعل عن‬،‫حن انقطع الحبل الذي يربط الـ"رومبونغ" بقاع البحر‬
ً ً ‫ر‬ ‫ر‬ ً ً
‫بعيدا ر‬
ً ‫ لم يكن قلقا‬،‫ ف البداية‬.‫أكت‬
‫ كما فعل‬،‫سيأن إلنقاذه عاجل أم آجل‬
‫ي‬ ‫ فقد افتض أن رئيسه‬.‫كثتا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ بدأ ينجرف‬،‫الساحل‬
‫ر‬ ً
.‫شء سيكون عىل ما يرام‬ ‫ وكان واثقا أن كل ي‬،‫ كان لدى ألدي مؤونة تكفيه لمدة أسبوع‬.‫من قبل‬
B 4 But after a week his supplies ran out. He caught fish and used parts of his
wooden hut to make a fire and cook the fish. Not having any more fresh
drinking water, he had no choice but to drink sea water. However, he filtered
the sea water through his clothes to reduce the amount of salt. This must
have done the trick because he survived for four days until it rained and he
was able to collect some rainwater.
.‫الخشن إلشعال النار وطهيها‬
‫ري‬ ‫ فبدأ يصطاد األسماك ويستخدم أجزاء من كوخه‬.‫ نفدت مؤونته‬،‫لكن بعد أسبوع‬
‫ لم يكن أمامه خيار سوى رشب ماء البحر لكنه قام بتصفية ماء البحر‬،‫الشب العذبة‬
. ‫وألنه لم يكن لديه المزيد من مياه ر‬
‫ ألنه تمكن من البقاء عىل قيد الحياة لمدة أربعة أيام‬،‫ ويبدو أن هذه الطريقة نجحت‬.‫من خالل مالبسه لتقليل كمية الملح‬
.‫ فاستطاع جمع بعض مياه المطر‬،‫حن هطلت األمطار‬ ‫ر‬

82
 `

G 5 His survival skills were keeping him alive, but he was starting to wonder if
he would ever be rescued. He saw more than ten ships sail past him, but none
of them seemed to have a clue that he was there. After a few weeks, he
thought he had at last got his lucky break when he managed to talk to the
captain of an Indonesian ship by walkie-talkie. The captain promised he would
pick him up once they had finished work for the day. Heartbreakingly, Aldi
never saw the ship again.
‫عش سفن‬‫أكت من ر‬‫ رأى ر‬.‫يوما ما‬
ً ‫ لكنه بدأ يتساءل عما إذا كان سيتم إنقاذه‬،‫حيا‬
ً ‫كانت مهاراته ف البقاء عىل قيد الحياة تبقيه‬
ً ‫ي‬
‫أختا أنه حصل عىل فرصته حي تمكن‬ ً ‫ اعتقد‬،‫ بعد بضعة أسابيع‬.‫أيا منها أدرك وجوده‬ ‫ لكن لم يبدو أن‬،‫تبحر بالقرب منه‬
‫ر‬
‫سيأن إلنقاذه بمجرد أن ينتهوا من العمل‬
‫ي‬ ‫ وعده القبطان بأنه‬.‫الالسلك‬
‫ي‬ ‫من التحدث إىل قبطان سفينة إندونيسية ع رت جهاز‬
.‫ لم َير ألدي السفينة مرة أخرى‬،‫ وبكل أش‬،‫ لكن‬.‫لهذا اليوم‬
C 6 After this setback, he really started to worry. To try and take his mind off
his situation he sang and read. However, the isolation took its toll on him. He
admitted that he almost gave up hope, but the thought of seeing his parents
again kept him going. ً
‫ كان ي‬،‫ ولمحاولة تشتيت انتباهه عن وضعه‬.‫بدأ القلق يتسلل إليه حقا‬
‫ فقد تركت‬،‫ ومع ذلك‬.‫يغن ويقرأ‬
‫ر‬
،‫بعد هذه النكسة‬
.‫ لكن فكرة رؤية والديه مرة أخرى كانت تدفعه لالستمرار‬،‫ اعتف بأنه كاد يفقد األمل‬.‫العزلة أثرها عليه‬
H 7 In the end, after 49 days, he saw a ship, The Arpeggio. Desperate to make
himself understood he used the few words of English he knew over the radio:
‘Help! Help!’ The ship turned around to pick him up. The boat was heading for
Japan, so they took him with them. Finally, the Indonesian embassy collected
him and flew him home, almost two months after his ordeal had begun.
‫ر‬ ً
‫ استخدم الكلمات القليلة ي‬،‫ وبشدة يأسه يف لفت االنتباه‬.‫ رأى سفينة تدع أربيجيو‬،‫ يوما‬49 ‫ وبعد‬،‫يف النهاية‬
‫الن يعرفها‬
‫ كانت متجهة إىل‬.‫ استدارت السفينة وعادت اللتقاطه‬.)!‫(النجدة! النجدة‬: "Help! Help!" ‫عت الراديو‬ ‫باإلنجلتية ر‬
ً
‫ وذلك بعد ما‬،‫ قامت السفارة اإلندونيسية بجمعه وترتيب رحلة عودته إىل وطنه‬،‫وأختا‬ .‫ فقرروا أخذه معهم‬،‫اليابان‬
.‫يقارب شهرين من بداية محنته‬
D 8 Safely back home with his family, Aldi considered his options. His family
lived in some hardship and his job was, from his perspective, relatively
lucrative at $134 a month. However, having found himself drifting three times
since he started the job aged 16, he and his family decided it simply wasn’t
worth the risk. From now on, he’ll be staying firmly on dry land.
ً
‫ من وجهة‬،‫ وكان عمله‬،‫ كانت عائلته تعيش يف بعض الصعوبات‬.‫ بدأ ألدي يفكر يف خياراته‬،‫عائدا بأمان إىل وطنه مع عائلته‬
ً ً ً
‫ وبعد أن وجد نفسه ينجرف ثالث مرات منذ أن بدأ العمل وهو‬،‫ ومع ذلك‬.‫دوالرا يف الشهر‬ 134 ‫نسبيا بمبلغ‬ ‫ مربحا‬،‫نظره‬
ً ً ً
‫ سيظل ألدي ثابتا عىل اليابسة بعيدا‬،‫ ومن اآلن فصاعدا‬.‫ قررت عائلته أنه ببساطة لم يعد يستحق المخاطرة‬،16‫يف سن الـ‬
.‫عن البحر‬

83
 `

Student’s Book Page 42 Exercise 1

1. SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photo in the news story. What do you think
happened? ‫ ماذا حدث؟‬،‫ برأيك‬.‫الخت‬
‫انظر إىل الصورة يف ر‬
Answers: Students’ own answers
Student’s Book Page 42 Exercise 2
2. 9.4 Paragraphs B–H are in the wrong order. Number the
paragraphs in the correct order (2–8) to make a coherent text.
Listen and check.
‫ قم ربتقيم الفقرات ر‬.‫بالتتيب الصحيح‬
)8-2( ‫بالتتيب الصحيح‬ ‫ ليست ر‬H ‫ إىل‬B ‫الفقرات من‬
‫ (تم وضع القصة ر‬.‫ استمع وتحقق‬.‫متابط‬
)‫بالتتيب الصحيح‬ ‫لتكوين نص ر‬
Student’s Book Page 42 Exercise 3
3. Study Active Reading. Then underline the parts of the text which helped
you to decide on the order of the paragraphs.
‫ر‬ ً
.‫الن ساعدتك يف تحديد ترتيب الفقرات‬
‫ ثم ضع خطا تحت األجزاء من النص ي‬.‫ادرس القراءة النشطة‬
Answers: Students’ own answers
ACTIVE READING |
Following events in a narrative ‫متابعة األحداث يف الشد‬
When reading a narrative, look out for the typical structure of this kind of
text: ‫ انتبه إىل البنية النموذجية لهذا النوع من النصوص‬،‫عند قراءة شد‬
• a summary of what happened ‫ملخص لما حدث‬
• background to the events ‫خلفية األحداث‬
• main events – notice linkers such as at first, after, then, finally or in the end
ً ،‫ ثم‬،‫ بعد ذلك‬،‫ ف البداية‬:‫األحداث الرئيسية – انتبه إىل أدوات الربط مثل‬
.‫ أو يف النهاية‬،‫أختا‬ ‫ي‬
• conclusion ‫الخالصة‬
• coda, where the writer makes a comment or brings the story up to date.
ّ ً
.‫ حيث يقدم الكاتب تعليقا أو يحدث القصة‬،‫الخاتمة‬
You can also follow a narrative by looking for ways in which the ideas are
‫ر‬ ً
connected. ‫الن ترتبط بها األفكار ببعضها‬
‫يمكنك أيضا متابعة الشد من خالل البحث عن الطرق ي‬
• Words and phrases may be repeated: ‫قد تتكرر الكلمات والعبارات‬
Aldi had a week’s supply of food … But after a week his supplies ran out.
• The first time something is mentioned, the writer may use an indefinite article,
and then the definite article:
.‫ ثم يستخدم أداة التعريف‬،‫ قد يستخدم الكاتب أداة التنكت‬،‫شء ما‬ ‫ر‬ ُ ‫ر‬
‫الن يذكر فيها ي‬
‫يف المرة األوىل ي‬
… but is attached to the sea bed with a rope
… the rope attaching him to the bottom of the sea broke …
• Reference words, such as pronouns, can also show connections between
different parts of the text:
ً
.‫ يمكن أن تظهر أيضا الروابط بي أجزاء النص المختلفة‬،‫ مثل الضمائر‬،‫كلمات اإلشارة‬
He filtered the sea water through his clothes to reduce the amount of salt.
This must have done the trick.

84
 `

Student’s Book Page 42 Exercise 4

4. Read the news story and choose the correct answers.
‫ر‬
.‫واخت اإلجابات الصحيحة‬ ‫خت الصحف‬ ‫اقرأ ر‬
1. Why is the word heartbreakingly used in Paragraph G?
‫ ؟‬G‫" يف الفقرة‬heartbreakingly" ‫لماذا تم استخدام كلمة‬
a. To explain how Aldi must have felt when he saw the ship.
b. To justify why Aldi felt that his troubles were now over.
c. To express the writer’s own feelings about the captain’s actions.
2. What is suggested about Aldi’s job in Paragraph D?
َ َ ُ
‫ ؟‬D‫ يف الفقرة‬Aldi ‫ماذا يستنتج عن وظيفة‬
a. The job was well-paid and relatively easy work.
b. He risked his life by taking the job because he was poor.
c. His parents were relieved when he gave up the job.
3. How can we describe Aldi’s personality?
‫ ؟‬Aldi‫كيف يمكننا وصف شخصية‬
a. He is resourceful and determined.
b. He is always optimistic about the future.
c. He has a tendency towards depression.
Answers: 1. c 2. b 3. a
Student’s Book Page 42 Exercise 5
5. Match the highlighted collocations from the text with their definitions
below. ‫قم بمطابقة التعابت الممتة من النص مع تعريفاتها أدناه‬
1. took it for granted - Believed something without even thinking about it.
.‫مسلما به دون أن يفكر فيه‬ ً ً ‫اعتته‬
‫أمرا‬ ‫ر‬
2. make himself understood - Communicate effectively. ‫يتواصل بفعالية‬
3. had no choice but to - Was forced to do something.
ً
.‫لم يكن لديه خيار سوى أن يفعل شيئا‬
4. got off (relatively) lightly - Experienced less harm than might be expected.
.‫متوقعا‬ً ‫عان أقل مما كان‬
5. done the trick - Had the necessary result he wanted.
.‫الن أرادها‬ ‫ر‬
‫حقق النتيجة الالزمة ي‬
6. took its toll (on) - Caused harm or suffering. ‫أدى إىل ضر أو معاناة‬
7. (not) have a clue - Be unable to guess something. ‫شء‬ ‫ر‬
‫ال يملك فكرة عن ي‬
8. take his mind off - Stop him from worrying about something.
.‫شء‬ ‫ر‬
‫يمنعه من القلق بشأن ي‬
9. gone through the ordeal - Had a very difficult or painful experience.
.‫مر بتجربة صعبة أو مؤلمة‬
10. considered his options - Thought carefully about what to do.
.‫فكر بعناية يف ما يجب فعله‬
11. kept him going - Helped him to continue, despite the difficult situation.
.‫ساعده عىل االستمرار رغم الوضع الصعب‬

85
 `

LESSON 6A SPEAKING SB P45

Student’s Book Page 45 Exercise 1
1. In pairs, read the information about visiting Britain and discuss the
questions. ‫اقرأ المعلومات حول زيارة بريطانيا وناقش األسئلة‬
1. Which of the places would you want to visit and why?
‫أي من هذه األماكن ترغب يف زيارته ولماذا؟‬
2. Which form of transport would you want to take to visit these places? Why?
‫أي وسيلة نقل ترغب يف استخدامها لزيارة هذه األماكن؟ ولماذا؟‬
Answers: Students’ own answers

Visit Britain this summer! ‫قم بزيارة بريطانيا هذا الصيف‬

Would you like to visit Britain’s famous cities like London, Manchester and
Glasgow? Or its ancient university towns of Oxford and Cambridge?
‫ر‬
‫ومانشست وجالسكو؟ أم تفضل زيارة مدنها الجامعية‬ ‫هل ترغب يف زيارة المدن الشهتة يف بريطانيا مثل لندن‬
‫وكامتيدج؟‬
‫ر‬ ‫العريقة مثل أكسفورد‬
You can also visit Stratford-Upon-Avon where Shakespeare lived, or the amazing
National Parks such as the Lake District and Dartmoor.
‫ر‬ ً
‫أيضا زيارة ر‬
‫المنتهات الوطنية الرائعة مثل منطقة‬ ‫ أو‬،‫ حيث عاش شكسبت‬،‫ستاتفورد أبون آفون‬ ‫يمكنك‬
.‫البحتات ودارتمور‬
To get to these places, why not take Britain network of fast coaches? They are
cheap and convenient, taking you to all the popular destinations. Or take the
train. One of the world’s first rail networks covers more than 16,000 kilometres
and there are stations all over the country.
‫ وتنقلك إىل‬،‫ لماذا ال تستخدم شبكة الحافالت الشيعة يف بريطانيا؟ إنها رخيصة ومريحة‬،‫لزيارة هذه األماكن‬
‫ أحد أوىل شبكات السكك الحديدية ف العالم تغط ر‬.‫ أو يمكنك أخذ القطار‬.‫جميع الوجهات الشهتة‬
‫أكت من‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬
.‫ وهناك محطات يف جميع أنحاء البالد‬،‫كيلومت‬ 16,000

Student’s Book Page 45 Exercise 2

2. 9.5 Listen to a discussion about visiting Britain. Make notes on
the advantages and disadvantages to each form of transport that
Mariam mentions.
‫ قم بتدوين المالحظات حول مزايا وعيوب كل وسيلة‬.‫استمع إىل مناقشة حول زيارة بريطانيا‬
.‫نقل تذكرها مريم‬
Answers: Students’ own answers

86
 `

Student’s Book Page 45 Exercise 3

3. Complete the Speaking box with the prepositions. Sometimes more than
one answer is possible.
‫ يمكن أن يكون هناك ر‬،‫ ف بعض األحيان‬.‫أكمل صندوق التحدث باستخدام حروف الجر‬
.‫أكت من إجابة صحيحة‬ ‫ي‬
about against at for of on to
SPEAKING | Discussing advantages and disadvantages ‫مناقشة المزايا والعيوب‬
A… major ‫رئيسي‬ Advantage of: ‫ فائدة من‬/ ‫ميزة‬ …….is
One … minor ‫اثنوي‬ Argument 1 for/against: ‫ ضد‬/ ‫ لصاحل‬1 ‫حجة‬ that ……..
Another …
Benefit of: ‫فائدة من‬
The first … obvious ‫واضح‬
possible ‫ممكن‬ Good point 2 about: ‫ حول‬2 ‫نقطة جيدة‬
Positive aspect of: ‫اجلانب اإلجيايب من‬
potential ‫حمتمل‬
Argument 3 for: ‫ لصاحل‬3 ‫حجة‬
significant ‫مهم‬
Disadvantage of/to: ‫ على‬/ ‫عيب من‬
Downside 4 of/to: ‫ على‬/ ‫ من‬4 ‫اجلانب السليب‬
Drawback 5 of/to: ‫ على‬/ ‫ من‬5 ‫العيب‬
Negative aspect of: ‫اجلانب السليب من‬
Minus point of: ‫النقطة السلبية من‬
Summing up your argument/Giving your opinion
On first consideration, this seems …Ultimately, there are arguments 6 on both
sides. Having looked 7 at both sides of the argument, I think/believe …Although
some people might disagree, I can’t help feeling that …
Answers: 1. for/against 2. about 3. for 4. of/to 5. of/to 6. on 7. at
Student’s Book Page 45 Exercise 4 ‫اجابة الطالب‬
4. In pairs, look at the statement below and make a list of at least two
advantages and two disadvantages to each way of travelling.
.‫انظر إىل البيان أدناه وقم بإعداد قائمة عىل األقل من متتي وعيبي لكل وسيلة سفر‬
You want to travel from the south to the north of your country to visit your
cousins in Amman. Your parents do not know whether to drive, take the coach
or fly.
‫ أو‬،‫ والداك ال يعرفان ما إذا كان يجب القيادة‬.‫"أنت تريد السفر من الجنوب إل الشمال ف بلدك لزيارة أقاربك ف عمان‬
."‫ أو الطيان‬،‫أخذ الحافلة‬
Student’s Book Page 45 Exercise 5
5. In pairs, follow the instructions. ‫اتبع التعليمات‬
1. Spend a few minutes individually preparing to talk about the advantages and
disadvantages of one of the ways of travelling in Exercise 4.
.4 ‫قضاء بضع دقائق ف التحضي بشكل فردي للتحدث عن مزايا وعيوب إحدى وسائل السفر ف التمرين‬
2. Talk for one to two minutes each using phrases from the Speaking box. Your
partner should listen and make notes.
‫ يجب عىل رشيكك االستماع وتدوين‬.‫تحدث لمدة دقيقة إل دقيقتي باستخدام العبارات من مرب ع التحدث‬
.‫المالحظات‬

87
 `

LESSON 7A WRITING | A competition entry / A letter of application SB P46

‫ رسالة تقديم‬/ ‫كتابة | دخول مسابقة‬
Opening paragraph ‫الفقرة االفتتاحية‬
Say why you are writing. ‫قل لماذا تكتب‬
1. I am writing to enter the competition to … ‫أكتب للمشاركة يف المسابقة ل‬
With reference to your competition to win …, ‫باإلشارة إىل مسابقتكم للفوز بـ‬
ّ ّ
I would like to apply … ‫أود التقدم بـ‬
Main body "‫الرئيش"الجسم او العرض‬ ‫ر‬
‫المي‬
‫ي‬
• Give details of any relevant experience you have; say why it is relevant:
ّ
.‫ه ذات صلة‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ختة ذات صلة لديك؛ وضح لماذا‬ ‫اذكر تفاصيل أي ر‬
ً
I was 2. responsible for … ‫كنت مسؤوًل عن‬
My duties included … ‫مهام تشمل‬
‫ي‬ ‫كانت‬
I am passionate about … ‫أنا شغوف ب‬
ً
I was in charge of … ‫كنت مكلفا ب‬
As part of my role, I … ‫ كنت‬،‫كجزء من دوري‬
• Mention any relevant qualifications: ‫اذكر أي مؤهالت ذات صلة‬
I gained a qualification in … ‫حصلت عىل مؤهل يف‬
I am a fully qualified … ‫أنا مؤهل بالكامل كـ‬
• Use emphatic structures to make your points:
.‫التاكيب التوكيدية لتوضيح نقاطك‬ ‫استخدم ر‬
ً
Not only do I …, 3. but I also … ‫ بل أنا أيضا‬،… ‫أنن‬ ‫ليس فقط ي‬
Furthermore, I 4. do have some experience of … ‫الختة يف‬ ‫ لدي بعض ر‬،‫عالوة عىل ذلك‬
• Use formal linking phrases to add ideas: ‫استخدم عبارات ربط رسمية إلضافة أفكار‬
5. In addition, I believe that teaching would … ‫ أعتقد أن التدريس س‬،‫باإلضافة إىل ذلك‬
ً
Furthermore, … ‫ عالوة عىل ذلك‬Moreover, … ،‫فضال عن ذلك‬
Closing paragraph ‫الفقرة الختامية‬
Please find my CV attached/6. enclosed . ‫مغلقة‬/‫يرج العثور عىل ست ر ين الذاتية مرفقة‬ ‫ر‬
I 7. look forward to hearing from you. ‫أتطلع إىل سماع ردكم‬
If you require any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me.
‫ فال رتتددوا يف االتصال ر ين‬،‫إذا كنتم بحاجة إىل أي معلومات إضافية‬
Style and register ‫األسلوب والسجل‬
The style of the letter should be quite formal: ‫رسميا للغاية‬ ً ‫يجب أن يكون أسلوب الرسالة‬
If I 8. won this competition, I would … ‫ كنت سأ‬،‫إذا فزت يف هذه المسابقة‬
ّ
I would/should very much like to … ‫ ي‬/‫أود‬
‫ينبع يىل بشدة أن‬
Greeting and signing ‫التحية والتوقيع‬
• If you know the name of the person you’re writing to, you should begin and
end: ‫وتنه الرسالة بـ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ يجب أن تبدأ‬،‫إذا كنت تعرف اسم الشخص الذي تكتب إليه‬
Dear Mr / Mrs … Yours sincerely,
• If you don’t know their name, begin and end like this:
:‫وانه الرسالة هكذا‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ ابدأ‬،‫إذا لم تكن تعرف اسمهم‬
Dear 9. Sir/Madam Yours faithfully,

88
 `

Student’s Book Page 46 Exercise 1

1. SPEAKING In pairs, read the advert for a competition. Discuss which of
these opportunities would appeal to you the most.
‫ ناقش أي من هذه الفرص ستجذبك ر‬.‫اقرأ اإلعالن عن المسابقة‬
.‫أكت‬
Answers: Students’ own answers
Student’s Book Page 46 Exercise 2
2. Read an application for one of the competitions and answer the questions.
.‫طلبا إلحدى المسابقات وأجب عن األسئلة‬ً ‫اقرأ‬
1. Which opportunity does Maha want to be considered for?
‫أي فرصة ترغب مها ف ر‬
‫التشح لها؟‬ ‫ي‬
2. Do you think she has a good chance of winning? Say why.
.‫هل تعتقد أن لديها فرصة جيدة للفوز؟ قل لماذا‬
Answers:
1 Teaching English as a volunteer in Cambodia for six months.
2 Yes, she’s well-qualified and she provides lots of reasons why she should win,
listing her experience, ambitions and skills.
Student’s Book Page 46 Exercise 3
3. Complete the Writing box with examples from Maha’s letter.
‫ تمت اضافتهم اىل صندوق الكتابة‬.‫أكمل صندوق الكتابة بأمثلة من رسالة مها‬
Answers:1. I am writing 2. responsible 3. but 4. do 5. In addition 6. enclosed
7. look forward 8. won 9. Sir/Madam
Student’s Book Page 46 Exercise 4
4. Combine the sentences using the words in brackets.
.‫دمج الجمل باستخدام الكلمات بي القوسي‬
1. I am interested in teaching. I also have experience in this area. (as well as)
2. I am fluent in English. I also speak some Spanish and Portuguese. (not only)
3. I believe I would be an asset to the team. I would be willing to commit for at
least a year abroad. (furthermore)
4. I have experience. I also have relevant qualifications. (in addition to)
5. I am physically fit. I enjoy cycling. (besides)
6. I am hard-working. I am dedicated. (not only)

Answers:
1. As well as being interested in teaching, I also have some experience …
2. Not only am I fluent in English, but I also speak some …
3. I believe I would be an asset to the team. Furthermore, I would be willing to …
4. In addition to having experience, I also have …
5. Besides being physically fit, I also enjoy cycling.
6. Not only am I hard-working, but I am also dedicated.

89
 `

Student’s Book Page 46 Exercise 5

5. WRITING TASK Choose one of the dream jobs described in the ad on page
47. Write your competition entry/letter of application.
/ ‫ اكتب دخولك يف المسابقة‬.47 ‫اخت إحدى وظائف األحالم الموضحة يف اإلعالن عىل الصفحة‬ ‫مهمة الكتابة ر‬
‫رسالة التقديم‬
• Make an outline plan and notes for each paragraph.
‫• ضع خطة مبدئية ومالحظات لكل فقرة‬
• Think about what you can say to persuade the reader that you would be perfect
for this opportunity.
‫المثاىل لهذه الفرصة‬
‫ي‬ ‫• فكر فيما يمكنك قوله إلقناع القارئ أنك الشخص‬
• Don’t forget to use emphatic structures and linking phrases.
ُ ‫تنس استخدام‬
.‫البن التوكيدية والعبارات الربط‬ َ ‫• ال‬
Use the Graphic Organiser to help you plan your writing.

Student’s Book Page 47 Writing

A dream job competition and travel the world!
!‫مسابقة وظيفة األحالم والسفر حول العالم‬
Does your dream job involve travelling? ‫هل تتضمن وظيفة أحالمك السفر؟‬
Maybe you’re really into photography or you enjoy blogging about your trips?
ً ً
‫اف أو تستمتع بالتدوين عن رحالتك؟‬ ‫ربما تكون مهتما جدا بالتصوير الفوتوغر ي‬
Maybe you’d like to do something to help people or wildlife, or maybe you’d
like to be a digital nomad?
ً ‫ر‬
‫ أو ربما ترغب يف أن تكون رحالة رقميا؟‬،‫التية‬ ‫بشء يساعد الناس أو الحياة ر‬
‫ربما ترغب يف القيام ي‬
Increasingly, companies are offering the chance to win a dream job like this.
Just take a look at some of the competitions currently open:
.‫الشكات فرصة للفوز بوظيفة أحالم مثل هذه‬ ‫ تقدم ر‬،‫متايد‬‫عىل نحو ر‬
ً
:‫حاليا‬ ‫ألق نظرة عىل بعض المسابقات المفتوحة‬ ِ ‫فقط‬
• Travel researcher for the New York Times, researching the best places to visit
around the world.
‫ر‬
.‫الن يمكن زيارتها حول العالم‬
‫ يبحث يف أفضل األماكن ي‬،‫باحث سفر يف نيويورك تايمز‬
• Videographer to travel with a cycling tour of Jordan over a four-month period,
making a documentary about the trip.
‫ر‬
.‫وثائف عن الرحلة‬ ‫ لعمل‬،‫مصور فيديو للسفر مع جولة دراجات يف األردن لمدة أربعة أشهر‬ ّ
‫ي‬
• Work as a digital nomad in four cities of your choice and report back on your
experience for Modern Travel Magazine.
ّ
".‫رقم يف أربــع مدن من اختيارك وتقديم تقرير عن تجربتك لمجلة "مودرن ترافل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫العمل كرحال‬
• Teach English as a volunteer for six months in Cambodia. Flights and all
expenses paid.
.‫ تشمل الرحالت الجوية وجميع النفقات‬.‫تعليم اللغة اإلنجلتية كمتطوع لمدة ستة أشهر يف كمبوديا‬

90
 `

Maha Aldabbagh
To: Dream Job Competition ‫ مسابقة وظيفة االحالم‬:‫إل‬
Re: Competition entry ‫ مشاركة ف المسابقة‬:‫إعادة‬
‫ر‬
Dear Sir/Madam, ،‫السيدة‬/‫عزيزن السيد‬ ‫ي‬ /‫عزيزي‬
I am writing to enter the competition to win the opportunity to teach English
in Cambodia for six months.
.‫أكتب للمشاركة يف المسابقة للفوز بفرصة تعليم اللغة اإلنجلتية يف كمبوديا لمدة ستة أشهر‬
It has also been my lifelong dream to visit the Koh Rong Island. If I won this
competition, I would take every opportunity to travel and explore the history
and culture of Cambodia.
‫ر‬
‫ سأستغل كل فرصة للسفر‬،‫ إذا فزت يف هذه المسابقة‬.‫حيان زيارة جزيرة كو رونغ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫حلم طوال‬‫ي‬ ‫لقد كان من‬
.‫واستكشاف تاريـ ــخ وثقافة كمبوديا‬
Working as a teacher would appeal to me enormously for several reasons. I
would very much value the opportunity to give something back to the people
of Cambodia, rather than simply visiting as a tourist. In addition, I believe that
teaching would allow me to really get to know local people.
ً ً ‫سأقدر‬ ّ ً
‫ بدال من الزيارة كالسائح‬،‫كثتا الفرصة لرد الجميل لشعب كمبوديا‬ .‫يهمن جدا العمل كمدرس لعدة أسباب‬ ‫ي‬
.‫حقيف‬‫ر‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫المحليي‬ ‫الناس‬ ‫عىل‬ ‫بالتعرف‬ ‫ىل‬ ‫يسمح‬ ‫س‬ ‫التدريس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أعتقد‬ ،‫ذلك‬ ‫إىل‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ . ‫فقط‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
I have studied English to a high level and believe that my skills in this language
would enable me to teach it successfully. Furthermore, I do have some
experience of teaching English already on a children’s summer camp in my
home city. I was responsible for running sessions in English for nine to 12-
year-olds. I would welcome the chance to further develop my teaching skills
and learn about this country.
‫لقد درست اللغة اإلنجلتية بمستوى عال وأعتقد أن مهار ر‬
‫ عالوة عىل‬.‫ان يف هذه اللغة ستتيح يىل تدريسها بنجاح‬ ‫ي‬ ٍ
ً ‫ر‬
‫ كنت مسؤوًل‬.‫مدينن‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫لألطفال‬ ‫صيف‬
‫ي‬ ‫معسكر‬ ‫ف‬‫ي‬ ‫بالفعل‬ ‫ية‬ ‫اإلنجلت‬ ‫الختة يف تدريس اللغة‬ ‫ لدي بعض ر‬،‫ذلك‬
‫ر‬
‫ سأرحب‬.‫ سنة‬12 ‫عن تنظيم جلسات تعليمية باللغة اإلنجلتية لألطفال الذين تتاوح أعمارهم بي تسع إىل‬
‫ر‬
.‫أكت والتعرف عىل هذا البلد‬ ‫ان يف التدريس بشكل ر‬ ‫بفرصة لتطوير مهار ي‬
I feel that I would be a good candidate because not only do I have the relevant
skills and experience, but I am also passionate about Cambodia and its people.
I hope you will give my entry serious consideration.
ً ً ً
‫ بل أيضا أنا‬،‫والختة المناسبة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ألنن ليس فقط أمتلك المهارات‬ ‫أنن سأكون مرشحا جيدا لهذه الفرصة ي‬ ‫أعتقد ي‬
.‫كن بعي االعتبار الجاد‬ ‫ر‬
‫ آمل أن تأخذوا مشار ي‬.‫شغوف بكمبوديا وشعبها‬
Please find my CV enclosed, for further details of my qualifications and
experience.
‫ر‬ ‫ر‬
.‫ان‬
‫وخت ي‬ ‫مؤهالن ر‬
‫ي‬ ‫ للحصول عىل مزيد من التفاصيل حول‬،‫يرج العثور عىل ست ر ين الذاتية المرفقة‬ ‫ر‬
I look forward to hearing from you. ‫أتطلع إىل سماع ردكم‬
Yours faithfully, ،‫مع خالص التقدير‬
Maha Aldabbagh ‫مها الضباح‬

91
 `

99 Revision WB P34
VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR ‫المفردات والقواعد‬
1. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
‫ر‬
‫اخت الكلمات الصحيحة إلكمال الجمل‬
1. There were some minor setbacks / flops at the beginning of the project, but in
the end it went well.
2. His hard work paid up / off and he did really well in the final exams.
3. He took a digital presentation to the interview and they loved it. What a
masterstroke / blunder!
4. This is not worth the chance / risk. I always prefer to be safe.

Answers: 1. setbacks 2. off 3. masterstroke 4. risk

2. Complete the dialogue with the words from the box.

‫التاىل من الصندوق‬
‫أكمل الحوار ي‬
choice clue consider do messed up off take
A: Oh no! I’ve really 1……………………… – I’ve lost the house key. What shall we do?
B: Well, let’s 2……………………… our options; we could try to open that window or
break it.
A: It won’t open. What now?
B: I haven’t a 3……………………… .
A: It’s cold out here. Now I realise how much I 4……………………… my house for
granted.
B: Have a chocolate. It should take your mind 5……………………… the cold.
A: Thanks! That should 6……………………… the trick.
B: Well, I think we have no 7……………………… but to break the window.

Answers: 1. messed up 2. consider 3. clue 4. take 5. off 6. do 7. choice

3. Complete the binomial phrases in the sentences with one word.

.‫أكمل العبارات الثنائية يف الجمل بكلمة واحدة‬
1. You must try to be flexible. There should be some give and…………………………. in
any friendship.
2. I think it’s more or ………………………….certain you’ll get the job.
3. I had to decide if I wanted the job ………………………….and then. They said they
couldn’t wait.
4. The team has had its ………………………….and downs but they’re doing very well
now.
5. We got lost in the desert but in the end got home safe and………………………….

Answers: 1. take 2. less 3. there 4. ups 5. sound

92
 `

4. Complete the sentences with a conditional form, using the verbs in

brackets. ‫أكمل الجمل باستخدام صيغة ر‬
‫ مع استخدام األفعال بي األقواس‬،‫الشط‬
1. If she………………………………. (not/be) an interesting person, the
journalists………………………………. (not/interview) her.
2. People………………………………. (not/be) successful unless they……………………………….
(know) what they want.
3. If he………………………………. (accept) the job with the travel agency last year,
he………………………………. (be) in Australia now.
4. If you………………………………. (not/give up) languages at school,
you………………………………. (be able) work abroad now.
Answers:
1. wasn’t/weren’t, wouldn’t have interviewed
2. won’t be/aren’t, know
3. had accepted, would be
4. hadn’t given up, would be able to

5. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. More than one
answer is possible.
‫ قد يكون هناك ر‬.‫اخت الكلمات الصحيحة إلكمال الجمل‬
.‫أكت من إجابة صحيحة‬ ‫ر‬
1. I wish everything these days isn’t / wasn’t / weren’t so expensive.
2. If only my sister would stop / stopped / had stopped borrowing my clothes!
3. I wish I studied / would study / had studied sciences at school, but it’s too
late now.
4. He needn’t have worried / shouldn’t have worried / didn’t need to worry
about the test. He came top!
Answers: 1. wasn’t/weren’t 2. would stop 3. had studied
4. needn’t have worried/shouldn’t have worried

USE OF ENGLISH
6. Complete the text with one word in each gap. ‫أكمل النص بكلمة واحدة يف كل فراغ‬
FOLLOW YOUR HEART
Working in the travel business appeals to many young people who want to work as
a flight attendant. Some of them 1………………………………… to different airlines when
they leave school.
One of the benefits of this job is having access to discount airfares. Nevertheless,
there are some downsides 2………………………………… the job too: air crew can work
long hours, and passengers aren’t always easy to deal with.
There are far more candidates than vacancies, so companies can 3………………………
and choose. Amal, a flight attendant with a major airline, says, ‘There’s a
4………………………………… chance that you might succeed so be prepared for
rejection. If I 5………………………………… not followed my heart, I could be very
unhappy now. But this is the life for me!
Answers: 1. apply 2. to 3. pick 4. slight/slim 5. had

93
 `

READING ‫القراءة‬
7. Read the article about sports. Match sentences A–E with gaps 1–4 in the
text. There is one extra sentence.
.‫ هناك جملة إضافية واحدة‬.‫ يف النص‬4–1 ‫ مع الفراغات‬A–E ‫ قم بمطابقة الجمل‬.‫اقرأ المقال عن الرياضة‬
‫تمت اضافة الجمل للنص‬
STRATEGY | Missing sentences ‫ر‬
‫االستاتيجية | الجمل المفقودة‬
Read the sentences before and after the gap carefully. Look for reference
words, e.g. personal pronouns. Discourse markers such as in addition,
however, will also help you.
ً
‫ ستساعدك أيضا‬.‫ مثل الضمائر الشخصية‬،‫ ابحث عن كلمات المرجع‬.‫اقرأ الجمل قبل الفجوة وبعدها بعناية‬
".‫أدوات الربط مثل "باإلضافة إىل ذلك" و "مع ذلك‬
A. Although some people might disagree, I can’t help feeling that all the
examples mentioned reflect the basic goodness of the human being.
B. One interesting example is about two runners who train together.
C. Survival of the fittest is the name of the game, and can turn perfectly normal
people into unpleasant individuals.
D. Although on the other hand, he might not be so well known today.
E. One of the best known of such sporting moments happened in 2016 in the
Triathlon World Series in Mexico.

F A I R P L AY
Anyone who takes part in a competitive sport knows how the natural human
desire to win can bring out the worst in people. 1 C. Survival of the fittest is
the name of the game, and can turn perfectly normal people into unpleasant
individuals.
ُ
.‫أي شخص يشارك ف رياضة تنافسية يعرف كيف يمكن للرغبة الطبيعية لدى اإلنسان ف الفوز أن تظهر أسوأ ما فيه‬
ً
ً ‫أشخاصا عاديي‬
.‫تماما إل أفراد غي محببي‬ ّ ‫ ويمكن أن‬،‫البقاء لألصلح هو اسم اللعبة‬1C
‫يحول‬
Think of the professional footballers who forget all about fair play in an attempt
to win their side a penalty.
Fortunately, stories demonstrating the better side of human nature sometimes hit
the headlines. 2 E. One of the best known of such sporting moments happened
in 2016 in the Triathlon World Series in Mexico.
ً ‫فكر ف العت كرة القدم المحيفي الذين ينسون‬
.‫تماما اللعب النظيف ف محاولة لكسب ركلة جزاء لفريقهم‬
ً
‫أحيانا قصص ُتيز الجانب األفضل من الطبيعة ر‬
.‫البشية ف العناوين الرئيسية‬ ‫ تظهر‬،‫لحسن الحظ‬
.‫ ف سلسلة اليياتلون العالمية ف المكسيك‬2016 ‫واحدة من أشهر هذه اللحظات الرياضية حدثت عام‬2E
British runner Jonny Brownlee was about to finish first when the heat made him
ill and he was about to fall over. Jonny’s brother Alistair was in third place when
he saw his brother and helped to carry him over the finish line.
If his brother hadn’t helped Jonny, he probably wouldn’t have finished the race.
‫كان العداء الييطائ جوئ براونىل عىل وشك إنهاء السباق ف المركز األول عندما أصيب باإلعياء بسبب الحرارة وكاد أن‬
.‫ فساعده ف الوصول إل خط النهاية‬،‫كان شقيقه أليستي ف المركز الثالث عندما رآه‬.‫يسقط‬
.‫ فمن المحتمل أنه لم يكن ليكمل السباق‬،‫لو لم يساعده شقيقه‬

94
 `

3 D. Although on the other hand, he might not be so well known today.

In fact, if we really want to find them, there are lots of stories of sporting
heroism.
ً
.‫مشهورا كما هو اليوم‬ ‫ ربما لم يكن ليصبح‬،‫ولكن من ناحية أخرى‬3D.
ً
.‫ فهناك العديد من القصص عن البطولة الرياضية‬،‫ إذا أردنا حقا البحث عنها‬،‫ف الواقع‬
We can read about rugby players who stop playing to help an injured fellow
player, of golfers who admit to doing something wrong even if no one saw, and of
Formula One racing drivers stopping to help others who have had a serious
accident. 4 A. Although some people might disagree, I can’t help feeling that
all the examples mentioned reflect the basic goodness of the human being.
‫ وعن العت الجولف الذين يعيفون‬،‫يمكننا أن نقرأ عن العت الرجت الذين يتوقفون عن اللعب لمساعدة زميل مصاب‬
‫ الذين يتوقفون لمساعدة آخرين تعرضوا لحادث‬1 ‫ وعن سائق الفورموال‬،‫بارتكاب أخطاء حت لو لم يرهم أحد‬
‫ ال أستطيع إال أن أشعر أن جميع األمثلة المذكورة تعكس‬،‫ عىل الرغم من أن بعض الناس قد يختلفون‬.4A. ‫خطي‬
.‫الخي األساش ف اإلنسان‬

SPEAKING
8. In pairs, take it in turns to ask and answer the question.
We shouldn’t take risks in life and we should always play it safe. Do you agree?
Say why.

WRITING
9. You have seen this advertisement on a student website.
THINKING ABOUT HAVING A GAP YEAR?
Then enter this competition and WIN A FREE COURSE!
The following courses are on offer next summer:
• Work on a conservation project by the Red Sea.
• Learn how to run a successful outdoor activity centre in Australia.
To apply, write a letter telling us why we should choose you.

Write your competition entry.

Use the Graphic Organiser to help you plan your writing.

Answers: Students’ own answers

95
 `

Word List SB P67

LESSON 1A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
affluent (adj) /ˈæfluənt/ – ‫ غت‬،‫ثري‬
costly (adj) /ˈkɒstli/ – ‫ باهظ الثمن‬،‫مكلف‬
extravagant (adj) /ɪkˈstrævəɡənt/ – ‫ مبذر‬،‫مشف‬
lucrative (adj) /ˈluːkrətɪv/ – ‫ماليا‬ً ‫ ُمجد‬،‫مرب ح‬
ٍ
splash out (phr v) /ˌsplæʃ ˈaʊt/ – ‫ يضف المال بسخاء‬،‫ينفق ببذخ‬
ً ‫ متمكن‬،‫ميسور الحال‬
well-off (adj) /ˌwel ˈɒf/ – ‫ماليا‬
LESSON 2A LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
blunder (n) /ˈblʌndə/ – ‫خطأ فادح‬
flop (n) /flɒp/ – ‫فشل ذري ع‬
flourish (v) /ˈflʌrɪʃ/ – ‫ ينجح‬،‫يزدهر‬
get nowhere /ˌget ˈnəʊweə/ – ‫تقدما‬ ً ‫ال ُيحرز‬
masterstroke (n) /ˈmɑːstəstrəʊk/ – ‫ خطوة عبقرية‬،‫ضبة بارعة‬
mess up (phr v) /ˌmes ˈʌp/ – ‫ يرتكب خطأ‬،‫يفسد‬
pay off (phr v) /ˌpeɪ ˈɒf/ – ‫ ينجح‬،‫يؤئ ثماره‬
setback (n) /ˈsetbæk/ – ‫ عائق‬،‫انتكاسة‬
LESSON 3A VOCABULARY
give and take /ˌɡɪv ən ˈteɪk/ – ‫تبادل التنازالت‬ ُ
given the chance /ˌɡɪvən ðe ˈtʃɑːns/ – ‫إذا أتيحت الفرصة‬
grab the chance /ˌɡræb ðə ˈtʃɑːns/ – ‫ينتهز الفرصة‬
highs and lows /ˌhaɪz ən ˈləʊz/ – ‫ صعود وهبوط‬،‫تقلبات‬
ً
more or less /ˌmɔː ɔː ˈles/ – ‫تقريبا‬ ،‫إل حد ما‬
peace and quiet /ˌpiːs ən ˈkwaɪət/ – ‫هدوء وسكينة‬
pick and choose /ˌpɪk ən ˈtʃuːz/ – ‫ينتق بعناية‬
safe and sound /ˌseɪf ən ˈsaʊnd/ – ‫غانما‬ ً ‫سالما‬
ً
slowly but surely /ˌsləʊli bət ˈʃɔːli/ – ‫ببطء ولكن بثبات‬
ً ً
sooner or later /ˌsuːnə ɔː ˈleɪtə/ – ‫عاجًل أم آجًل‬
take it or leave it /ˌteɪk ɪt ɔː ˈliːv ɪt/ – ‫خذها أو اتركها‬
take the chance/opportunity to do something – ‫ينتهز الفرصة لفعل رشء ما‬
there and then /ˌðeə ən ˈðen/ – ‫ ف نفس اللحظة‬،‫ف الحال‬
touch-and-go (adj) /ˌtʌtʃ ənd ˈɡəʊ/ – ‫ غي مؤكد‬،‫محفوف بالمخاطر‬
worth the risk /ˌwɜːθ ðe ˈrɪsk/ – ‫يستحق المخاطرة‬

96
 `

LESSON 4A READING AND VOCABULARY

consider your options /kənˌsɪdə jə ˈɒpʃənz/ – ‫يفكر ف خياراته‬
do the trick /ˌduː ðə ˈtrɪk/ – ‫ يق بالغرض‬،‫يحقق المطلوب‬
get off relatively lightly /ɡɛt ˈɒf ˌrelətɪvli ˌlaɪtli/ –
ً
‫نسبيا‬ ‫ينجو بعقوبة خفيفة‬
go through the ordeal /ˌɡəʊ ˈθruː ðə ɔːˌdiːl/ – ‫يمر بتجربة قاسية‬
have no choice but to do something /ˌhəv nəʊ ˈtʃɔɪs bət tə ˌduː ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ –
‫ال خيار لديه سوى فعل رشء ما‬
keep (somebody) going /ˌkiːp (ˌsʌmbɒdi) ˈɡəʊɪŋ/ – ‫متحفزا‬ ً ً
‫مستمرا أو‬ ً
)‫(شخصا‬ ‫يبق‬
make oneself understood /ˌmeɪk wʌnˌself ˌʌndəˈstʊd/ – ‫يجعل اآلخرين يفهمونه‬
take its toll on somebody /ˌteɪk ˌɪts ˈtəʊl ɒn ˌsʌmbɒdi/ – ‫سلبا عىل شخص‬ ً ‫يؤثر‬
ً ً
ً ‫شيئا‬
take something for granted /ˌteɪk ˌsʌmθɪŋ fə ˈɡrɑːntɪd/ – ‫أمرا مفروغا منه‬ ‫يعتي‬
take your mind off something /ˌteɪk jə ˈmaɪnd ɒf ˌsʌmθɪŋ/ – ‫ُيله نفسه عن شء‬ ‫ر‬

...‫انت قده ا‬
...‫المعان‬
‫ي‬ ‫ بس احفظ‬... ‫تعان‬
‫ي‬ ‫الكيالن ما رح‬
‫ي‬ ‫مع‬

97