1.

Define digital literacy and explain its importance in today’s

world.
Digital literacy is the ability to access, understand, evaluate, create,
and communicate information using digital technologies. It's
essential in today's world because it enables individuals to
effectively participate in the digital economy, education, and social
life.

2. Differentiate between hardware and software with

examples.
Hardware is the physical part of a computer (e.g., keyboard, mouse,
monitor), while software is the set of instructions that tells the
hardware what to do (e.g., Microsoft Word, Windows OS).

3. List and describe the primary components of a computer

system.

 Input Devices: Allow data entry (e.g., keyboard, mouse).

 Processor (CPU): Executes instructions and processes data.

 Memory (RAM/ROM): Temporary and permanent storage for data.

 Storage: Stores data permanently (e.g., SSD, HDD).

 Output Devices: Display results (e.g., monitor, printer).

4. What is an operating system? Give three examples.

An operating system is software that manages hardware and
provides services for applications. Examples: Windows, macOS,
Linux.

5. Explain the function of the Central Processing Unit (CPU) in

a computer.
The CPU is the “brain” of the computer. It performs calculations and
runs programs by interpreting instructions from software.

6. What are the different types of memory used in computers?

Explain their uses.

 RAM: Temporary memory used when programs are running.

 ROM: Permanent memory with startup instructions.

 Cache: Small memory in the CPU for quick access.

 Virtual Memory: Hard disk space used when RAM is full.

7. Describe the role of RAM and ROM in computer operations.

 RAM: Temporarily stores data for active programs; faster access.

 ROM: Permanently stores firmware and boot-up instructions.

8. What is cloud computing? List three advantages of using

cloud services.
Cloud computing allows users to access data and programs over the
internet.
Advantages:

 Remote access to data

 Scalable storage

 Automatic updates and backup

9. Explain the concept of digital footprint and its implications.

A digital footprint is the trail of data a person leaves online. It can
impact privacy, security, and personal or professional reputation.

10. Differentiate between input and output devices, giving

two examples for each.

 Input: Keyboard, mouse (used to enter data)

 Output: Monitor, printer (used to display results)

11. What are peripheral devices? Provide examples of two

common peripheral devices.
Peripheral devices are external hardware that connect to a
computer. Examples: USB drive, scanner.

12. Define data and information, and explain their

relationship.

 Data: Raw facts or figures (e.g., numbers)

 Information: Processed data with meaning (e.g., sales report)

13. Describe the use of spreadsheet software in data

management.
Spreadsheets like Excel are used to organize, analyze, and visualize
data through tables, formulas, and charts.

14. What is the difference between system software and

application software?

 System software: Manages hardware (e.g., Windows OS)

 Application software: Performs specific tasks (e.g., Word)

15. Describe three common types of malware and their

effects.
 Virus: Spreads and damages files

 Worm: Replicates and slows systems

 Trojan: Appears useful but steals data

16. What are the basic principles of digital ethics?

 Respect for others

 Data privacy

 Honesty in communication

 Fair use of information

17. Explain how to create a secure password. Provide five

tips for creating strong passwords.
Tips:

 Use at least 8 characters

 Include numbers, symbols, and uppercase letters

 Avoid common words or names

 Don’t reuse old passwords

 Use two-factor authentication

18. What is phishing? How can you protect yourself from

phishing attacks?
Phishing is a scam to steal personal info via fake emails/websites.
Protection:

 Verify links before clicking

 Don’t share personal data

 Use spam filters and antivirus

19. Describe the process of installing an application on a

Windows operating system.

 Download installer

 Run setup file

 Follow on-screen instructions

 Accept terms

 Choose install location

 Finish installation
20. Differentiate between proprietary software and open-
source software.

 Proprietary: Owned, paid, closed-source (e.g., MS Office)

 Open-source: Free, modifiable, open-code (e.g., LibreOffice)

21. What are firewalls? How do they protect digital

systems?
Firewalls are security systems that monitor and control incoming
and outgoing network traffic. They block unauthorized access and
protect systems from malware and hackers.

22. What is a VPN, and why is it important for digital

security?
A Virtual Private Network (VPN) encrypts your internet connection,
hides your IP address, and secures data from eavesdropping,
especially on public Wi-Fi.

23. Explain the role of antivirus software in safeguarding

computers.
Antivirus software detects, blocks, and removes malicious software.
It provides real-time protection and scans files to prevent infections.

24. Describe the process of backing up data on a computer.

 Choose files to back up

 Select a backup method (external drive, cloud)

 Use software or manual copy

 Schedule regular backups

25. What are the benefits of using cloud storage? List

three popular cloud storage services.
Benefits:

 Accessible anywhere

 Automatic syncing

 Easy sharing and collaboration

Examples: Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive

26. Explain the purpose of using a spreadsheet to perform

basic calculations.
Spreadsheets automate math operations like addition, averages,
and budgeting, allowing users to analyze and visualize data
efficiently.
27. What is a database? Describe its uses in digital
systems.
A database is an organized collection of data. It's used in systems
for managing information like customers, inventory, and
transactions.

28. Explain the use of presentation software in a digital

environment.
Presentation software (e.g., PowerPoint) allows users to create visual
slideshows for teaching, pitching, or reporting ideas with text,
images, and animations.

29. What is digital communication? List three tools used

for digital communication.
Digital communication is exchanging information via electronic
means. Tools:

 Email (e.g., Gmail)

 Messaging apps (e.g., WhatsApp)

 Video conferencing (e.g., Zoom)

30. Differentiate between email and instant messaging

services.

 Email: Asynchronous, formal, suitable for documents

 Instant Messaging: Real-time, informal, fast conversation

31. What are digital collaboration tools? Provide three

examples.
These tools enable team communication and joint work online.
Examples: Google Docs, Microsoft Teams, Trello.

32. Describe the use of productivity software in a business

setting.
Used to improve efficiency, manage data, and communicate.
Examples: MS Office for documents, Excel for data analysis, Outlook
for emails.

33. What is digital citizenship? List three qualities of a

good digital citizen.
It’s responsible and ethical use of technology. Qualities:

 Respecting others online

 Protecting personal data

 Reporting harmful content

34. What is cyberbullying? How can it be prevented in a
digital environment?
Cyberbullying is harassment via digital platforms. Prevention:

 Educate users

 Use blocking/reporting tools

 Encourage positive behavior

35. Describe the concept of netiquette and its importance

in digital communication.
Netiquette is online etiquette—respectful, polite behavior. It's
important for maintaining positive and effective digital interactions.

36. What is digital literacy, and how does it differ from

computer literacy?

 Digital literacy: Broad skills including using online tools and

evaluating content.

 Computer literacy: Basic knowledge of using a computer system.

37. Define digital rights and responsibilities.

Digital rights include access to digital tools and privacy.
Responsibilities involve ethical usage, not spreading false or harmful
content.

38. Explain the importance of data privacy and

confidentiality.
Protects sensitive information from misuse, identity theft, or
unauthorized access. Essential for personal and organizational trust.

39. What is the role of social media in digital literacy?

Social media teaches communication, content creation, and critical
thinking. It also highlights the need for privacy and digital ethics.

40. Differentiate between a LAN and a WAN.

 LAN (Local Area Network): Covers a small area like a home or

office.

 WAN (Wide Area Network): Covers large areas; connects multiple

LANs (e.g., the Internet).

41. Describe the function of a router in a network.

A router directs data between different devices and the internet. It
connects a local network (LAN) to the internet and assigns IP
addresses to devices.
42. What is Wi-Fi, and how does it work?
Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows devices to
connect to the internet via radio waves through a router or access
point.

43. Explain the concept of IP address and its significance in

networking.
An IP address is a unique number assigned to each device on a
network. It identifies and allows communication between devices on
the internet.

44. What is a domain name, and how is it used in internet

navigation?
A domain name is a readable address for websites (e.g.,
google.com). It's translated into an IP address so browsers can
locate web servers.

45. Define the Internet of Things (IoT) and provide

examples of IoT devices.
IoT is a network of connected devices that share data. Examples:
Smart thermostat, smartwatches, smart refrigerators.

46. Describe the basic components of a network system.

 Router: Connects devices to the internet

 Switch: Connects devices within a LAN

 Cables/Wi-Fi: Transmit data

 Devices: Computers, printers, etc.

47. What are the advantages and disadvantages of

wireless networks?

 Advantages: Mobility, easy installation, scalability

 Disadvantages: Interference, security risks, slower speeds

compared to wired networks

48. Explain the concept of bandwidth and its effect on

network speed.
Bandwidth is the amount of data that can be transmitted in a given
time. Higher bandwidth = faster network speed and better
performance.

49. What is cybersecurity? List three best practices for

maintaining cybersecurity.
Cybersecurity is protecting systems from cyber threats. Best
practices:
 Use strong passwords

 Update software regularly

 Avoid suspicious links and attachments

50. What are digital footprints, and how can they affect
one’s reputation?
A digital footprint is your online presence. Negative content can hurt
job prospects or relationships, while positive activity builds
credibility.

51. Explain the concept of digital wellness and its

importance.
Digital wellness refers to using technology in a healthy and balanced
way. It helps reduce screen time, stress, and supports mental well-
being.

52. What is the role of encryption in digital

communication?
Encryption converts data into unreadable format to prevent
unauthorized access. It's used in messaging apps, websites, and
secure transactions.

53. Differentiate between HTTP and HTTPS protocols.

 HTTP: Unsecured data transmission

 HTTPS: Secure; uses SSL/TLS encryption for data protection

(indicated by padlock icon)

54. What is digital forensics, and where is it applied?

Digital forensics involves investigating digital devices for legal
evidence. It’s used in cybercrime cases, data breaches, and law
enforcement.

55. Describe the steps involved in troubleshooting common

network problems.

56. Check physical connections

57. Restart router/device

58. Run diagnostics

59. Check IP settings

60. Contact ISP if needed

61. What is a modem, and how is it used in a network?

A modem converts digital signals to analog and vice versa. It
 connects your home network to your ISP through phone or cable
lines.

62. Explain the concept of peer-to-peer networking.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks allow devices to share files directly
without a central server. Common in file-sharing apps like BitTorrent.

63. What are digital certificates, and how do they ensure

secure communication?
Digital certificates verify a website’s identity and encrypt
communications. They’re issued by trusted certificate authorities
(CAs).

64. Differentiate between synchronous and asynchronous

communication.

 Synchronous: Real-time (e.g., video call)

 Asynchronous: Delayed response (e.g., email)

60. What is the purpose of using a file management

system?
It helps organize, store, and retrieve files efficiently using folders,
naming conventions, and file types.

61. Explain the steps involved in creating and organizing

folders in a computer.

 Right-click in a directory or desktop

 Select "New" > "Folder"

 Name the folder

 Drag or save files into appropriate folders

 Use subfolders to further organize content

62. What is data compression? Explain the difference

between lossless and lossy compression.
Data compression reduces file size.

 Lossless: No data lost; used in text or ZIP files.

 Lossy: Some data lost; used in media files (e.g., JPEG, MP3).

63. What is cloud computing, and how does it enhance

digital collaboration?
Cloud computing allows shared access to resources over the
internet. It supports teamwork through file sharing, editing, and
communication tools like Google Docs or Microsoft Teams.
64. Differentiate between a search engine and a web
browser.

 Search engine: Finds information (e.g., Google, Bing)

 Web browser: Displays web pages (e.g., Chrome, Firefox)

65. Explain the role of digital signatures in verifying

document authenticity.
Digital signatures verify the identity of the sender and confirm that
the document hasn’t been altered. Used in contracts, emails, and
legal documents.

66. What is digital storytelling, and how is it used in

education?
Digital storytelling combines media (text, audio, video) to tell a
story. It helps students creatively present knowledge and improves
engagement.

67. What are some common file formats used in digital

literacy? Provide examples.

 Text: .docx, .pdf

 Image: .jpg, .png

 Audio: .mp3

 Video: .mp4

 Spreadsheet: .xlsx

 Presentation: .pptx

68. Describe the impact of artificial intelligence on digital

systems.
AI automates tasks, enhances decision-making, and powers tools
like chatbots, recommendation systems, and facial recognition.

69. What is a chatbot, and how is it used in digital

communication?
A chatbot is a program that simulates human conversation. It helps
with customer service, FAQs, and guiding users on websites.

70. Explain how social engineering is used to manipulate

digital users.
Social engineering tricks users into revealing personal information
(e.g., fake emails). It relies on psychological manipulation, not
hacking.
71. What is a firewall, and how does it protect a digital
system?
(Repeated from Q21) A firewall monitors and controls network traffic
to block unauthorized access and keep systems secure.

72. What are cookies, and how do they affect user privacy?
Cookies are small files stored by websites to remember user activity.
While useful for personalization, they can track browsing behavior,
affecting privacy.

73. Define and explain the significance of cloud security.

Cloud security includes practices to protect data stored online. It
ensures data privacy, access control, and protection from cyber
threats.

74. What is a digital certificate, and how is it used to

secure online transactions?
A digital certificate ensures the identity of websites or users. It's
used in HTTPS to encrypt sensitive transactions, like banking or
shopping.

75. What is a proxy server, and how does it work?

A proxy server acts as a middleman between a user and the
internet. It hides the user's IP address and can filter or monitor
content.

76. Explain the purpose of a digital content management

system.
A CMS (like WordPress) is used to create, edit, and publish digital
content without needing coding knowledge.

77. What is e-waste, and what are some ways to reduce it?
E-waste is discarded electronic devices. To reduce it:

 Recycle electronics

 Donate or resell old devices

 Buy energy-efficient, long-lasting gadgets

78. What are the main features of a word processing

software?
Features include text editing, formatting, inserting images/tables,
spell check, saving, printing, and collaboration (e.g., in MS Word or
Google Docs).

79. Describe how spreadsheets are used for data

visualization.
 Spreadsheets convert data into charts and graphs (bar, pie, line),
helping users understand patterns and trends visually.

80. Explain the concept of data mining and its significance

in digital literacy.
Data mining is analyzing large data sets to find patterns and
insights. It’s used in business, marketing, and decision-making.

81. What is a hyperlink, and how is it used in digital

documents?
A hyperlink is clickable text or image that leads to another location,
such as a webpage or another section of a document. It improves
navigation and access to related content.

82. Explain the role of metadata in organizing digital

information.
Metadata is data about data (e.g., author, file size, creation date). It
helps categorize, sort, and retrieve digital files efficiently.

83. What is a QR code, and how is it used in digital

communication?
A QR code is a machine-readable square barcode that stores
information. Scanning it with a smartphone can open websites, files,
or apps instantly.

84. Describe the use of digital dashboards in monitoring

system performance.
Digital dashboards visually display key metrics and data in real-
time. Used in business, IT, and education to track performance and
make decisions quickly.

85. What are the benefits of using collaborative editing

tools?

 Real-time editing

 Team collaboration

 Reduced duplication

 Cloud-based access (e.g., Google Docs, Microsoft Teams)

86. Explain the concept of net neutrality and its impact on

internet usage.
Net neutrality is the principle that all internet traffic should be
treated equally. Without it, ISPs could prioritize or block content,
limiting user freedom.
87. What are the different types of digital learning tools?
Provide examples.

 LMS: Google Classroom, Moodle

 Video tools: Zoom, YouTube

 Interactive apps: Kahoot!, Quizlet

88. Explain the role of online forums in digital literacy.

Online forums allow users to share knowledge, ask questions, and
learn from others. They promote community learning and digital
engagement.

89. What are the benefits of using e-learning platforms?

 Flexible and self-paced learning

 Access to a wide range of resources

 Interactive and engaging content

 Cost-effective

90. Describe the process of creating a digital presentation.

 Open software (e.g., PowerPoint)

 Choose a template

 Add slides with content

 Insert images, charts, and animations

 Review and rehearse

 Save and present

91. What is the significance of file encryption?

File encryption secures data by converting it into unreadable code.
Only authorized users with a decryption key can access the file,
protecting it from theft.

92. Explain the role of a server in digital networks.

A server provides services like hosting websites, storing files, or
managing emails. It responds to requests from client devices over a
network.

93. Describe the impact of digital technology on education.

 Enables e-learning and virtual classrooms

 Offers interactive content

 Supports collaboration and remote access

 Increases access to educational resources

94. What are the different types of computer networks?

 LAN (Local Area Network)

 WAN (Wide Area Network)

 MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

 PAN (Personal Area Network)

 WLAN (Wireless LAN)

95. Explain the concept of virtual reality and its

applications.
VR is an immersive digital environment that simulates real or
imaginary experiences. Used in gaming, training, healthcare, and
education.

96. What are digital libraries, and how do they enhance

learning?
Digital libraries store books, articles, and media online. They provide
easy, 24/7 access to vast educational resources globally.

97. Describe the impact of social media on digital

communication.
Social media enables instant sharing and interaction but can also
lead to misinformation and reduced face-to-face interactions.

98. What is cloud computing, and how does it support

digital collaboration?
(Repeated from Q8/Q63) Cloud computing enables real-time file
sharing, storage, and communication across locations, enhancing
teamwork.

99. What is the significance of internet safety in digital

literacy?
Internet safety protects users from cyber threats, identity theft, and
harmful content. It’s crucial for responsible and secure online
behavior.

100. What is a digital footprint, and how can one maintain a

positive online reputation?
(Repeated from Q9/Q50) A digital footprint is your online activity
record. To maintain a good reputation:

 Think before posting

 Avoid negative interactions

 Keep profiles professional

 Regularly review privacy settings