bn for OBCs in Article 21: Protection of Life and Personal

eservations. No person nshall be deprived of his s Liberty FUN

life except
procedure established by law. (Borrowed from the
pt entitled to
constitution)
according
Japenreto te A

-The foremost right among right to

A's constitution.
Personal Liberty. freedom is Right to life
A

Article 20 and 21 can never be suspended.

bited from (
Landmark Cases &Interpretations
efined in the A. K. Gopalan Case: 1950
"The Supreme Court of India tooka narrow view of
Articde 2l and
ruled that it does not g toes "Due process of law."
hic distinction,
Maneka Gandhi C se: 1967
any foreign state. "The Supreme Cour -ned the Gopalan case ruling.
eceive "Title" " Took a wide stance on Article 21 and introduced the "Due Proces
President. of Law."
" It expanded the interpretation of Article 21 and made Kighto
Travel abroad- a Fundamental Right to
personal hben
" Included some rights under Article 21 namely Right to Heald
freedom of
Shelter, Speedy trial, Information, Sleep, Electricity, Privac'1
KS Puttaswamy case affirmed that the Right to Privacy
is an intrinsic part of fright to life and personal iberty
ark of Democracy"
Due Process of Law': ensures
fair rand
It is not mentioned in Constitution i s anlegal
and fust
proceedings
American cONcepl|
irns;
bperative societies; Article 21(A): Right to
bry of India Added by 86th Education
territory of India; ’t Constitutional
guaranteesthe right to frea Amendment Act, 2004 forchild

1978
" It started in Malabar nninn Birsa MMnda
y the
Ho and Munda Uprising (1820 and 1837)

" It started in Ranchi and Singhbhum.

"This revolt was fuelled by resentment against "Dikus (outsiders
" The arrival of Dikus and the introduction of colonial land
revenue system posed a direct threat to the Khuntkatti System
(collective ownership).
" Leader: Birsa Munda.
enue
" Birth: 15 Nov 1875 (celebrated as Janjatiya Gaurav Diwas and
Jharkhand Foundation Day).
" Death: 1900.

Cadkari lInrising (1844)

Ho Uprisingtime period is
1820-1837
o But Munda Uprising -1899
 Table 1: 14 Rock Edicts and
important) Inscriptions of Ashoka (" are " Barabar
monks.
" Edict XIII (13A
Kalinga War (Kalinga was the ancient name " Lomas
of Odisha). " Nagarju
(grandson
" Konaga
Minor Rock Edicts
(after he v
"Four Edicts where Ashoka has been mentioned by his name.
Edic
These four are:
Inscriptio
" Maski ’ Karnataka
" Nettur ’ Andhra Pradesh
"Brahmagiri ’ Karnataka
" Gujjara ’ Madhya Pradesh
Fig 1: Name "Ashoka"
Pillar Edicts mentioned in Maski
" Total: 7 (meaning: 7 lines) Stone Slab

95
PARMAR SSC

Nettur: Karnataka
" He was he hrst oe oT I y
d other things. Fact: The skull of Hons Ens
ldiscover few rock paintings in was found in Hathnors (Mas
roto-history India. Pradesh near Narmada rve

MESOLITHIC PERIOD (MESO: MIDDLE; LITHIC: STON

nsis of type of " Meaning: Middle stone age/Mesolithic/Microlithic perixd

" Time period: 9000 BC- 7000 BC.
Neolitlhic " Transitional phase between Palaeolithic and Neolititic
" Mesolithic iumans were hunters and hearders.
Time period
FO00 BC-1000 " Domestication of animals began in this period.
BC
Geographical Distribution
" Langhnaj (Uttar Pradesh); Mehsana (Gujarat).

80
ANCIENTHIS

Gujarat
 " Bhor Ghat: It connects Mumbai to
Pune.

" Pal Ghat (Palakkad Gapk It

connects (Nilgiri to Annamalai)
(Kerala).
and Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu) to Palakkad

tasi Some Famous Hills

a Hills
" Dhinodhar Hills: Maharashtra.
" Kalsubai Peak: Maharashtra.
"Mt. Saramati: Nagaland.
" Shatrunjaya Hills: Gujarat. situated in
nd
Andhra Pradesh (Borra Caves are
Hills " Ananthagiri Hills:
these hills.
bf North
Hills,

this topic,
For an interactive recap ofNumber 39.
Page
-East
see thecrossword on
GEOGRAPHY

Dhinodhar Hills: Gujarat

LOCAL WINDS

Local winds ae winds that occur in a specific area and are

caused by local temperature differences, topography, or other
geographical features.

Iypes of Local Winds

Place ohere it Bloes
Winds Warm/Cold Wind

|Chinook It is warm, dry wind and is also Canada, eastern side of

known as "Snow Eaters" because it Rockies

melt snow cover Cu
Sirocco Siberia, Canada, the US " The
It is warm, hot, and dry wind. It
also causes "blood rain" Sahara, West Afric wate

Khamsin It is hot, dry, and dusty wind Gulf of Guinea

Harmattan They are dry, dusty warm winds. Egypt Form

These winds are aiso known as "Dr. Sahara Desert C

Wind"
the

Brickfielder It is hot, dry, and dusty wind Australia repla

Australian Desert stort
Blizzard They are very cold and carry snow
These are strong, cold, and dry becd
Mistral France
"A
winds
These are ctnandnld winds Adriatic Sea in
Bora
Southern Alps cloc
Folhn lt is cold and dry wind
mountain

These are cold winds Pampas region, Fav

Pampero For
Argentina

NORTH e EUROE
AMERICA D

Sirocco:North Africa &

Southern Europe
Foehn: Warm wind
 in 1859. Government of India Act, 1935
ence of (Enforced on: 1st April 1937)
Hinance 1.It abolished dyarchy in the provinces and
introduced I
Centre, provided Autonomy to the Centre. dyarchy at the
2 It provided for the establishment of an All India
of provinces and princely states as units. Federation cosstirg
3. It introduced
bicameralism in 6 out of 11 provinces.
(Bengal, Bombay, Madras, Bihar, Assam and the United
4. It reserved certain no. of seats for
Provinces )
Scheduled Castes, women and abcus

Centre i Jagah Provinces

" 2024 hosts: USA and West Indies (India won by defeating South Facts Asso
"India ODI
Africa).
" The Makar
" Upcoming: 2026 (will be hosted by India and Sri Lanka) and 2028
Serve as Pres
(will be hosted by Australia and New Zealand)
(BCCI).
The averad
Champions Trophy international
"Inaugurated in: 1998 (Winner: BangladeshÀ
"Sachin Ten
" Cument ChampioN: India (2025A
He has also t
"Most suCcessful teams: India (3rd title) and Astralia (2nd title).
" Lala Amar

Asia CuP
independent
LLShariah. UAEL " Narendra

Host:Bangladesh
Winner: South Africa
 Dabhat Pheri, Vanar Sena, Manjari Sena were R

for mobilising the masses. organised

R
Gandhi-Irwin Pact 1931 3
"It was signed on 14 Februarnu
between Gandhi and Irwin.
Irein's demands to Gandhi:
" Suspend CDM.
" Participate in 2nd Round Table Conference.
Gandhi's demands (which were accepted by Irwink
1. Release political prisoners, not convicted of
2. Give the confiscated properties back to violence. b
Indians which
are not yet sold to third-parties.
2 Riaht to nrodue

5 March
 Gharana), Hafiz Ali Khan, Rajeev Taranath (disciple of Ali Akbar
Khan) Buddhadev Dasgupta.

Santoor
sthan. " It is known as "Shattantri Veena" in Sanskrit and has 72
strings,
es
Exponents
Shivkumar Sharma
" He popularised Santoor.
" He has received Sangeet Natak Akademi
of
Award (1986) and Padma Vibhushan (2001 )

Pt. Ram Narayan

" Rahul Sharma, Ulhas Bapat, Bhajan Sapori,
Tarun Bhattacharya (won Sangeet Natak Akademi
Award in 2018) Haft AkhntPtm ibhskerin 999t

Sarangi
"It is a bowed, short-necked instrument often

Yaha se isko cut kardena

Because Upar SAROD me likha
hai