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Python Modules
Last Updated : 23 Jul, 2025
Python Module is a file that contains built-in functions, classes,its and
variables. There are many Python modules, each with its specific
work.
In this article, we will cover all about Python modules, such as How to
create our own simple module, Import Python modules, From
statements in Python, we can use the alias to rename the module, etc.
What is Python Module
A Python module is a file containing Python definitions and
statements. A module can define functions, classes, and variables. A
module can also include runnable code.
Grouping related code into a module makes the code easier to
understand and use. It also makes the code logically organized.
Create a Python Module
To create a Python module, write the desired code and save that in a
file with .py extension. Let's understand it better with an example:
Example:
Let's create a simple calc.py in which we define two functions, one add
and another subtract.
# A simple module, calc.py
def add(x, y):
return (x+y)
def subtract(x, y):
return (x-y)
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Import module in Python
We can import the functions, and classes defined in a module to
another module using the import statement in some other Python
source file.
When the interpreter encounters an import statement, it imports the
module if the module is present in the search path.
Note: A search path is a list of directories that the interpreter searches
for importing a module.
For example, to import the module calc.py, we need to put the
following command at the top of the script.
Syntax to Import Module in Python
import module
Note: This does not import the functions or classes directly instead
imports the module only. To access the functions inside the module
the dot(.) operator is used.
Importing modules in Python Example
Now, we are importing the calc that we created earlier to perform add
operation.
# importing module calc.py
import calc
print(calc.add(10, 2))
Output:
12
Python Import From Module
Python's from statement lets you import specific attributes from a
module without importing the module as a whole.
Import Specific Attributes from a Python module
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Here, we are importing specific sqrt and factorial attributes from the
math module.
# importing sqrt() and factorial from the
# module math
from math import sqrt, factorial
# if we simply do "import math", then
# math.sqrt(16) and math.factorial()
# are required.
print(sqrt(16))
print(factorial(6))
Output:
4.0
720
Import all Names
The * symbol used with the import statement is used to import all the
names from a module to a current namespace.
Syntax:
from module_name import *
What does import * do in Python?
The use of * has its advantages and disadvantages. If you know
exactly what you will be needing from the module, it is not
recommended to use *, else do so.
# importing sqrt() and factorial from the
# module math
from math import *
# if we simply do "import math", then
# math.sqrt(16) and math.factorial()
# are required.
print(sqrt(16))
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print(factorial(6))
Output
4.0
720
Locating Python Modules
Whenever a module is imported in Python the interpreter looks for
several locations. First, it will check for the built-in module, if not
found then it looks for a list of directories defined in the sys.path.
Python interpreter searches for the module in the following manner -
First, it searches for the module in the current directory.
If the module isn’t found in the current directory, Python then
searches each directory in the shell variable PYTHONPATH. The
PYTHONPATH is an environment variable, consisting of a list of
directories.
If that also fails python checks the installation-dependent list of
directories configured at the time Python is installed.
Directories List for Modules
Here, sys.path is a built-in variable within the sys module. It contains a
list of directories that the interpreter will search for the required
module.
# importing sys module
import sys
# importing sys.path
print(sys.path)
Output:
['/home/nikhil/Desktop/gfg', '/usr/lib/python38.zip',
'/usr/lib/python3.8', '/usr/lib/python3.8/lib-dynload', '',
'/home/nikhil/.local/lib/python3.8/site-packages',
'/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages', '/usr/lib/python3/dist-
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packages', '/usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-
packages/IPython/extensions', '/home/nikhil/.ipython']
Renaming the Python Module
We can rename the module while importing it using the keyword.
Syntax: Import Module_name as Alias_name
# importing sqrt() and factorial from the
# module math
import math as mt
# if we simply do "import math", then
# math.sqrt(16) and math.factorial()
# are required.
print(mt.sqrt(16))
print(mt.factorial(6))
Output
4.0
720
Python Built-in modules
There are several built-in modules in Python, which you can import
whenever you like.
# importing built-in module math
import math
# using square root(sqrt) function contained
# in math module
print(math.sqrt(25))
# using pi function contained in math module
print(math.pi)
# 2 radians = 114.59 degrees
print(math.degrees(2))
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# 60 degrees = 1.04 radians
print(math.radians(60))
# Sine of 2 radians
print(math.sin(2))
# Cosine of 0.5 radians
print(math.cos(0.5))
# Tangent of 0.23 radians
print(math.tan(0.23))
# 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 = 24
print(math.factorial(4))
# importing built in module random
import random
# printing random integer between 0 and 5
print(random.randint(0, 5))
# print random floating point number between 0 and 1
print(random.random())
# random number between 0 and 100
print(random.random() * 100)
List = [1, 4, True, 800, "python", 27, "hello"]
# using choice function in random module for choosing
# a random element from a set such as a list
print(random.choice(List))
# importing built in module datetime
import datetime
from datetime import date
import time
# Returns the number of seconds since the
# Unix Epoch, January 1st 1970
print(time.time())
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# Converts a number of seconds to a date object
print(date.fromtimestamp(454554))
Output:
5.0
3.14159265359
114.591559026
1.0471975512
0.909297426826
0.87758256189
0.234143362351
24
3
0.401533172951
88.4917616788
True
1461425771.87
We have covered Python Modules and it's operations like create,
import, etc. This article will give the overview about Python modules
so that you can easily create and use modules in Python.
Also Read:
Basics Of Python Modules
How to Install a Python Module?
10 Interesting modules in Python to play with
Comment K kartik Follow 152
Article Tags : Python python-modules python
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