REPORT
TRAINING IN OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT
NAME : K. JOYCE REBEKKAL MARY
COURSE : M.E.CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING
AND MANAGEMENT
COLLEGE NAME : JERUSALEM COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING
COMPANY NAME : L & T GEOSTRUCTURE
INTERNSHIP IN : OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT
INTERNSHIP DURATION : 2 WEEKS (21/01/19 TO 02/02/19)
REPORT SUBMITTED ON : 02/02/19
REPORT
TRAINING IN OPERATIONS DEPARTMENT
The 2 weeks training in operations department gave a holistic view of the
working of the department and the roles and responsibilities of the department.
Operations at the headquarters monitors all the projects and checks if it is on
schedule, checks costs, ensures the required profit margin is maintained and also
coordinates with other service departments to ensure the requirements at site are
met on time.
In the first place, the scope of the ongoing projects were understood by going
through the contract documents.
Management planning and control system:
MPCS is a system developed internally to enable effective project
management.
It is the set of procedures followed in planning a project and monitoring its
progress.
It includes:
Tendering system
Scheduling system
Monitoring system
Management information system
Planning phase:
Accepted cost estimate (ACE) – It gives the targeted profit margin and total cost of
a project.
Scheduling system:
It included the following schedules during the planning phase of a project.
S0- Schedule of construction programme
S1-Schedule of invoicing
S2-Schedule of milestone events
S3-Schedule of plant and machinery requirement
S4-Schedule of staff requirement
S5-Schedule of labour requirement
S6-Schedule of material requirement
S7-Schedule of specialised agencies
S8-Schedule of direct costs
S9-Schedule of overheads
S10-Schedule of liquidity forecast
Monitoring system:
The monitoring system helps to keep track of the project performance. It moniters
projects by measuring physical progress and costs against targets fixed at the time
of scheduling.It also helps in taking corrective actions as and when required.
Reports used to achieve the above objectives are:
M1 - Progress monitoring
M2 - Cost monitoring
M3- Performance reporting
The daily progress report and the monthly progress report are used to track the
progress and the job cost report (JCR) is used to track the costs.
Works done:
Basic details about types of piles, procedure for planning different types of
piles was studied.
Installation of BCIS piles for LNG Tank foundation, Dhamra, Orissa.
o The construction schedule was prepared after understanding the project
scope.
o The network diagram was drawn to determine the duration and critical
path of the project by using cpm method.
o The time delay analysis of the project was done.
o Cost analysis of the project was done.
PILES:
A conduit through which load from structure is transferred to soil either by
friction (or) bearing (or) by both.
Piles are classified as:
o Cross section - 1) circular
2) square
3) hexagonal
4) octangonal
o Material - 1) concrete
2) steel
3) timber
o System - 1) displacement
2) replacement
o Operation - 1) bored
2) driven
o Inclination - 1) vertical
2) raker
o Location - 1) on-shore
2) off-shore
o Load transfer – 1) friction
2) end – bearing
3) combined friction and end bearing
Pile load tests:
Initial load test – on test piles
Routine load test – on working piles
Static load tests:
o Vertical load test
o Lateral load test
o Pull out test
Dynamic load tests:
o Pile integrity test
o Cross hole seismic logging
o Pile driver analysis
The equipments used for construction of different foundations are;
Piling rigs
Rotary
o Hydraulic
o Mechanical
o Reverse circulation drilling rigs
Non-rotary
o Direct mud circulation
o Bailer and chiesel
o Reverse mud circulation
Driven piles:
Hydraulic / diesel impact hammers
Diaphragm wall
Hydraulic kelly grab
Trench cutter
Sheet piles
Vibro hammer
Procedure for piling the Bored Cast insitu Piles:
Positioning of the rig over the pile point.
Installing temporary/permanent casing.
Boring using Bentonite (or) polymer solution.
SPT(Soil Peneteration Test) is done to conform the depth of piles.
After boring to required planned depth the bored hole is again flushed and
cleaned continuously using Bentonite solution.
Reinforcement cage is inserted into the bore hole.
The Tremie pipe is lowered and concrete is pored into the casing.
Concrete is poured to the top most level and tremie pipe is removed.
Casing is removed and extra concrete is chipped of.
INSTALLATION OF BORED CAST INSITU PILES FOR LNG TANK
FOUNDATION, Dhamra , Orissa.
Scope of the project :
No. Of piles to be constructed:
Tank -1 = 436 nos.
Tank -2 = 436 nos.
Depth of pile :
Tank -1 :
241nos = 56m deep.
195nos = 61m deep.
Tank -2 :
288nos = 61m deep.
148nos = 56m deep.
Diameter of the pile = 1200mm.
Thickness of permanent liner = 8mm.
Depth of the liner = 24m.
PLANNED SCHEDULE OF THE PROJECT :
1. Issue of LOI = 3/4/2018
2. Mobilization = 20/4/2018
3. Completion of test piles = 10/5/2018
4. Load test completion = 10/6/2018
5. Tank-1 piles = 1/6/2018 to 15/8/2018
6. Tank-2 piles = 15/7/2018 to 3/10/2018
7. Grace period = 4/10/2018 to 18/10/18
NETWORK DIAGRAM WITH PLANNED SCHEDULE
D(31) 5
A(1) B(17) C(20)
1 2 3 4 7 8
G(15)
6
E(76) F(81)
ANALYSIS USING CPM :
1-2-3-4-5-7-8 = 1+17+20+31+0+15 = 84 Days.
1-2-3-4-6-7-8 = 1+17+20+76+81+15 = 210 D ays.
Therefore Critical path is 1-2-3-4-6-7-8.
i.e. A-B-C-E-F-G = 210 Days.
Table 1 :
Calculation of Total float, Free float and Independent float of the project :
ACTIVITY NODES TIME (t) ES EF LS LF TF FF IF
A 1 to 2 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
B 2 to 3 17 1 18 1 18 0 0 0
C 3 to 4 20 18 38 18 38 0 0 0
D 4 to 5 31 38 69 164 195 126 0 0
E 4 to 6 76 38 114 38 114 0 0 0
F 6 to 7 81 114 195 114 15 0 0 0
G 7 to 8 15 195 210 195 210 0 0 0
TIME – COST ANALYSIS:
Time delay analysis:
Table2 : Calculation of impact of delay on the project.
S.NO Activity Planned Actual Delayed %of
time time time activity
(days) (days) (days) completed(%)
1. Issue of LOI 1 1 7 14
1.a. Access road - 31 31 100
2. Mobilisatio 17 56 39 44
n
3. Completion 20 80 60 33
of test piles
4. Load test 33 101 68 49
completion
5. Tank-1 piles 76 137 61
5.a Add 1 scope 75 288 213 35
6. Tank-2 piles 96 175 79
6.a Add 1 scope 75 255 180 42
From the above table,
Total days delayed from planned days = 738 days.
Delays due to road = 31 days.
Delays due to load test = 68 days.
Delays due to release of drawings =83 days.
Impact of delays in the job = 31+68+83 = 182 days.
Deduct the additional days due to increase in depth
Productivity planned for 56m pile = 1.25 piles /day / rig
i.e. = 3.5 RM / HR.
Time required for additional length (61m pile) = 1.5 hrs / pile
Total no. Of 61m piles = 483 piles
Total time required = 483 x 1.5 hrs.= 724.5 hours (40 days)
Net delay period = 182 – 40 = 142 days
= ~4.5 Months
Total no. Of planned days for completing the project =199days.
Therefore,
% of impact of delays in the project = 142/199 =71%
Cost Analysis :
Contract value of the project = Rs. 31.9 crores.
Cost of the project = 31.9/1.15 = Rs. 27.74 crores.
Direct cost = 90% of cost of the project = 27.74 × 0.9 = Rs. 24.96 crores.
Indirect cost = 10% of cost of the project = 27.74 × 0.1 = Rs. 2.77 crores.
Apportioning of Direct cost,
i. Plant hire(fixed cost) = 50% of direct cost = 24.96 × 0.5 = Rs.12.48 crores.
ii. Labour(fixed cost) = 10% of direct cost = 24.96 × 0.1 = Rs.2.49 crores.
iii. Material(variable cost) = 40% of direct cost = 24.96×0.4 = Rs.9.98 crores.
Total of fixed costs = 12.48+2.49 = Rs.14.97 crores.
Total no of months as per schedule = 7.
Determination of direct cost:
Direct cost/ month = 14.97 / 7 = Rs.2.13 crores/month.
Direct cost/day = 2.13/30 = Rs.0.071 crores/day.
Direct cost due to delay = 0.0712×142 = Rs. 10.11 crores.
Determination of Indirect cost:
Indirect cost/ month = Rs. 2.77 crores/month.
Indirect cost/day = 2.77/30 = Rs. 0.092 crores/day.
Indirect cost due to delay = 0.092×142 = Rs. 13.06 crores.
Total cost due to extended stay = Rs. 23.17 Crores
CONCLUSION FROM THE TIME – COST ANALYSIS:
Time is essence of any type of contract and time is directly proportional to the
cost. From this project it was understood that delay occurred due to the various
reasons has reasonably impacted and increased the cost of the project. As the
delays were significantly high, the project team has worked out the delays
happened and submitted the claim to compensate the losses incurred due to the
various delays attributable to the client. Based on the above working, the total
cost due to the extended stay is approximately Rs. 23 Crores. Site has already
submitted idle claim and cost extended stay in the items of BOQ which is
working out about 85% of the working depicted above. Also, to expedite the
progress due to the time lost the following initiatives are proposed at site level;
a) Adding additional piling rig
b) Increase in resource strength
c) Enhancing the process of piling methods
d) Reducing the pile liner depth to reduce the time cycle and direct cost
