ISO 5167: past and present

Michael Reader-Harris, National Engineering Laboratory

ISO 5167: past and present

• History

• 2022 Revision
Items affecting all or most parts
Items affecting single parts
Flow measurement standards

1 1000 2000
AGA Report
No 1 1930
Frontinus
De Aquis 97-98 BS 1042
1943

ISO/R 541 1967

ISO/R 781 1968
Stolz Equation
ISO 5167 1980
Reader-Harris/Gallagher
(1998) Equation
ISO 5167-1 1991/Amd. 1
1998
 1991 Chairman for TC30 2007

ISO5167 covers differential pressure meters (dp)

1987
Critical Evaluation Orifice Plate Roughness (2001 - 2016) ISO/TR 15377
Initial evaluation at NEL NEL’s Dr Michael-Reader dp meters beyond ISO 5167
of Data to support ISO 5167 chairs ISO Technical
Carried out by NEL to Committee TC30 which
support orifice plates 2001
overarches ISO 5167
Flow Conditioners 2007
2016
Research testing was carried out at NEL to ISO/TR 12767
evaluate the suitability of several flow dp meters outside ISO 5167 ISO 5167 Part 5
1991 conditioners when used in short lengths of pipe. An additional part was
added to include cone
ISO 5167-1 2008 meters
1987 Amended, e.g. on 1996 Orifice plates with
Installation Effects temperature
NEL research testing to correction Discharge 2003 drain holes
determine how different Coefficient Equation Ageing Effects
NEL initial data
installations affect 250 mm NEL’ s Michael Reader- NEL examined the effect of
orifice meter discharge Harris established the damaged flow conditioners 2012
coefficients equation (Reader- High Viscosity Fluids
1985 1990 Harris/Gallagher 1998) NEL research into high viscosity
used in ISO 5167 fluids using a smart Venturi
Discharge Pipe Roughness 2003
Coefficient Limits 1993 Flow Nozzles
NEL carried out Evaluated by NEL Orifice Plate NEL undertook experimental 2013
uptake in dp meter, which equate to around 40% of all

experimental testing (as for ISO 5167

Roughness 1998 research to establish the Orifice plates
High industry confidence in ISO 5167 sees a large

part of API/EEC project) 1988 performance of flow nozzles at

Extended Expansibility Factor with drain
Discharge
flowmeters in use around the world today

to help determine the high Reynolds numbers

orifice plate discharge evaluation at NEL Equation holes
coefficients for ISO 5167
coefficient for ISO 5167 NEL’ s Michael –Reader NEL final data
NEL equation
established the equation
determined and
(Reader-Harris 1998) used 2005 NEL Guidance Note
chosen (data Best practice covering impulse
in ISO 5167
collection not lines for dp flowmeters
complete)

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

1986 2008
Expansibility Factor 1998 Very
An analysis of the factor by NEL ISO 5167-1
concluded that it required revision
small
Amendment 1 2003 orifices
(new equations) ISO 5167 parts 1 to 4 2016
1980 NEL
Revision to include experimental BSI Award
ISO 5167 1986 1992
research up to date research on NEL’s Dr Michael-Reader
Standard first Installation Effects International Research 2002 1.6 mm, 3.2
established to Harris receives an
NEL research to determine how Following completion of mm, 6.4 mm
support flow different installations affect 100 mm experimental testing from 2 projects Flow Conditioners and 9.5 mm
International Standards
measurement Research testing was Maker Award in
orifice meter discharge coefficients run in parallel, one for the US API orifices. recognition of his work on
If meters are designed and used to the ISO 5167

covering orifice and the other for the EU, NEL did conducted at NEL on flow 2010
plates, nozzles conditioners used with ISO 5167 and other flow
additional analysis to achieve a new Contaminated
& Venturi tubes Venturi tubes at elevated measurement standards
ISO orifice discharge equation.
Reynolds Numbers Orifice Plates
they do not require calibration

1986 Testing was carried out at

Effect of edge 1989 NEL to determine how
Effects of orifice 2002
sharpness different levels of
Determined by research carried geometry 1997 Diameter Steps contamination impacted
out at NEL NEL experimental Venturi tubes Experimental research was measurement
Research into flow through carried out at NEL to
testing to determine
Venturi tubes was carried determine how diameter steps
effects from different
affected performance 2007
1986 geometries out at NEL
Pipe roughness limits ISO 2186
Evaluated by NEL for ISO 5167 Impulse lines
1992
1986 Reversed Orifice Plates
Upstream Bends & Valves NEL carried out testing on reversed
NEL commissioned and analysed orifice plates to analyse the impact
research into the effects on orifice on measurement
2002 NEL Guidance Note
plate pressure distribution & Covering the use of flow conditioners
discharge coefficients in short lengths of pipe
2003 Revision

• Four parts
• Orifice upstream straight lengths
• Flow conditioner compliance test
• Orifice expansibility equation
• Isenthalpic temperature correction
• Pipe roughness limits for orifice plates
• Permitted steps in pipework
• Venturi tube upstream straight lengths
• Venturi tube surface roughness
2003-2020

• ISO 2186:2007 Impulse lines revised

• ISO 5167-5:2016 Cone meters
• ISO/TR 15377:2018 Orifices beyond ISO 5167 – revised (drain holes)
• ISO 5167-6:2019 Wedge meters
• ISO 5167-3:2020 Nozzles – revised (throat-tapped nozzles)
2022 Revision: all or many parts

• GUM
• Expanded uncertainty (k = 2)
• Combining standard uncertainties in Part 1
• An example in Part 1
• Spacing of multiple fittings
• Improved wording; lengths unchanged
• Flow calibration
• Harmonization
2022 Revision: Part 1: context

• Setting a primary element as part of a metering system

• Pressure loss
2022 Revision: Part 1: accuracy

• Diagnostics and CBM

0.15
Transmitter A: 10 weeks Transmitter A: 11 months

Drift from previous calibration (% of reading)

Transmitter A: 12 months Transmitter B: 10 weeks

Pressure transmitter internal diagnostics

Transmitter B: 12 months Transmitter B: 11 months
• 0.10
Transmitter C: 10 weeks
Transmitter D: 7 months
Transmitter C: 9 months
Transmitter D: 11 months

• Use of multiple transmitters

Transmitter D: 9 months Transmitter E: 7 months
Transmitter E: 11 months Transmitter E: 12 months

• Multiple measurements
0.05

• Pressure profile analysis 0.00

• Data reconciliation
• Flow range and turndown
-0.05

• Improved transmitters -0.10

10 100 1000 10000

• From 2:1 to c. 11:1 on flow Differential pressure (mbar)

5 Yokogawa EJX110A
2022 Revision: Part 1: tidying up

• Limitation on the use of ‘the 5 % 2° rule’ for an acceptable profile

• Headers Consortium data
• Flow straighteners and conditioners
• Removal of those not used with dp meters
2022 Revision: Part 2

• Required spacing between two 45° bends

• Original data are for 22D spacing not 2D
• Clearer specification for the tee orifice
• Maximum orifice edge thickness for β < 0.2
Effect of orifice edge thickness - 1
8
Beitler (7585-T), beta = 0.12, D = 2 inch
Beitler (7567-T), beta = 0.18, D = 2 inch
7
Beitler (7567-T), beta = 0.23, D = 1.5 inch
% shift in discharge coefficient

Husain and Teyssandier, beta = 0.3, D = 6 inch

6 Beitler (7567-T), beta = 0.36, D = 1 inch
Husain and Teyssandier, beta = 0.5, D = 6 inch
5 Husain and Teyssandier, beta = 0.7, D = 6 inch

2
Sharp edge

1 2003 limit

0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14 0.16

e/D
 Effect of orifice edge thickness – 2: β < 0.4
8
Husain and Teyssandier, beta = 0.3, D = 6 inch
7 Beitler (7585-T), beta = 0.12, D = 2 inch
% shift in discharge coefficient

Beitler (7567-T), beta = 0.18, D = 2 inch

6
Beitler (7567-T), beta = 0.23, D = 1.5 inch

5 Beitler (7567-T), beta = 0.36, D = 1 inch Make e/d ≤ 0.1 (only a

change if β < 0.2)
4

3
Don’t miss out on a flow
2 2022 additional range up to 500:1
limit
1

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6

e/d
2022 Revision: Part 4

• Single pressure tappings √

• Note on straight lengths
• The discharge coefficient with a machined convergent for ReD > 106
• A. COLLINS, S. CLARK Additional data supporting the 2022 updates to the ISO
5167 standards. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation, Vol. 86, Article 102193,
August 2022
• 398 Venturi tubes
• Discharge coefficient 1.000
• Expanded uncertainty 1.8 %
• In the body of the standard
2022 Revision: Part 5

• Two corrections to ISO 5167-5:2016

• Figure 2: key (to be consistent with the drawing)
• 5.2.7: frustum internal angles
• Relative uncertainty for the expansibility
2022 Revision: Part 6

• One correction to ISO 5167-6:2019 2

din
• Annex B: definition of Kd2 2
Kd = C
1 −β 4
• Relative uncertainty for the expansibility
4 At
din =
π

where At is the wedge throat area in square inches

Deviations of mean points from the RG (1998)
Equation
0.3
EEC 4" EEC 10" EEC 24"
Relative deviation of the discharge coefficient from
the Reader-Harris/Gallagher (1998) Equation (%)

API 3" API 4" API 6"

0.2
API 10"

0.1

0.0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
β
Combining uncertainties for orifice plates

β 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.67

Distribution
Base uncertainty for calculated
pipe roughness and edge Normal 0.261 0.261 0.261 0.261 0.261 0.315
sharpness
Pipe roughness Rectangular 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.25 0.31
Installation effects Rectangular 0.255 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.235
Edge sharpness Rectangular 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15
Plate bending at manufacture Rectangular 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
Plate bending due to differential
Rectangular 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
pressure
Eccentricity Rectangular 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
Steps in pipe size Rectangular 0.003 0.007 0.018 0.039 0.068 0.1

Expanded uncertainty: total 0.476 0.483 0.500 0.524 0.527 0.606

Conclusions

• Those are the changes to ISO 5167

• Corrections
• Clarifications
• Greater consistency internally and with the GUM
• Broader focus
• The changes are not very extensive
• The absence of major change suggests the standard is robust
Acknowledgements

BEIS: the Flow Programme

ISO/TC 30/SC 2/WG 11

Especially Alistair Collins, Steve Clark, Richard Steven
[email protected]