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 ANSWER KEY

ADVANCED PLACEMENT EDITION

®

WORLD HISTORY:
MODERN [1200–PRESENT]

Advanced Placement® and AP® are trademarks registered and/or

owned by the College Board, which was not involved in the
production of, and does not endorse, this product.
Senior Reviewers
Charles Hart John Maunu
Phil Cox
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AP ® World History Table Leader
Table Leader Table Leader
Broad Run High School
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Westmont, Illinois Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
David L. Drzonek
AP® World History Teacher
Carl Sandburg High School
Orland Park, Illinois

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Houston, Texas Holy Innocents’ Episcopal School Riverside High School
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 CONTENTS

Introduction 1

Prologue  1

Unit 1: The Global Tapestry from c. 1200 to c. 1450

Topic 1.1 Developments in East Asia 2
Topic 1.2 Developments in Dar al-Islam 3
Topic 1.3 Developments in South and Southeast Asia 4
Topic 1.4 Developments in the Americas 5
Topic 1.5 Developments in Africa  6
Topic 1.6 Developments in Europe 7
Topic 1.7 Comparison in the Period from c. 1200 to c. 1450 8
Unit 1 Review 8

Unit 2: Networks of Exchange from c. 1200 to c. 1450

Topic 2.1 The Silk Roads 10
Topic 2.2 The Mongol Empire and the Modern World 11
Topic 2.3 Exchange in the Indian Ocean 12
Topic 2.4 Trans-Saharan Trade Route 13
Topic 2.5 Cultural Consequences of Connectivity 14
Topic 2.6 Environmental Consequences of Connectivity 15
Topic 2.7 Comparison of Economic Exchange 16
Unit 2 Review 17

Unit 3: Land-Based Empires

Topic 3.1 European, East Asian, and Gunpowder Empires Expand 19
Topic 3.2 Empires: Administrations 20
Topic 3.3 Empires: Belief Systems 22

World History: Modern Answer Key iii

 Topic 3.4 Comparison in Land-Based Empires 23
Unit 3 Review 23

Unit 4: Transoceanic Interconnections from c. 1450 to 1750

Topic 4.1 Technological Innovations 25
Topic 4.2 Exploration: Causes and Events 27
Topic 4.3 Columbian Exchange 28
Topic 4.4 Maritime Empires Link Regions 29
Topic 4.5 Maritime Empires Develop 31
Topic 4.6 Internal and External Challenges to State Power 32
Topic 4.7 Changing Social Hierarchies 34
Topic 4.8 Continuity and Change from c. 1450 to c. 1750 35
Unit 4 Review 36

Unit 5: Revolutions from c. 1750 to c. 1900

Topic 5.1 The Enlightenment 38
Topic 5.2 Nationalism and Revolutions 39
Topic 5.3 Industrial Revolution Begins 40
Topic 5.4 Industrialization Spreads 42
Topic 5.5 Technology in the Industrial Age 43
Topic 5.6 Industrialization: Government’s Role 44
Topic 5.7 Economic Developments and Innovations 45
Topic 5.8 Reactions to the Industrial Economy 46
Topic 5.9 Society and the Industrial Age 48
Topic 5.10 Continuity and Change in the Industrial Age 49
Unit 5 Review 50

Unit 6: Consequences of Industrialization from c. 1750 to c. 1900

Topic 6.1 Rationales for Imperialism 51
Topic 6.2 State Expansion 52
Topic 6.3 Indigenous Responses to State Expansion 54

iv World History: Modern Answer Key

Topic 6.4 Global Economic Development 55
Topic 6.5 Economic Imperialism 56
Topic 6.6 Causes of Migration in an Interconnected World 58
Topic 6.7 Effects of Migration 59
Topic 6.8 Causation in the Imperial Age 60
Unit 6 Review 61

Unit 7: Global Conflict After 1900

Topic 7.1 Shifting Power 63
Topic 7.2 Causes of World War I 64
Topic 7.3 Conducting World War I 65
Topic 7.4 Economy in the Interwar Period 66
Topic 7.5 Unresolved Tensions After World War I 67
Topic 7.6 Causes of World War II 69
Topic 7.7 Conducting World War II 70
Topic 7.8 Mass Atrocities 71
Topic 7.9 Causation in Global Conflict 72
Unit 7 Review 73

Unit 8: Cold War and Decolonization

Topic 8.1 Setting the Stage for the Cold War and Decolonization 74
Topic 8.2 The Cold War 75
Topic 8.3 Effects of the Cold War 77
Topic 8.4 Communism and Land Reform 78
Topic 8.5 Decolonization79
Topic 8.6 Newly Independent States 81
Topic 8.7 Resistance to Established Power Structures 82
Topic 8.8 End of the Cold War 83
Topic 8.9 Causation and Comparison during the Cold War and Decolonization 84
Unit 8 Review 85

World History: Modern Answer Key v

Unit 9: Globalization after 1900
Topic 9.1 Advances in Technology and Exchange 87
Topic 9.2 Technology and Disease 88
Topic 9.3 Technology and the Environment 89
Topic 9.4 Economics in the Global Age 90
Topic 9.5 Calls for Reforms and Responses 91
Topic 9.6 Globalized Culture 93
Topic 9.7 Resistance to Globalization 94
Topic 9.8 Institutions Developing in a Globalized World 95
Topic 9.9 Continuity and Change in a Globalized World 97
Unit 9 Review 97

Practice Exam 99

Correlation to the Historical Thinking Skills 104
Correlation to the Reasoning Processes 105
Correlation to the Themes 106
Correlation to the Course Content 107

vi World History: Modern Answer Key

INTRODUCTION
This answer key is a supplement to AMSCO® Advanced Placement® Edition World History: Modern. It identifies
the best choice for each multiple-choice question and describes content that students might include in good
responses to all free-response questions.

Each question is correlated to four elements of the AP® World History: Modern, Course and Exam Description
that went into effect in the fall of 2019:
1. Historical Thinking Skill
2. Reasoning Process
3. Theme
4. Historical Developments

The key also lists the most relevant pages in the student text for supporting the answer.

Following the answers is a correlation of the narrative from the student book to the elements of the Course and
Exam Description.

ANSWERS
Reflect on the Prologue, page lxii
1. All three religions are monotheistic, meaning they all believe in one deity. Also, these religions look back to
Abraham as an early and important figure.
2. A centralized civilization is one where the power is the dominant authority for a state, where a decentralized
civilization disperses decision making throughout its lands. Egypt is an example of a centralized empire and
Greece had decentralized states.
3. Classical empires struggled due to difficulties collecting taxes which resulted in a weak government. Also,
disease reduced populations of cities. Decreasing support for leaders made problems more difficult to deal
with. Increased need for defense and defense spending hurt economies of the empires.
4. The stability of the Abbasid Caliphate promoted the spread of Islam. This growth can be seen with the
re-establishing of the Silk Roads and flourishing of trans-Saharan trade. Buddhism spread also with the Silk
Roads and Indian Ocean area through missionaries and merchants. In addition, Buddhism appealed to lower
classes as it didn’t accept caste systems.
5. South Asia was united under Hinduism after the fall of the Gupta Empire. Also, the caste system kept society
stable amid the political upheaval.
6. The split of Christianity into the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. Also, decline of the
Mayan civilization and the growth of the Mississippian civilization in the Americas.

©Perfection Learning ® World History: Modern Answer Key 1

Unit 1: The Global Tapestry from c. 1200 to c. 1450
Topic 1.1 Developments in East Asia
Questions are on pages 12–13.
Item Answer Thinking Skill Reasoning Process Theme Historical Text
Number Developments Pages
Multiple-Choice Questions

1 C Claims Causation ECN KC-3.1.I.D 4, 6

2 A Contextualization Continuity/Change ECN KC-3.1.I.D 5

3 A Developments Continuity/Change ECN KC-3.1.I.D 5

Short-Answer Questions

1A See below. Connections Continuity/Change CDI KC-3.1.III.D.i 7

1B See below. Claims Comparison CDI KC-3.1.III.D.i 7

1C See below. Developments Comparison CDI KC-3.1.III.D.i 9–11

2A See below. Developments Causation CDI KC-3.1.III.D.ii 8

2B See below. Developments Continuity/Change CDI KC-3.1.III.D.ii 9

2C See below. Claims Causation CDI KC-3.1.III.D.ii 9

Short-Answer Question Responses

1A. Xu emphasizes values such as the cultivation of virtue and obedience by women to their husbands.
These are part of the long tradition of Confucianism, which started in China but influenced cultures
throughout East Asia.
1B. Married Vietnamese women had greater independence and women in Japan had some property
rights.
1C. Japan did not follow China’s model for government: Japan was more decentralized politically.
Landed aristocracy were more powerful in Korea thanin China.
2A. Daoist and Confucianist leaders in China closed many monasteries and seized land from Buddhists.
2B. The Song Dynasty continued to emphasize filial piety and hierarchy as ways to help maintain their
rule in China. These were traditional Chinese values that Buddhism did emphasize.
2C. Some of the abstract ideas of Buddhism, as well as of Daoism, combined with the emphasis on
ethics and rational thought of Confucianism. The new synthesis was known as Neo-Confucianism.

Think As a Historian: Contextualize Historical Developments, page 14

The passage provides context by relating Xuanzang’s travels to the Silk Roads, the trade routes over
which not only goods but also ideas were diffused from one culture to another. The fact that he meets
other Buddhists along the way is testament to the diversity of people traveling the Silk Roads. Further,
the passage explains that once back in China, the writings were instrumental in the growth of Buddhist
scholarship, supporting the idea that the diffusion of ideas occurred through written texts and printing.
Printing had only recently been introduced in China through the woodblock technique.

Reflect on the Topic Essential Question, page 14

1. Some topics that students might cover include the continuity of Confucian thought in China, the
innovations brought by Buddhism to China and Japan, and the diversity of beliefs in East Asia.

2 World History: Modern Answer Key ©Perfection Learning ®

 Topic 1.2 Developments in Dar al-Islam
Questions are on pages 20–21.
Item Answer Thinking Skill Reasoning Process Theme Historical Text
Number Developments Pages
Multiple-Choice Questions

1 B Connections Comparison GOV KC-3.2.I 19

2 D Connection Comparison CDI KC-3.1.III.D.iii 19
3 A Contextualization Causation GOV KC-3.2.I 16
Short-Answer Questions

1A See below. Developments Causation CDI KC-3.1.III.D.iii 17

1B See below. Connections Comparison CDI KC-3.1.III.D.iii 19
1C See below. Connections Comparison CDI KC-3.1.III.D.iii 17
2A See below. Claims Comparison CDI KC-3.1.III.D.iii 7, 18
2B See below. Claims Causation GOV KC-3.1.III.A 19
2C See below. Connections Comparison CDI KC-3.1.III.D.iii 19

Short-Answer Question Responses

1A. Sufism helped spread Islam by adapting to local cultures and traditions. It sometimes interweaved
local religious elements into Islam.
1B. The behavior of the Sufis shows the more mystical and spiritual side of Islam compared to the
scholarly and intellectual endeavors of other Muslims.
1C. As the passage demonstrates, diverse people living in close proximity can observe one another’s
religious practices and other cultural patterns and possibly be influenced by them.
2A. In China, the practice of foot binding restricted women’s activities. While Muslim women
often practiced hijab, they could study and read, could own property, and could even own their own
businesses.
2B. They created a climate of toleration in which Muslims, Christians, and Jews coexisted peacefully.
They also promoted trade, allowing goods from China and Southeast Asia to enter Spain and the rest of
Europe.
2C. They shared knowledge—of their own development as well as knowledge transferred from India
and China—which also reached Europeans and influenced European ideas.

Think As a Historian: Identify Historical Concepts, Developments, and Processes, page 22

1. The concept of cause and effect is a way to explain why one is a result of another. The causes and
effects related to the decline of Baghdad are:
a. (cause) The trade routes shifted north of Baghdad
b. (effect and then cause) Baghdad lost wealth and population
c. (effect and then cause) With loss of wealth, Baghdad could not afford to keep up the canals
needed for irrigation
d. (effect) Farmers could not grow enough food so more people left
2. The concept of continuities refers to patterns that remain fairly constant. Muhammad’s advice
resulted in a continuation of an intellectual tradition as well as paper making techniques.

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