Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network (NGN) architecture
July 21, 2010
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Next Generation Network (NGN) Introduction Denitions Fundamental aspects NGN architecture
Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications Introduction to LTE An example of network architecture Physical-layer transmissions in LTE
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction Denitions Fundamental aspects NGN architecture
Introduction
The International Telecommunication Union initiated work on the Next Generation Network (NGN) architecture some years ago. Its origin could already be found in the work on Global Information Infrastructure delivering recommendations from around 1998. The NGN work has outlined several important principles regarding layering, mobility and convergence. The goal of the NGN is to provide seamless federation of interconnected, interoperable communication networks and information processing equipment, data bases and terminals.
Wide range of services/applications and providers
Packet- based (IP) network
Common denominator to fuel interoperability
Wide range of transport, access, and terminal technologies
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction Denitions Fundamental aspects NGN architecture
Introduction (cont.)
Some detailed objectives of NGN include: Promote fair competition Encourage private investment Dene a framework for architecture and capabilities to be able to meet various regulatory requirements Provide open access to network Ensuring universal provision of and access to services Promoting equality of opportunity to the citizen Promoting diversity of content, including cultural and linguistic diversity Recognizing the necessity of worldwide cooperation with particular attention to less developed countries.
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction Denitions Fundamental aspects NGN architecture
Denitions
A Next Generation Network (NGN) is a packet based network able to provide telecommunication services to users and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent of the underlying transport-related technologies. It enables unfettered access for users to networks and to competing service providers and services of their choice. It supports generalised mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users.
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction Denitions Fundamental aspects NGN architecture
Fundamental aspects
The NGN is characterised by the following fundamental aspects: Packet-based transfer Separation of control functions among bearer capabilities, call/session, and application/service Decoupling of service provision from transport, and provision of open interfaces Support for a wide range of services, applications and mechanisms based on service building blocks (including real time/streaming/non-real time services and multi-media) Broadband capabilities with end-to-end QoS and transparency Interworking with legacy networks via open interfaces Generalised mobility.
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction Denitions Fundamental aspects NGN architecture
Fundamental aspects (cont.)
The NGN is characterised by the following fundamental aspects: Unfettered access by users to dierent service providers A variety of identication schemes which can be resolved to IP addresses for the purposes of routing in IP networks Unied service characteristics for the same service as perceived by the user Converged services between xed and mobile networks Independence of service-related functions from underlying transport technologies Support of multiple last mile technologies Compliant with all regulatory requirements, for example concerning emergency communications and security/privacy, etc.
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction Denitions Fundamental aspects NGN architecture
NGN architecture
Applications
Service stratum Application support functions and service support functions Service functions Service user profiles
Management functions
Transport stratum Transport control functions Network attachment control functions Transport user profiles
End-user function
Resource and admission control functions
Other networks
Transport functions User network interface Network interface
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction Denitions Fundamental aspects NGN architecture
NGN architecture (cont.)
The NGN functional architecture shall incorporate the following principles: Support for multiple access technologies: The NGN functional architecture shall oer the conguration exibility needed to support multiple access technologies. Distribute control: This will enable adaptation to the distributed processing nature of packet-based networks and support location transparency for distributed computing. Open control: The network control interface should be open to support service creation, service updating, and incorporation of service logic provision by third parties.
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction Denitions Fundamental aspects NGN architecture
NGN architecture (cont.)
Independent service provisioning: The service provisioning process should be separated from transport network operation by using the above mentioned distributed, open control mechanism. This is intended to promote a competitive environment for NGN development in order to speed up the provision of diversied NGN services. Support for services in a converged network: This is needed to generate exible, easy-to-use multimedia services, by tapping the technical potential of the converged, xed-mobile functional architecture of the NGN. Enhanced security and protection: This is the basic principle of an open architecture. It is imperative to protect the network infrastructure by providing mechanisms for security and survivability in the relevant layers.
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
10
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction to LTE An example of network architecture Physical-layer transmissions in LTE
Introduction to LTE
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the latest standard in the mobile broadband technology that is a project of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), operating under a name trademarked by one of the associations within the partnership, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute. The current generation of mobile telecommunication networks are collectively known as 3G (for third generation). Although LTE is often marketed as 4G, rst-release LTE is actually a 3.9G technology since it does not fully comply with the IMT Advanced 4G requirements. The pre-4G standard is a step towards LTE Advanced, the 4th generation standard (4G) of radio technologies designed to increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephone networks. LTE Advanced is backwards compatible with LTE and use the same frequency bands, while LTE is not backwards compatible with 3G systems.
Next Generation Networks Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture 11
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction to LTE An example of network architecture Physical-layer transmissions in LTE
LTE deployment
Verizon Wireless and AT&T Mobility in the United States and several worldwide carriers announced plans, beginning in 2009, to convert their networks to LTE. The worlds rst publicly available LTE-service was opened by TeliaSonera in the two Scandinavian capitals Stockholm and Oslo on the 14th of December 2009. LTE is a set of enhancements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) which was introduced in 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 8. Much of 3GPP Release 8 focuses on adopting 4G mobile communications technology, including an all-IP at networking architecture. While it is commonly seen as a mobile telephone or common carrier development, LTE is also endorsed by public safety agencies in the US as the preferred technology for the new 700 MHz public-safety radio band. Agencies in some areas have led for waivers hoping to use the 700 MHz spectrum with other technologies in advance of the adoption of a nationwide standard.
Next Generation Networks Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture 12
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction to LTE An example of network architecture Physical-layer transmissions in LTE
LTE deployment (cont.)
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
WCDMA 3GPP
R99
HSDPA
HSPA
LTE
LTE Advanced
CDMA 2000 3GPP2
EVDO Rev A
EVDO Rev B
4G IMT-Advanced
Mobile WiMAX
802.16e R 1.0
802.16e R 1.5
802.16m R 2.0
CDMA based
OFDMA based
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
13
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction to LTE An example of network architecture Physical-layer transmissions in LTE
An example of network architecture
GERAN
GSM/EDGE
Gb
UTRAN
Iu
GPRS Core
S3
SGSN
UMTS
S4
eNB
S1-u
Serving GW
S5
SAE Anchor
HSS
LTE
eNB
X2
S1-u
S11
S5-b
S6-a PCRF
S1-MME
IMS Core
MME
S1-MME
S5-a
3GPP Anchor
S7 PDN GW
BS
ASN
R6
ASN GW
CSN
R3
WiMAX
R6
Internet
BS
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
14
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction to LTE An example of network architecture Physical-layer transmissions in LTE
Technical features in LTE physical-layer transmissions
Aspect Air Interface Duplexing Mobility / Vehicular Speed Bandwidth Peak Data Rates LTE (3GPP R8)
DL: OFDMA UL: SC-FDMA FDD, TDD 350 Km/H
WiMAX R 1.0 (16e)
DL: OFDMA UL: OFDMA TDD 60-120 Km/H
WiMAX R 2.0 (16m)
DL: OFDMA UL: OFDMA TDD, FDD 350 Km/H
1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz DL: 302 Mbps (4x4) UL: 75 Mbps (2x4) @ 20 MHz FDD DL: 1.91 bps/Hz (2x2) UL: 0.72 bps/Hz (1x2) Link layer < 5 mSec Handoff < 50 mSec 80 users / sector / FDD MHz
3.5, 5, 7, 8.75, 10 MHz
5, 10, 20, 40 MHz
DL: 46Mbps (2x2) UL: 4Mbps (1x2) @ 10MHz TDD 3:1 DL: 1.91 bps/Hz (2x2) UL: 0.84 bps/Hz (1x2) Link layer ~ 20 mSec Handoff 35-50 mSec 20 users / sector / TDD MHz
DL > 350 Mbps (4x4) UL > 200 Mbps (2x4) @ 20 MHz FDD DL > 2.6bps/Hz (4x2) UL > 1.3bps/Hz (2x4) Link layer < 10 mSec Handoff < 30 mSec > 30 users / sector / TDD MHz
Average Sector Spectral Efficiency Latency VoIP Capacity
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
15
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction to LTE An example of network architecture Physical-layer transmissions in LTE
LTE downlink transmission technique: OFDMA
Base Station Binary bits MQAM mapping Subcarrier Mapping M-point IDFT Add CP/ PS DAC/RF
Mobile user 1 Binary bits MQAM De-mapping Subcarrier De-mapping M-point DFT Remove CP RF/ADC
Mobile user K Binary bits MQAM De-mapping Subcarrier De-mapping M-point DFT Remove CP RF/ADC
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
16
Outline Next Generation Network (NGN) Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications
Introduction to LTE An example of network architecture Physical-layer transmissions in LTE
LTE uplink transmission technique: SC-FDMA
Base Station Binary bits MQAM De-mapping N-point IDFT Subcarrier De-mapping M-point DFT Remove CP RF/ADC
User K Binary bits K=M/N User 1 Binary bits MQAM mapping N-point DFT Subcarrier Mapping M-point IDFT Add CP/ PS DAC/RF MQAM mapping N-point DFT Subcarrier Mapping M-point IDFT Add CP/ PS DAC/RF
Next Generation Networks
Chapter 2: Next Generation Network architecture
17
