EM 112
Linear Algebra for Engineers
2022-2023, Spring
(EM 112 Mühendisler için Lineer Cebir)
Instructor:
Prof. Dr. İbrahim DEVELİ
Wireless Communication Systems R&D Laboratory
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering
Erciyes University
38039, Kayseri, TURKEY
Office: D2 Block, +90 352 2076666-32205
E-mail: develi@erciyes.edu.tr
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Course Attendance:
According to the university regulations, students must attend
at least 70 % of the lecture hours. Otherwise, the student
gets NA (Not attended) from the course.
Apart from the university regulations, it is of student’s
benefit to attend all of the lecture hours. In fact, the students
are expected to attend all of the sessions throughout the
semester, since the sessions follow a series of applications.
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Course Material
‘‘Elementary Linear Algebra’’, R. Larson et al. (6th Edition)
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Reference Books:
‘‘Lineer Cebir ve Çözümlü Problemler’’, A. Göksel Ağargün,
Hülya Burhanzade, Birsen Yayınevi, 2013.
‘‘Lineer Cebir ve Uygulamaları’’, Fikret Çalışkan, Birsen
Yayınevi, 2011.
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Course Overview (Syllabus)
What is linear algebra?
Systems of Linear Equations
Matrices
Introduction to Determinants
Vector Spaces
Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors
Inner Product, Length and Orthogonality
Symmetric Matrices
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What is linear algebra?
What is linear algebra?
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What is linear algebra?
To answer the question “What is linear algebra?,” take a closer look at
what you will study in this course.
The most fundamental theme of linear algebra, and the first topic covered
in this textbook, is the theory of systems of linear equations.
You have probably encountered small systems of linear equations in your
previous mathematics courses.
For example, suppose you travel on an airplane between two cities that
are 5000 kilometers apart. If the trip one way against a headwind takes
6.25 hours and the return trip the same day in the direction of the wind
takes only 5 hours, can you find the ground speed of the plane and the
speed of the wind, assuming that both remain constant?
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What is linear algebra?
If you let x represent the speed of the plane and y the speed of
the wind, then the following system models the problem.
6.25( x y ) 5000
5( x y ) 5000
This system of two equations and two unknowns simplifies to
x y 800
x y 1000
and the solution is x=900 kilometers per hour and y=100
kilometers per hour.
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What is linear algebra?
Geometrically, this system represents two lines in the xy-
plane.
You can see in the figure that these lines intersect at the point
which verifies the answer that was obtained.
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What is linear algebra?
Solving systems of linear equations is one of the most
important applications of linear algebra. It has been argued
that the majority of all mathematical problems encountered in
scientific and industrial applications involve solving a linear
system at some point.
Linear applications arise in such diverse areas as engineering,
chemistry, economics, business, ecology, biology, and
psychology.
Of course, the small system presented in the airplane example
above is very easy to solve. In real-world situations, it is not
unusual to have to solve systems of hundreds or even
thousands of equations. One of the early goals of this
course is to develop an algorithm that helps solve larger
systems in an orderly manner.
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What is linear algebra?
Circuit Analysis
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Chapter 1
Systems of Linear Equations
Elementary Linear Algebra
R. Larsen et al. (5 Edition) TKUEE翁慶昌-NTUEE SCC_09_2007
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(sabit)
(öncü)
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
Notes:
(1) Linear equations have no products or roots of variables and
no variables involved in trigonometric, exponential, or
logarithmic functions.
(2) Variables appear only to the first power.
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(Tutarlı )
(Tutarsız )
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(çakışık )
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(Tutarlı sistem)
(Tutarlı sistem)
(Tutarsız sistem)
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(satır adımlı biçim)
(yerine koyma)
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(eşdeğer)
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(Gauss Yoketme)
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
Please solve the exercises in Section 1.1
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(genişletilmiş matris) (katsayı matrisi)
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(yalın satır işlemleri)
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
Matrix Version of Gaussian Elimination.
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(homojen veya türdeş)
(apaçık çözüm)
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
Please solve the exercises in Section 1.2
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(çokterimli eğri uydurma)
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
(ağ analizi)
(düğüm, bağlantı)
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
Please solve the exercises in Section 1.3
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1.1 Introduction to Systems of Linear Equations
Please solve the exercises in Chapter 1.
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Chapter 2
Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
(bölüntülenmis matris)
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
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2.1 Operations with Matrices
Please solve the exercises in Section 2.1
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
(toplamanın değişme özelliği)
(toplamanın birleşme özelliği)
(çarpmanın birleşme özelliği)
(çarpımsal özdeşlik)
(dağılma özelliği)
(dağılma özelliği)
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
(toplamsal birim, toplamada etkisiz eleman)
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
(Bir matrisin transpozu, devriği)
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
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2.2 Properties of Matrix Operations
Please solve the exercises in Section 2.2
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
(tersinir veya tekil olmayan matris)
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
(ters matrisin ne işe yaradığının ilk somut örneği)
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
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2.3 The Inverse of a Matrix
Please solve the exercises in Section 2.3
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2.4 Elementary Matrices (elementer, temel matrisler)
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
E matrislerini elde etmek için kullanılanların tersi. Birim
matrisler kullanılarak türetilmiştir.
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
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2.4 Elementary Matrices
Please solve the exercises in Section 2.4
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
(Ekonomiyle ilgili bir uygulama olduğundan bu modellerden bahsedilmeyecektir.)
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
(en küçük kareler regresyon (uyumlama) analizi)
(düz doğru)
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
Please solve the exercises in Section 2.5
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2.5 Applications of Matrix Operations
Please solve the exercises in Chapter 2.
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Chapter 3
Determinants
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
(dama tahtası)
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
(tümevarımlı)
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
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3.1 The Determinant of a Matrix
Please solve the exercises in Section 3.1
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
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3.2 Evaluation of a Determinant using Elementary Operations
Please solve the exercises in Section 3.2
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
Tek çözüm olma koşulu: A -1mevcut olmalı…
x+y+z=1
x+y+z=3
x -y -z=1
det( )=0
(non-singular)
(singular)
(det( )=0 çıkması, hiç çözümün olmayabileceğini veya birden fazla çözümün 4x- 4y=0
olabileceğini (homojen denklem sistemleri için) gösterir….)
-2x+2y=0
det( )=0
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
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3.3 Properties of Determinants
Please solve the exercises in Section 3.3
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
Özdeğer Problemi nedir?
x’in, n×1’lik sıfır olmayan matrisleri temsil ettiği bir durumda, n×n’lik bir A
matrisi için Ax’in, x’in bir skaler çarpımı olarak ifade edilebilmesine imkan
tanıyan x matrislerinin bulunması problemidir.
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
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Sıfır olmayan x araştırıyoruz…….
3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
(hoöojen denklem sistemi, TEK ÇÖZÜMLÜ veya ÇOK ÇÖZÜMLÜ)
(Katsayı matrisi tekil ise yani det( ) =0 ise katsayı matrisi tersinir değildir
yani sıfır olmayan çözümler de mevcuttur)
(Biz, sıfır olmayan n×1’lik x araştırdığımız için det( ) =0 yapacak x’leri araştıracağız)
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
(SATIR ADIMLI BİÇİME alıyoruz…R1 ile R2 yer değiştirilir, R1 2 ile çarpılıp R2 ye eklenir,
R1 –(1/2) ile çarpılır…)
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
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3.4 Introduction to Eigenvalues
Please solve the exercises in Section 3.4
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
( Bir matrisin eki (veya ekleniği) )
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
Kıısa ve öz
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
eş doğrusal
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
(Dörtyüzlü)
3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
Please solve the exercises in Section 3.4
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3.5 Applications of Determinants
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
(sıralı çift)
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
(sıralı n’li sayılar)
(n’li uzay)
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
(doğrusal birleşimi)
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
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4.1 Vectors in Rn
Please solve the exercises in Section 4.1
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
(mevcudiyet)
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
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4.2 Vector Spaces
Please solve the exercises in Section 4.2
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
(birinci dördül)
(iç içe yuvalanmış)
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
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4.3 Subspaces of Vector Spaces
Please solve the exercises in Section 4.3
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
(germe kümeleri)
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
det(x)=0 çözüm kümesi sonsuz veya boş
det(x)≠0 çözüm kümesi tek
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
Bu sistem için det = 0 olsaydı o zaman bu kümenin uzayı gerip
germediği hususunda ne söylenebilirdi?
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
Herhangi bir sistem için katsayılar matrisinin determinantı 0 çıkarsa, ilgili
kümenin bahse konu olan uzayı GERDİĞİ söylenemez.
Bunun nedeni sistemin tutarlı olup olmamasının; u1, u2 ve u3’ün
değerlerine sıkı sıkıya bağlı olacağı gerçeğidir.
Yani sistem, u’ları belirli bir grubu için tutarlı iken (mesela eşitliğin sağ
tarafı komple sıfırken) u’ların belirli bir grubu için tutarsız olabilir.
4x- 4y=0 4x- 4y=0
-2x+2y=0 -2x+2y=3
Görüldüğü üzere her iki sistemin katsayılar matrisi ve dolayısıyla
determinantları aynı olmasına rağmen (her ikisi için de sıfırdır) soldaki
sistem TUTARLI ancak sağdaki ise TUTARSIZDIR.
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
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4.4 Spanning Sets and Linear Independence
Please solve the exercises in Section 4.4
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
1 - 364
4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
S kümesinin lineer bağımsızlığı hakkında ne yorum yapılabilir?
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
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4.5 Basis and Dimension
Please solve the exercises in Section 4.5
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4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
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4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 375
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 376
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 377
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 378
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 379
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 380
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 381
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 382
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 383
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 384
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 385
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 386
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 387
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 388
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 389
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 390
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 391
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 392
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 393
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 394
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 395
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 396
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 397
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 398
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 399
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
1 - 400
4.6 Rank of a Matrix and Systems of Linear Equations
Please solve the exercises in Section 4.6
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4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
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4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
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4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
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4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
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4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
1 - 406
4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
1 - 407
4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
1 - 408
4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
1 - 409
4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
1 - 410
4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
1 - 411
4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
1 - 412
4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
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4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
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4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
1 - 415
4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
1 - 416
4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
1 - 417
4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
1 - 418
4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
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4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
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4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
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4.7 Coordinates and Change of Basis
Please solve the exercises in Section 4.7
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