Temporary Tables in SQL Server
Temporary tables are special tables that exist only for the duration of a
session or a transaction.
They are used to store intermediate results temporarily — like variables but for
sets of data.
🔹 Types of Temporary Tables
Name
Type Scope Description
Format
Local Visible only to the connection that
Current
Temporary #TempTable created it. Automatically dropped when
session
Table the session ends.
Visible to all users. Automatically
Global
All dropped when the session that created
Temporary ##TempTable
sessions it ends and all other sessions stop
Table
referencing it.
1. Local Temporary Table Example
-- Create a local temporary table
CREATE TABLE #EmployeeTemp
(
EmpId INT,
EmpName NVARCHAR(50),
Salary DECIMAL(10,2)
);
-- Insert data
INSERT INTO #EmployeeTemp VALUES (1, 'Ravi', 30000), (2, 'Neha', 40000);
-- Select data
SELECT * FROM #EmployeeTemp;
-- Drop the table manually (optional)
DROP TABLE #EmployeeTemp;
Global Temporary Table Example
-- Create a global temporary table
CREATE TABLE ##DepartmentTemp
(
DeptId INT,
DeptName NVARCHAR(50)
);
-- Insert data
INSERT INTO ##DepartmentTemp VALUES (1, 'IT'), (2, 'HR');
-- Access from multiple connections
SELECT * FROM ##DepartmentTemp;
-- Drop table manually (optional)
DROP TABLE ##DepartmentTemp;
TCL (Transaction Control Language) Commands in SQL Server
TCL (Transaction Control Language) commands in SQL Server are used to
manage transactions — that is, to control how changes made by DML
statements (INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE) are applied to the database.
TCL Commands in SQL Server
Command Description
BEGIN TRANSACTION Starts a new transaction.
COMMIT Saves (commits) all changes made during the
TRANSACTION transaction.
ROLLBACK Undoes (rolls back) changes made during the current
TRANSACTION transaction.
Sets a savepoint within a transaction that you can roll
SAVE TRANSACTION
back to.
1. BEGIN TRANSACTION / COMMIT TRANSACTION
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (101, 'Ravi', 'IT', 40000);
UPDATE Employees SET Salary = 42000 WHERE EmpId = 101;
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
2.BEGIN TRANSACTION / ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
UPDATE Employees SET Salary = Salary + 5000 WHERE Dept = 'HR';
DELETE FROM Employees WHERE EmpId = 5;
-- Something went wrong!
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;
3. SAVE TRANSACTION (Savepoint Example)
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (201, 'Suresh', 'Finance', 50000);
SAVE TRANSACTION Save1; -- First savepoint
INSERT INTO Employees VALUES (202, 'Anita', 'Sales', 55000);
ROLLBACK TRANSACTION Save1; -- Rolls back to savepoint
COMMIT TRANSACTION;
