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Why Is VLSM Used?: Variable Length Subnet Masks. Subnet Masks

VLSM allows for more efficient use of IP addresses by allowing subnets of different sizes. It prevents wasting addresses on point-to-point links by using very small subnets, while larger subnets can be used for LANs. VLSM also enables route aggregation, where routers can advertise a single route for multiple subnets that share high-order bits instead of individual routes. This reduces the size of routing tables.

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90 views7 pages

Why Is VLSM Used?: Variable Length Subnet Masks. Subnet Masks

VLSM allows for more efficient use of IP addresses by allowing subnets of different sizes. It prevents wasting addresses on point-to-point links by using very small subnets, while larger subnets can be used for LANs. VLSM also enables route aggregation, where routers can advertise a single route for multiple subnets that share high-order bits instead of individual routes. This reduces the size of routing tables.

Uploaded by

umairmoughal
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is VLSM?

VLSM stands for ___________________________ Variable Length Subnet Masks. VLSM allows to have networks with different ____________ subnet masks. Implementing VLSM is often referred to as subnetting a subnet. maximize addressing efficiency Used to __________________________ (avoid wasting addresses). Routing protocols that support VLSM include: RIP v2, OSPF, EIGRP, Integrated IS-IS and Static routing.

Why is VLSM used?


In 1992, the IETF identified two problems: 1. IP v4 addresses were running out. 2. Routing tables were getting too large. IP v4 functionality has been extended through: Subnetting, VLSM, CIDR, Private IP address ranges and NAT. Ultimately, IP v6 should replace IP v4. IPv6 is an 128 bit address scheme (IP v4 is 32 bit).

Wasting Addresses
Consider the following example:
192.168.2.0/24 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.3.0/24

In this network a Class C address with a 255.255.255.0 mask has been used for each subne

The WAN link has enough IP addresses for 254 separate hosts, but will use only two. Each LAN has enough IP addresses for 254 separate hosts. Consider this alternative addressing scheme: 192.168.0.192/30 192.168.0.0/25 This network allows 126 different host addresses This network allows just 2 host addresses 192.168.0.128/26 This network allows 62 different host addresses

A Waste of Space

When to Use VLSM?


VLSM can be used to prevent the waste of addresses on point-to-point links Large subnets can be used for LANs and very small subnets are created for WAN links

A Working VLSM Example

Example: Calculating Subnets with VLSM


A class C address of 192.168.10.0/24 has been allocated.
192.168.10.132 /30 192.168.10.64/27

28 hosts

60 hosts
192.168.10.0/26

12 hosts

192.168.10.96/28

12 hosts
192.168.10.112 /28

Requirement levels, listed from the largest to the smallest: Network Perth LAN KL LAN Sydney Singapore Perth to KL Sydney to KL
Singapore to KL

Hosts 60 28 12 12
2 2 2

4th Octet network/host .NNHHHHHH bits( 62 hosts) /26


.NNNHHHHH /27 ( 30 hosts) .NNNNHHHH /28 ( 14 hosts) .NNNNNNHH /30 (2 hosts) .NNNNNNHH /30 (2 hosts) .NNNNNNHH /30 (2 hosts)

Host address range


192.168.10.1 - 192.168.10.62 192.168.10.65 - 192.168.10.94

.NNNNHHHH /28 ( 14 hosts) 192.168.10.97 - 192.168.10.110


192.168.10.113 - 192.168.10.126 192.168.10.129 - 192.168.10.130

192.168.10.133 - 192.168.10.134
192.168.10.137 - 192.168.10.138

Route Aggregation with VLSM


summarization 1. The use VLSM allows route aggregation, or ______________. supernetting 2. Route summarization, or ____________, is only possible if the routers are RIPv2 OSPF running a classless routing protocol, such as ________ or ______. 3. For summarization to work, assign addresses in a hierarchical fashion so high-order bits that summarized addresses share the same ________________. 4. Remember the following rules: subnet numbers 5. A router must know in detail the _______________ attached to it. 6. A router does not need to tell other routers about each individual subnet if aggregate route the router can send one _______________ for a set of routers. fewer 7. Routers using aggregate routes have ______ entries in their routing table. higher-order bits 8. VLSM bases summarization entirely on the ________________ shared (on the left)

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