ACID,BASE & SALT
STUDENTS ARE ABLE TO
DEFINE ACID AND BASE IDENTIFY ACID & BASE USING INDICATORS DETERMINE THE ACIDITY OF HOUSEHOLD PRODUCT USING NATURAL INDICATORS
CHARACTERISTIC OF ACID
CORROSIVE THEY CAN REACT WITH METALS AND THEY PRODUCE HYDROGEN GAS THEY HAVE SOUR TASTE THEY CAN CHANGE THE COLOUR OF Blue litmus into RED LITMUS ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION (THAT IS ABLE TO CONDUCT ELECTRIC CURRENT)
SOME KNOWN ACIDS
CITRIC ACID OBTAINED IN ORANGE ACETIC ACID OBTAINED IN VINEGAR HYDROCHLORIC ACID OBTAINED IN STOMACH LACTIC ACID OBTAINED IN CHEESE BENZOIC ACID OBTAINED IN FOOD PRESERVATIVES
Figure 2.5 The identification of HCI, NaOH solutions using Litmus Paper
Indicator
Acid Solution
Base Solution
Neutral Solution
Red Litmus Blue Litmus
Red Red
Blue Blue
Red Blue
Solution
Color
Solution Characteristics
Lemon Juice Vinegar Solution Salt Solution Soap Solution Soda Solution
Borax Solution Duct Cleaner
Solution
Red Litmus Blue Litmus
Phenolphtalein
Methyl Red
Properties of Solution
Vitamin C Porcelain Cleaner
Stomach Acid
Eye Drop Drinking Water
CHARACTERISTIC OF BASE
- CAUSTIC - FEEL SMOOTH ON OUR HAND - BITTER TASTE CHANGE THE COLOUR OF Red litmus into blue litmus Slippery In pure state, usually base is in form of solid ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION (THAT IS ABLE TO CONDUCT ELECTRIC CURRENT)
Remember !
Touch isnt a Safe way to test a base properties
Some example for base
1. 2. 3. 4. Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 Soap Deodorant Duct cleaner
Electrolyte characteristics of acid,Base and salt
If the acid, base or salt that is disolved in water produces ions, it is an electric conductor, The solution that able to conduct electric current, is called ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION
What differences base and acid
Acid reacts with metal, marble (CaCO3), and other material In the solution acid ionizes to give H+ ions
Base generally doesnt react with metal Base do not react with calcium acetate In the solutio base ionizes to give OH- ions
Acid Reacts with Base
On television, you often watch advertisement showing how effective an antacid neutralizes stomach acid. What composes the antacids ? They contain Base, Because base can neutralize the acid
Acid and base reaction
Reaction of acid and neutralization reaction. This reaction gives salt base is called
and water
Example HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Some known salts..look on your book (Pg.30)
Elements, compounds and mixtures
We have known that matter is composed by particles. According to JOHN DALTON..He said ATOM IS THE SMALLEST PARTICLE OF AN ELEMENT WHICH CANT DEVIDED ANYMORE
The Combination of two or moe atoms makes a unit is called MOLECULE
MOLECULE is divided into two kinds 1. Element molecules consist of one type atoms so the cant separated into other particles ex. H2, O2
2. Compound molecules consist of unkind atoms, so it is can be decomposed (diuraikan) into other matters Ex. Water H2O consists of 2 hydrogen atom and 1 oxigen atom
EXAMPLE count how many consists below
1. CO2 2. NaCl2 3. H2SO4 4. C12H22O11 5. 2CO2 6. 3NaCL2 7. 2H2SO4
atoms
MIXTURE and Compound
Many different mixtures and compounds can be prepared. The following list is provided as suggested materials that may be used: MixtureSolution: Sugar in Water (heating the water may be required to fully dissolve the sugar) Lemon Juice in Water
MixtureSuspension: Italian Salad Dressing (or other oil and vinegar salad dressing) Raisins and Cereal Sand and Rocks Carbonated Soda
MixtureColloid: Shaving Cream Milk
Compound: Baking soda and vinegar Water Salt Sugar
A salt, in chemistry, is defined as the product formed from the neutralisation reaction of acids and bases. Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negative ions) so that the product is electrically neutral (without a net charge). These component ions can be inorganic such as chloride (Cl), as well as organic such as acetate (CH3COO) and monoatomic ions such as fluoride (F), as well as polyatomic ions such as sulfate (SO42).
Name of element
Usually the name of element are the name of country, such as germanium (Ge), Polonium (poland)
Ruler of writing elements symbols
1. If an element is symbolised by one letter, it must be capital letter . Ex. Carbon C, hydrogen H 2. If an element is symbolised by more than letters, The first letter must be capital letter followed by small letter, ex. Zinc Zn Copper Cu etc
Element and their Symbols
N
Ni Na H
Nitrogen
Nickel Natrium / sodium
Co
Cobalt
Carbon monodioxyde
CO
Hydrogen Helium Carbon Clorine
He C Cl
Compound
You have learned that element is single matter. Are all single matters elements ? No ! Water and sugar are single mater But the arent element Because the can be broken down into simple matter
Water can be brokendown into hidrogen and oxygen H 2O H 2 + O 2 2H2O H2 + O2 Sugar can be brokendown into carbon, hydrogen and oxygen C12H22O11 C + H + O
What is compound
A single matter consisting of more than one elements
Separating Compound
Compound is a single matter that cant be brokendown by physical separation 1. Electrolysis ex. separating water into Hydrogen and oxygen 2. Cristalization (evaporation) based on boiling point salt from sea water
