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Physical Modeling

This document discusses systems modeling and simulation. It defines key concepts like systems, entities, attributes, activities, environments, linear/nonlinear systems, and static/dynamic models. It also outlines the basic steps in simulation modeling, including problem identification, model formulation, validation, experimentation, and results interpretation. Simulation allows experimenting with and predicting the behavior of complex real-world systems in a controlled way and comparing alternative system designs.

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Pankaj Singh Baghel
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183 views

Physical Modeling

This document discusses systems modeling and simulation. It defines key concepts like systems, entities, attributes, activities, environments, linear/nonlinear systems, and static/dynamic models. It also outlines the basic steps in simulation modeling, including problem identification, model formulation, validation, experimentation, and results interpretation. Simulation allows experimenting with and predicting the behavior of complex real-world systems in a controlled way and comparing alternative system designs.

Uploaded by

Pankaj Singh Baghel
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BY PRESENTATION Deeksha Porwal on (M.TECH.

) (MANUFACTURING SCIENCE Physical Modelling &

TECHNOLOGY)

THE CONCEPT OF A SYSTEM

A system is:-

A set of components which are related by some form of interaction and which act together to achieve some objective or purpose. Components are the individual parts or elements that collectively make up the system. Objective is the desired state or outcome which the system is attempting to achieve.

ENTITIES ATTRIBUTES AND ACTIVITIES


Entity Activity system Example :

: :

object of interest in the system property of an entity process that causes change in An Elevator System Elevators, people

Attribute :

Entities :

Attributes: Elevators capacity, speed, destination, current location of each elevator

Entities Attributes Continue......

People inter-arrival time at each floor, destination of each people. Activities


Load/Unloading Travel

passenger

to next floor (speed and distance)

Persons

travel to elevator

SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT
It can be defined as:A system is often affected by changes occurring outside the system. Some system activities may also produce changes that do not react on the system. Such changes occurring outside the system are said to occur in system environment.
Endogenous

: activities occurring within the

system. Exogenous : activities in the environment that affect the system. Closed system :for which there is no exogenous activity. Open system : which does have exogenous activity.

Example: Environment of a business system

CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE SYSTEMS

Continuous System: The state variables change in a continuous way, and not abruptly from one state to another (infinite number of states).

Discrete System: The state variables change only at a countable number of points in time. These points in time are the ones at which the event occurs/change in state.

SALES OF A CERTAIN PRODUCT OVER TIME

LINEAR AND NON LINEAR SYSTEMS


Linear systems satisfy the properties of superposition and homogeneity. Linear systems have one equilibrium point at the origin. Any system that does not satisfy these properties is nonlinear. Nonlinear systems may have many equilibrium points

STOCHASTIC ACTIVITY
When

the effects of activity vary randomly over various possible outcomes, the activity is said to be stochastic.
Stochastic

activity is one whose behavior cannot be entirely predicted i.e.; non-deterministic, in that a system's subsequent state is determined both by the process's predictable actions and by a random element.

TYPES OF MODELS
MODELS

PHYSICAL

MATHEMATICAL

STATIC

DYNAMIC

STATIC

DYNAMIC

NUMERICAL

ANALYTICAL

NUMERICAL

SYSTEM SIMULATION

STATIC AND DYNAMIC MODELS


A static model: takes a single snapshot of a situation. everything occurs in a single interval. Dynamic models are: time dependent. state variable change over time.

PRINCIPLES OF MODELLING
Block Building-: the description of the system should be organised in a series of blocks. The system may be described as the interconnection between the blocks. Block represents a part of a system that depends upon few input variables and results in output variables. Relevance-: Only those aspects of the system that are relevant to objectives of studies should be included in the model.

Principles of Modelling Continue......

Accuracy-: The accuracy of the information gathered for the model should be considered. Aggregation-: A further factor to be considered to which the number of individual entities can be group together into lager entity.

BASIC SIMULATION MODELLING


Simulation Modelling is therefore an experimental and applied methodology which seeks to-: Describe the behaviour of the system. Construct theory or hypothesis that account for the observed behaviour. Use these theories to predict future behaviour i.e. the effects that will be produced changes in the system or in its method of operation.

The steps involved in simulation analysis are-: Step 1. Identify the problem. Step 2. Formulate the problem. Step 3. Collect and process real system data. Step 4. Formulate and develop a model. Step 5. Validate the model. Step 6. Document model for future use. Step 7. Select appropriate experimental design. Step 8. Establish experimental conditions for runs. Step 9. Perform simulation runs. Step 10. Interpret and present results. Step 11. Recommend further course of action.

ADVANTAGES OF SIMULATION

Most complex, real-world systems with stochastic elements can be investigated. Simulation allows one to estimate the performance of an existing system under some projected set of operating conditions. Alternative proposed system designs can be compared via simulation to see which best meets a specified requirement. We can maintain much better control over experimental conditions than would generally be possible when experimenting with the system itself. Relatively straight forward and flexible.

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