Presented By: Name Abhishek Singh
Group Cohesion
Roll No 63
Samir Chaudhari
72 Mustafa Maloo 94 Jayant Pawar 102 Souvig Sarkar 106 Suraj Shetty 109 Chintan Solanki
111
Whats a Group?
Collection of individuals contributing to some common aim under the direction of a leader, and who shares a sense of common identity Groups provide Stimulus, Protection & other Psychological requirements to its members The characteristics of a Group are as follows Frequent interactions Share common norms and mutual interests Identify with one another and share values Feel a sense of collective responsibility Act in a unified way towards the well being of the organization
Types of Groups
Formal Task Groups - set up by the management of an organization to undertake duties in the pursuit of organizational goals
Created to fulfill specific goals or undertake specific tasks
Formal status and role conferred by the organization Informal Groups - grouping which the employees themselves have developed in accordance with their own needs. Communication tends to be flexible and rapid, within and between groups Purpose of sharing a common interest or meeting a shared need
Group Cohesion
Also known as Team Spirit or Esprit de Corps The concept of cohesion has been an important factor in the study of group behavior
Its significance is often a source of motivation for group leaders
Clichs such as United We Stand, Divided We Fall, There is No I in Team, or Players Play, Teams Win are often used to show individuals the importance of group cohesion
Definitions of Group Cohesion
Carron, Brawley, and Widmeyer (1998) defined cohesion as, A dynamic process that is reflected in the tendency of a group to stick together and remain united in the pursuit of its instrumental objectives and/or for the satisfaction of member needs The longer a group is together the stronger the cohesiveness Strong norms and beliefs develop causing the group to close ranks in time of trouble or outside interference
Characteristics of Group Cohesion
Group Cohesion - interpersonal attraction binding group members together Enables flexibility within the group Groups with high cohesiveness
demonstrate lower tension & anxiety
demonstrate less variation in productivity Satisfaction Commitment, & communication
Dimensions of Group Cohesion
1. Attraction
Group cohesion has more to do with interpersonal attraction at both individual- and group-levels
A group may be cohesive if:
Its members have positive feelings towards one another (individual-level attraction) Its members have positive feelings towards the group (group-level attraction) or Its members have positive feelings towards other members and the group as a whole According to Dr. Michael Hogg (1992), Group cohesiveness typically develops from a depersonalized attraction to group members based on their status as group members, rather than a personal attraction based on specific relationships. In addition to group cohesion, this depersonalized form of attraction has also been linked to membership stability
Relationship Between Group Cohesion and Attraction
Attraction between members Attraction Attraction to the group-asa-whole
Group Cohesion
Dimensions of Group Cohesion
2. Group Unity Cohesive groups stick together as members cohere to one another and the group The group is unified; solidarity is high in the group. Enthusiastic involvement in the efforts of their group and existence of similarities among group members helps to develop a close connection Members report feeling a sense of belonging to the group
Relationship Between Group Cohesion and Group Unity
Group Unity
Unity
Belonging (part of the group)
Cohesion
Dimensions of Group Cohesion
3. Teamwork
The combined activities of two of more individuals who coordinate their efforts to achieve goals Collective efficacy: a high level of confidence about success at the tasks the group accepts
Esprit de corps: feeling of unity commitment, confidence, and enthusiasm for the group shared by most of all of the members
Relationship Between Group Cohesion and Teamwork
Task
Collective Efficacy Teamwork Group morale, esprit de corps Cohesion
Motivation
Factors Influencing Group Cohesion
Members Similarity
Group Size Entry Difficulty Group Success External Competition and Threats
Developing Group Cohesion
Cohesion develops over time in a relatively predictable pattern
Types of group development models
Successive-stage theories: Tuckman Cyclical models: Bales's equilibrium model Punctuated equilibrium models: periods of accelerated change
Developing Group Cohesion
Tuckman's five-stage model of group development Orientation (forming) stage
Conflict (storming) stage
Structure development (norming) stage Work (performing) stage Dissolution (adjourning) stage (planned and unplanned)
Developing Group Cohesion
Task
Norming Storming
Performing
Forming
Adjourning
Forming
First moments of a newly formed groups life
Often marked by tension, guarded interchanges, and low levels of interaction People monitor their behavior and are tentative when expression opinions
Storming
Tension increases in the storming phase over goals, procedures, authority etc
Conflict often causes fight or flight responses Conflict is a required element for creating team cohesion
Norming
Group becomes more unified and organized Mutual trust and support increases Rules, roles, and goals are established Communication increases
Performing
Productivity is usually not instantaneous, thus productivity must wait until the group matures Many groups get sidetracked by the storming or norming phases More mature groups spend less time socializing, less time in conflict and need less guidance than less mature teams
Adjourning
Either planned or spontaneous Can be stressful for team members If dissolution is unplanned, the final group sessions may be filled with animosity and apathy
Positive Consequences of Group Cohesion
Cohesion tends to lead to: Increased member satisfaction
Decreased employee turnover and stress
The cohesion-performance relationship is bi-directional: success increases a groups cohesion and cohesive groups tend to outperform less cohesive groups The cohesion-performance relationship is strongest When members are committed to the group's tasks
Relationship between Group Cohesion, Norms and Productivity
Cohesiveness
Performance Norms
High High
High Productivity
Low
Medium Productivity
Low
Low Productivity
Medium to Low Productivity
Negative Consequences of Group Cohesion
Cohesive groups can intensify emotional and social processes. Such groups can:
Be more emotionally demanding (e.g, the old sergeant syndrome)
Exert more conformity pressure on members Suffer from groupthink Respond with more hostility
References
Community Health Education: Settings, Roles, and Skills, By Mark J. Minelli, Donald Breckon Group cohesion, trust and solidarity, By Shane R. Thye
http://www.mascsa.psu.edu/dave/Group-Cohesion-and-Team-Building.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_cohesiveness http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-group-cohesion.htm http://eprints.qut.edu.au/10695/1/10695.pdf http://sgr.sagepub.com/content/22/2/175.short?rss=1&ssource=mfc www.nishanw.org/groups.doc http://history.amedd.army.mil/booksdocs/wwii/combatphsych/section2_1.ht m
References
http://www.openlearningworld.com/books/Group%20Dynamics/Gro up%20Dynamics/Group%20Cohesiveness.html http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?CouplingAndCohesion http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_cohesion http://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/09155.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/cgibin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA296297 http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/SanketP-772882-groupcohesion/ http://www.powershow.com/view/9f0fdMDkzZ/Building_Leadership_and_Team_Cohesion_flash_ppt_presen tation http://www.businessballs.com/freeonlineresources.htm
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