Introduction to MIS
Chapter 7 Integration of Information
Copyright 1998 by Jerry Post
Introduction to MIS
Sales Terminals
sales data
1970s
Central computer: create reports
3 reports (printed)
Changes
Management Manager: Integrate, graph analyze
weekly reports
Sales Terminals
Sales Terminals
sales data
Secretary: type & revise Management
weekly reports
1980s
3 reports Central Manager: (printed) computer: Integrate, graph create reports analyze
Sales Terminals Sales Terminals
sales data
personal computer
1990s
query
Management Personal Computer Weekly reports & ad hoc queries (applications)
Sales Terminals
Introduction to MIS
DBMS: On-line data
data
Integration
Strategy
Tactics
Operations
data
data
data
data
data
Company
Introduction to MIS 4
Business Integration
Design feasibility & production costs Design & Engineering
Designs and Quality product planning Marketing Quality control & Custom orders Customers
planning & monitoring Vendors
Manufacturing
planning & monitoring
Distribution Purchasing Demand-pull Mass Customization Just-in-Time
Quick Response partnerships & joint development
partnerships & joint development
Administration & Management
HRM Accounting Finance
MIS
Introduction to MIS
Enterprise Resource Planning
Integrated systems Examples
International environment
SAP Peoplesoft Lawson J.D. Edwards Accounting Purchasing HRM Investment management
Basic features included
Multiple currencies Multiple languages Procedures and practices Follows local (national) rules Follows consolidation rules Example
U.S. firm with European subsidiaries. Data is entered once European reports are generated for subsidiaries following local rules Results are converted and consolidated to U.S. firm following international and U.S. rules
Introduction to MIS
Advantages of ERP
Eliminates costly, inflexible legacy systems Improved technology infrastructure Improved work processes Increased data access for decision making
Disadvantages of ERP
Expense & time Radical change Integrating with other systems One vendor risks
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Disadvantages of ERP
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Consulting HQ California
Workgroup Example
Client HQ Connecticut
3
Finance & Management Team
Cost Analysis Costs & Budgets Changes & Costs Message Design Supplier Proposals Contact Database Cost Design Supplier Message Analyses Proposals Contact Database Cost targets & comments Changes & Suggestions
Singapore Problems & Suggestions
Design Plans
Changes & Corrections Message
Design Team
Changes
Design Project origination
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GDSS
Group Decision Support Systems
Brainstorming Shared access Voting Record of comments Anonymity? Typing Facilitator Costs
Drawbacks
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GDSS Room
Group decision support systems can be used to coordinate meetings, record notes, take votes, and encourage participation. As shown in this system by Ventana corporation, each participant enters data in a PC, with summary results displayed on the central screen.
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Copy the objects to the document. Changes to the original do not affect the copies.
Static Integration
Original spreadsheet object Original graph object
Container Document Document
Static copy of spreadsheet object Static copy of graph object
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Objects are linked to the document. Document requests changes and updates copies as needed.
Dynamic Integration
Original spreadsheet object
request changes
Document Container Document
Dynamic display of spreadsheet copy
send data request changes
Original graph object
send data
Dynamic display of graph copy
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Dynamic Links
Advantages
Disadvantages
Data references are always up-to-date. Computer & document know the source of all components. Updates and changes are automatic, with less user training.
Moving a document forces links to be rebuilt or dropped. Cannot make radical changes to underlying components
Software upgrade problems. File deletions, moves and major alterations affect other (unknown) users.
Data changes can cause reformats that require finetuning of layouts.
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Sales
Network Links
Accounting Marketing
Integrated Data
Marketing Forecast Graph
Sales Table
Cost of Goods Sold Spreadsheet
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Integration over Networks
Share data Support links
Data Software availability File Server
Joint Authorship Transmit reports
Server Applications
Container Document Circulated Report Computer 1 Computer 2
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Request data Send data Fill spreadsheet Data changes Send new data (1) Query to
Spreadsheet link to DBMS
Spreadsheet
request data
DBMS
(2) Send data
(3) Fill spreadsheet
data
(4) Data changes
(5) Send new data
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Microsoft Pivot Table
Sum of SalePrice ModelTypeSaleState Hybrid Mountain Race Road Tour Track Grand Total
Quarter Quarter1 49,111.21 138,419.65 215,602.55 145,108.33 79,222.71 7,703.77 635,168.22
Month Quarter2 38,365.38 150,297.45 231,187.01 112,108.20 89,869.80 7,450.00 629,277.84
Quarter3 58,022.29 133,240.00 243,694.51 111,749.85 81,602.01 15,125.00 643,433.66
Quarter4 53,507.33 141,669.80 238,500.00 120,901.80 95,506.07 4,750.00 654,835.00
Grand Total 199,006.21 563,626.90 928,984.07 489,868.18 346,200.59 35,028.77 2,562,714.72
Data - Pivot table report. Select data using a database query (Rolling Thunder). Choose data for rows, columns and table computations (row: ModelType, SaleState; column: Month(SaleDate); Table: SalePrice. Create additional groups (Mark quarters, Data - Group and outline Group. Hide or show detail.
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Protected Changes
Tools - Protect the document. Save the file and allow others to make changes. Changes are automatically marked in color for each user. Tools - Unprotect the document. Tools - Track Changes - Accept or Reject Changes.
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Recorded (wave) comment
Annotation
Insert - Comment Insert - Object - Wave Make sure you and your colleagues have a sound card and microphone. Set up and test the multimedia tools. Know what you want to say and keep it short. Video can be used also but you need a camera, video capture card, and editing software.
Comment
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Problems with Sharing
Same software
Data conversion tools weak. Exact layouts require same versions. Hardware conversions not exact. Missing devices might cause crashes.
Same environment, fonts, devices, drivers
Need access and network paths. Transmission time. Concurrency
Tracking. Locking. Replication.
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