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Pipelines Installation

The document discusses pipeline design and installation. It covers topics such as calculating head loss during fluid flow, common pipe materials, wall thickness determination, and design pressures. It also describes onshore pipeline construction including right-of-way preparation, stringing, bending, welding, coating, and testing pipes. Offshore installation techniques like tow-in, S-lay, and J-lay are outlined as well.

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Noor Azreen
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391 views24 pages

Pipelines Installation

The document discusses pipeline design and installation. It covers topics such as calculating head loss during fluid flow, common pipe materials, wall thickness determination, and design pressures. It also describes onshore pipeline construction including right-of-way preparation, stringing, bending, welding, coating, and testing pipes. Offshore installation techniques like tow-in, S-lay, and J-lay are outlined as well.

Uploaded by

Noor Azreen
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PIPELINE

Muhammad kamil Muhammad najmi Noor azreen

SIZING

MATERIAL

PIPELINE DESIGN

WALL THICKNESS

DESIGN PRESSURE

PIPE SIZE
Calculate the head loss - When the fluid flow through the pipeline there is a resistance to the flow due to the friction force and the pressure is form cause the energy loss. Design flow rate Diameter of pipe is from 4 to 48 inches

Type of material common used are steel, ductile iron, reinforced concrete and fiberglass Mechanical resistance consideration

MATERIAL

Hoop stress Hoop stress must be less than the maximum allowable stress

WALL THICKNESS

Buried pressure pipe installation quite similar the design method for gravity pipe installations For internal pressure: Hydrostatic pressure and surge pressure For low pressure: - nominal diameter= 114-630mm - internal pressure= 545kpa or less High pressure: - nominal pressure= 21-710mm - internal pressure= 550-2170kpa

DESIGN PRESSURE

Cause by natural disaster, less maintenance or human error. To avoid this failure: - modern welded steel pipe with butt electric arc welded joints - Construct parallel pipelines in independent alignments

PIPELINE FAILURE

Balboa Neighborhood Burned by Exploding Gas Line in Northridge Earthquake (left); Fire ball that Burned the Neighborhood.

Crater Resulting from Williams 26inch Pipeline Explosion in Washington State,

Wrinkled Pipeline Failed in Compression

PIPELINES INSTALLATION
ON-shore Pipeline installation Offshore pipeline

On-Shore installation
Pre construction of pipelines
1) Acquisition/Requisition of Land
Acquisition- permanent use of land for pipeline activities Requisition- temporary use of land for pipeline activities

2) Submission of proposal
Acquire permission from government to access the land

On-Shore installation
Construction of pipelines 1) Cleaning the ROW(Rights Of Way)

ROW rights to make a way over a piece of land for pipeline construction. Heavy equipments are used to clean up the ROW

Bulldozer- to clean Excavator- used for the ROW trenching and pipe lifting

SideBoom- lift pipe during welding activities

On-Shore installation
2) Stringing the Pipeline
the process of sorting the pipeline in a ROW so that the
pipeline can be welded together

Lift Boom are used to lift the pipe for welding process.

On-Shore installation
3) Bending and Welding

Welding machine is used to join the pipe together 3 or more layer of welding maybe necessary depends on the pipe thickness Bending machine is used to slightly bend the pipelines especially when the pipes encounter changes in route and topography.

On-Shore installation

4) Coating the pipelines


Coating of pipe is mainly aimed to prevent any water and moisture from directly contact with the pipelines and cause corrosion to the pipes. Generally, pipeline are already coated before transferring to ROW.

On-Shore installation

5) Roads and railway crossing


It is not economical to deviate pathway of pipelines if the route encounter barrier such as the railway and roads. Thus engineer implies THRUST BORING METHOD where a hole is drilled underway without disurbing the roads

On-Shore installation

6) Set On Weight
Once the pipeline lies on the land, weight is installed over
the pipeline to provide a secure fit of the pipe.

In other saying, a concrete is poured onto the pipeline to

make it stable

On-Shore installation

7) Testing the Pipelines


Pig Test- To clean internal rust inside pipe and dry the internal surface of the pipe. Hydro test should be 1.5 times the design pressure of the pipes. - watch for any defects in the pipe.

Off-Shore Pipelines Installation

Construction of pipelines

1) Towing the pipelines.


Tow-in pipeline installation Basically, pipeline is suspended on water by using buoyancy modules, towed by boat and pipeline is settled on sea bed. there are 4 types of Tow-in installation. - Surface Tow - Mid- Depth Tow - Off- Bottom Tow - Bottom Tow

Off-Shore Pipelines Installation

S-Lay Pipeline Installation


Pipeline is welded, part off the boat as the boat moves forward and drawn down the water. Stringer is used to support the pipe as it moves into water.

Off-Shore Pipelines Installation

J-Lay Installation
This installation used tall tower instead of stringer to reduce tension or stress on the pipeline. Thus overcome problems with S-lay installation associated with the stress on the pipeline.

Off-Shore Pipelines Installation

2) Welding the Pipelines


The pipeline usually will be welded on the build-in welding station and crane on the Barge carrying the pipeline such as S-Lay and J-Lay Barge. The pipeline is passed through 3 or more welding station and X-ray to detect any defects on the pipeline

Off-Shore Pipelines Installation


4) Anchoring the pipeline
The pipeline that lies on the seabed will then be anchored and pile down to the seabed to fix the pipeline so that it will remains in places.

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