Overview of the ABAP Dictionary Srinivasulu Nettem
Overview of the ABAP Dictionary
Definition and functions of the ABAP Dictionary Basic objects of the ABAP Dictionary The Database Utility
July 13, 2013
What is a Data Dictionary?
Data Dictionary
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Functions of the ABAP Dictionary
Data Integrity
No Redundant Data Definitions
Data Dictionary
Integration with the ABAP Workbench
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Data Integrity
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No Redundant Data Definitions
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Integration with the ABAP Workbench
Data Dictionary
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Basic Objects of the ABAP Dictionary
Table A
Table B
Table C
Data Element 1
Data Element 2
Domain
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Database Utility
Database
Data Dictionary
Database Utility
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Data Modeling
What is data modeling? Entities, attributes, & entity types Data modeling vs. ABAP Dictionary terminology Relationships and relationship types Cardinality Optionality Category Data model hierarchies Linking a data model to dictionary objects
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What is Data Modeling?
Real World
Data Dictionary
Data Model
Data Dictionary
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Uses of a Data Model
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Basic Components of a Data Model
Customer
Entity
Attribute 30 S. 17th St. Order Entity Type
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Entity
Customer
Product
Order
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Attribute
Customer
30 S. 17th St.
J. Elkins
215-555-8000
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Entity Type
Customer
Product
Order
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Data Modeler/ ABAP Dictionary Terminology
Customer: Customer address: Customers: Data Modeler entity attribute entity type ABAP Dictionary record field table
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Relationships between Entities
Customer
Order
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Cardinality
One - to - Many
Many - to - Many
One - to - One
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Many-to-Many Relationships
Order Lines Order # Qty Part 1 1 # A26 1 3 C589 2 1 A26 Primary Keys: Order Number Product Number
Order
Primary Key: Order Number
Primary Key: Product Number July 13, 2013
Optionality
Customer
Order
Customer
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Referenced and Dependent Entity Types
Referenced Entity Type Dependent Entity Type
Customer
Customer ID Name Address ... ...
Referenced Dependent
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Order
Order ID Date of Order Customer ID
SAP Graphic Notation
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Example Using Graphic Notation
Customers
Orders
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Practice Using Graphic Notation I
Professors
Students
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Practice Using Graphic Notation II
Professors
Students
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Practice Using Graphic Notation III
Students
Enrolment Records
Courses
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SAP Graphic Notation with Text Notation
1 C
CN
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SAP Text Notation
n : m
1 C 1 C N CN
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Example Using Text Notation
Customers
Orders
CN
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Practice Using Text Notation I
Professors
Students
:
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Practice Using Text Notation II
Professors
Students
:
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Practice Using Text Notation III
Students
Enrolment Records
Courses
:
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Category
Hierarchical
Conditional-Referential
Referential
Aggregating
Specialisation
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Relationship Category: Hierarchical
Department
Key: Department Number
Course
Key: Department Number Course Number
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Relationship Category: Aggregating
Student
Key: Student ID Number
Enrollment Record
Key: Student ID Number Course Number
Course
Key: Course Number
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Relationship Category: Referential
Professor
Key: Professor Number
Department
Key: Department Number
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Relationship Category: Conditional-Referential
Professor
Key: Professor Number
Department
Key: Department Number
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Relationship Category: Specialisation
Customer
Key: ID Number
Business Customer
Key: ID Number
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Data Model Hierarchies and the SAP EDM
FI
General Accounting . . . Currency . . .
. . .
Chart of Accounts
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Linking a Data Model to ABAP Dictionary Objects
Data Dictionary
Data Model
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ABAP Dictionary Objects
Tables Data Elements Domains Using a Table in an ABAP Program
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Accessing the ABAP Dictionary
Data Dictionary
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Basic Objects of the ABAP Data Dictionary
Table A Table B Table C
Data Element 1
Data Element 2
Domain
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Tables
TABLE KNA1 (Customers)
Table: Table: KNA1 KNA1 MANDT KUNNR Name 1 ORT 02
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Create a Table
Maintain delivery class Enter a description (short text).
Maintain field attributes in Fields tab
Table maintenance attribute
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Two-Level Domain Concept
Data Element 1
Data Element 2
Domain
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Data Elements
Table A Table B
Data Element 1
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Pre-Defined Data Elements
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Data Element Documentation
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Create Data Element
Enter a description (short text).Enter domain name.
aintain field labels and column headers in the Field Label tab
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Domains
Table A
Data Elements
Domain
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Characteristics of Domains
Table A
Data Elements
Domain
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Allowed Values
Domain
Domain
January February March . . . . . . . December
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Value Table
Benefits of Using Allowed Values
valid values
invalid values
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Create a Domain
Enter a description (short text).
Enter data type and length.
Explicit Values, Intervals or a value table may be entered In the Value range tab
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Using a Table in Program Code
TABLES:YEMPLOY. SELECT * FROM YEMPLOY. WRITE:/ YEMPLOY_ID YEMPLOY_NAME YEMPLOY_SALARY ENDSELECT.
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Foreign Key Relationships
Definition & Uses of Foreign Keys Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships Key Terminology Cardinality and Foreign Key Field Types Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields
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Definition of Foreign Keys
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Uses of Foreign Keys
Maintain data integrity Provide help texts Create aggregate dictionary objects
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Prerequisites for Constructing Foreign Key Relationships
The foreign key field and the primary key of the check table must share the same domain. A value table must exist for that domain.
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Foreign Keys: Key Terminology
Value Table
Check Table
Foreign Key Table
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Foreign Key Terminology: Check Table = Value Table
Check Table
Valu e Tabl e
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Foreign Key Terminology: Check Table Value Table
Check Table
Valu e Tabl e
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Establishing a Foreign Key Relationship in the ABAP Dictionary
Data Dictionary
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Cardinality
n : m
1 C 1 C N CN
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Foreign Key Field Type
Check Table: Students Foreign Key Table: Course Enrolment
Course Enrolment
STUDENT_ID
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Foreign Key Type: Key Fields or Key Field Candidates
Faculty
Course
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Foreign Key Type: Key Fields of a Text Table
T005 (Country Codes) T005T (Country descriptions) (T002) (Language Codes)
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Foreign Key Type: Non-Key Field Candidates
Professor
Course
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Creating a Foreign Key Relationship
Foreign key push-button
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Maintaining a Foreign Key Relationships Attributes
Enter a description (short text). Check table (defaults to value table)
Maintain foreign key type
Maintain cardinality n : m
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Foreign Keys with Multiple Fields
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Field-By-Field Assignment
Foreign Key Table
Check Table
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Partial Foreign Keys
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Constant Foreign Keys
O I B
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Changing the Field Assignment
Generic foreign key Constant foreign key
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ABAP Dictionary Tables in Relational Databases
SAP Table Types Technical Settings Indexes
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SAP Table Types
Transparent Table (TRANSP) Pool Table
Structure (INTTAB)
Cluster Table
View
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Transparent Tables Type = TRANSP
Master Data
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Table Types TRANSP in the Database
PROFILE
DB
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Mapping a Table of Type INTTAB
PROFILE
DB
x
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Pool and Cluster Tables: Overview
Pool Table
Cluster Table
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Technical Settings
Data class
Size category
Master Transaction Organization & Customizing User Number of data records in DB storage Single records, generic, full, not buffered on or off
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Buffering
Log data changes
Data Class
Transaction data
Organization and Customizing data
Master data
User data
DB
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Size Categories
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Buffering Type
Single Record
KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6 KF1 KF2
Generic
KF3 F4 F5 F6
Full
KF1 KF2 KF3 F4 F5 F6
None
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Logging
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Maintaining Technical Settings
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Index
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Database Utility
AB Dict AP iona r y
DB
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Adding Structures
Substructures Customizing Includes Append Structures
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Including Structures in Tables
Customer Tables Substructures Table YCUSTAB .INCLUDE YSTRUC
SAP Tables Customizing Includes Table XYZ .INCLUDE CI_XXX
Append Structures Field 1 Field 2 ... Field n Table T .APPEND ZAT
SAP Tables
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Substructure
YS Table
YS-F1 YS-F2 YS-F3...
Field Data element YT1 S1 (TRANSP) S2 .INCLUDE YS F1
Table
Field Data element YT2 S1 (TRANSP) S2 .INCLUDE YS F1
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Customizing Include
CI_XXX-F2 CI_XXXCI_XXX CI_XXX-F1 F3 Table Table Field Field XYZ XYZ Data Data element element S1 S1 F1 F1 . .. .. . Fn Fn CI_XXX
.INCLUDE
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Append Structure
ZAT
ZAT-F1 ZAT-F2 ZAT-F3
Table
Field T
Data element S1 F1 ... Fn ZAT
.APPEND
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ABAP Repository Information System
The Repository Information System Object Searches (Find) Use of Objects in Objects (Where-Used) Searching for Objects Outside the Dictionary
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ABAP Repository Info System: Typical Queries
ABAP Dictionary
Find (Object Search) Find all objects of type A with attributes X, Y, Z.
Where-used lists Find all objects of type A that use object B
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ABAP Repository: Initial Screen
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Find: Selection Screen
Enter a single value for the search attributes or use the arrow push-buttons for selection options Use the All Selections pushbutton to limit search criteria on other object attributes
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Selection Options
Simplified Selection (single values)
Equal Pattern
Not equal Exclude pattern Greater than Less than
>Greater than or equal > < Less than or equal <
Toggle push-buttons Complex Selection (ranges)
[]
Inclusive
][
Exclusive
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Hit List Options: Standard Options
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Hit List Options: Application Toolbar
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Where-Used List: Selection Screen
List of all objects that object may be used in
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Relationship between Objects Where-Used and Sub-Objects Lists
Program
Table Data Elements Domains
Screen
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ABAP Repository Info System
Modeling
ABAP Dictionary
Programming
Environment
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ABAP Dictionary Changes
Activation Data Consistency and Conversion Version Management Miscellaneous Changes
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Activation
Data Object
ABAP Dictionary Activation Icon
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Mass Activation
Online
Background
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Table Activation
Screen Painter
ABAP Programs
? Consistency
? Checks
Log Entries
Updates
July 13, 2013
Database Utility
ABA Dict P iona r y
Online vs. Background
Log File DB
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Change Key of Value Table
Tables YANGIE1 YEMPLOY YZIPCODES Value Table
1 1 9 9 7 7 0 0 2 2
Domain YZIP
NUMC 10
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Versions
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Version Management
modified (revised) version
active version
temporary versions
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Version Management
Display
Compare
Retrieve stored version of object
REMOTE compare
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Locks on Dictionary Objects
ABA Dict P iona r y
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SPDD Transaction
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ABAP Dictionary Objects: Views
Definition Relational operations Types of views Using a view in program code
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What is a View?
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The Most Basic Form of a View
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The Relational Operations
Projection Table 1
Selection Table 2
Join Table 3 Table 4
View A
View C View B
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The Projection Operation
Projection Table 1
View A
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Specifying Projected Fields
Indicate actual name of table field that holds that data.
Can use any name if database view, otherwise must be same name as table field
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The Selection Operation
Selection Table 2
Example: Staff Level <= 3 View B
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Specifying Selection Criteria
Can include unprojected fields
5
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The Join Operation
Join Table 3 Table 4
View C
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The Necessity of the Join Operation
Employee ID Salary ID 5579 5579 5579 5579 Name Smith Smith Smith Smith Salary $10,000.00 $11,000.00 Wrong $12,000.00 $13,000.00
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Name Salary 1 Salary 2 Salary 3
Understanding the Join Operation
Employee ID Salary ID 5579 5579 5579 5579 Salary Date Effective 10/1/91 10/1/92 10/1/94 10/1/96
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Name
$10,000.00 $11,000.00 $12,000.00 $13,000.00
Right
The Join Operation and Foreign Keys
Primary
Table 3
Join
Secondary
Table 4
View C
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Specifying Joined Fields
Indicate base tables that data will come from.
Hit button to see related tables and automatically generate join conditions.
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Types of Views in the ABAP Dictionary
Database View Projection View Help View Maintenance View
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The Database View
Database View
DB
Database
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The Projection View
Projection View
View C
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Database vs. Projection Views
Projection View
Database View
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Other Types of Views
Help View Maintenance View
July 13, 2013
Using a View in Program Code
TABLES:
YXXEMP_V.
SELECT * FROM YXXEMP_V. WRITE: / YXXEMP_V-EMP_ID YXXEMP_V-LAST_NAME, YXXEMP_V-FIRST_NAME. ENDSELECT.
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Overview of Search Helps
Benefits of Search Helps Elementary Search Helps Collective Search Helps Search Help Exits
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The Benefits of Search Helps
What was Smiths vendor number, anyway?
F4
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Elementary vs. Collective
Collective Search Help
E l e m e n t a r y 1
Field H Field B Field K
E l e m e n t a r y 2
Field Z
Field O
E l e m e n t a r y 3
Field A
E l e m e n t a r y 4
Field R Field X Field B Field O Field Q
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Creating an Elementary Search Help
1 5 2 3 4
Create search help from Dictionary pushbutton on workbench, or from within Repository Browser.
July 13, 2013
Defining an Elementary Search Help
Interface Parameters
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Defining an Elementary Search Help - Interface Parameters
Parameter is display only Data element associated with parameter
rameters for values you ant to send and receive
Declaration of parameters as import and/or export
Position parameterPosition parameter will will be on hit list be on dialog box
Optional default for parameter
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Assigning an Elementary Search Help - Priority Levels
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Using Elementary Search Helps
F4
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Defining a Collective Search Help - Interface
Notice there is no selection method. A collective search help is a set of one or more elementary search helps.
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Defining a Collective Search Help Adding Elementary Search Helps
Dont forget to assign parameters for each elementary search help.
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Using a Collective Search Help
F4
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Search Help Exits
Function Module with ABAP code _________ ______ _______ ______ _____ _____
Search Help Processing
July 13, 2013
Online Help & Documentation
Documentation for Dictionary objects F1 help F4 help Data element documentation/ supplemental documentation
July 13, 2013
Online Help & Documentation
F4: Possible Input Values
F1: Field Help DE doc. DE supp. doc.
Other documentati on: Tables Structures Domains
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Data Element Documentation
Data Docu Element men tatio n
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Table THLPF
Progra m
Scree n
Table/fie ld
No entry necessar y
DE Supplement number
July 13, 2013
Create Documentation through F1 or Screen Painter
From Plain F1 From DE Doc. From DE Doc. or from DE Supp. Doc. if DE Supp. Doc. is maintained
July 13, 2013
Type Groups
ABAP Editor ABAP Editor PROGRAM 123. TYPE-POOL . . . PROGRAM ABC. TYPE-POOL . . . ABAP Editor PROGRAM XYZ. TYPE-POOL . . .
Data Docu Element m en tatio n
TYPE GROUP
ABAP Dictionary
July 13, 2013
Type Group - Use in Programs
ABAP Dictionary ABAP Editor
ABAP Program Run-Time Selection Screen
July 13, 2013
Review of The ABAP Dictionary
Basic Objects of the ABAP Dictionary
Table A
Table B
Table C
Data Element 1
Data Element 2
Domain
July 13, 2013
Two-Level Domain Concept
Data Element 1
Data Element 2
Domain
July 13, 2013
Domains
Table A
Data Elements
Domain
July 13, 2013
Data Elements
Table A
Table B
Data Element 1
July 13, 2013
Tables
TABLE KNA1 (Customers)
Table: KNA1 MANDT KUNNR Name 1 ORT 02
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Relationships Between Tables
Customer Table
Order
July 13, 2013
Cardinality
One - to - Many
One - to - One Many - to - Many
July 13, 2013
Many-to-Many Relationships
Order
Qty 1 3 1
Part # A26 C589 A27
Order Lines
July 13, 2013
Optionality
Customer
Order
Customer
July 13, 2013
Category
? Hierarchical Conditional-Referential
Referential
Aggregating
Specialisation
July 13, 2013
Referenced and Dependent Tables
Referenced Table Dependent Table
Customer Customer ID Name
Address
. . . Referenced
Order der ID Date of Order
Customer ID Dependent ...
July 13, 2013
Data Model Hierarchies and the SAP EDM
FI
General Accounting . . . Currency . . .
. . .
Chart of Accounts
July 13, 2013
SAP Graphic Notation
July 13, 2013
SAP Text Notation
n : m
1 C 1 C N CN
July 13, 2013
Uses of a Data Model
July 13, 2013
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