DATUMS

DATUM SYSTEM
Set of symbols and rules that communicates to the
drawing user how dimensional measurements are to be made.

BENEFITS OF DATUM SYSTEM -It aids in making repeatable dimensional

measurements. -It aids in communicating part functional relationships. -It aids in making the dimensional measurement as intended by the designer.

IMPLIED DATUMS

IMPLIED DATUM
Definition An implied datum is an assumed plane, axis or point from which a dimensional measurement is made.

IMPLIED DATUM(CONTD)

DEMERITS OF IMPLIED DATUM

They do not clearly communicate to the drawing user which surfaces should contact the inspection equipment. (Sequence) Each sequence would then produce different results for the part measurements.

CONSEQUENCES
-Good parts are rejected -Bad parts are accepted

DATUMS(PLANAR)
DATUM DATUM FEATURE DATUM FEATURE SIMULATOR SIMULATED DATUM DATUM FEATURE SYMBOL DATUM SELECTION

DATUM
A datum is a theoretically exact plane, point or axis from which a dimensional measurement is made. A Datum is the true geometric counter part of a datum feature A true geometric counter part is the theoretical perfect boundary or best fit tangent plane of a datum feature.

DATUM FEATURE
A datum feature is a part feature that exists on the part and contacts a datum.

SIMULATED DATUM
A simulated datum is the plane established by the inspection equipment.

DATUM FEATURE SIMULATOR

A datum feature simulator is the inspection equipment that includes the gage elements used to establish the simulated datum.

DATUM FEATURE SYMBOL

The symbol used to specify a datum feature on a drawing is called the datum feature symbol.

FOUR WAYS OF REPRESENTING PLANAR DATUMS

DATUM REFERENCE IN FEATURE CONTROL FRAME

The drawing must communicate when and how the datums should be used. This is typically done through the use of feature control frames.

DATUM REFERENCE IN FEATURE CONTROL FRAME

DATUM SELECTION
Datum features are selected on the basis of part function and assembly requirements. Datum features often orient (stabilize) and locate the part in its assembly.

DATUM SELECTION

DATUM REFRENCE FRAME

A datum reference frame is a set of three mutually perpendicular datum planes. The datum reference frame provides direction as well as an origin of dimensional measurements.

DATUM REFRENCE FRAME

DATUM REFRENCE FRAME(contd)

The planes of a datum reference frame have zero perpendicularity tolerance to each other by definition. The 90angle between datum planes are basic.

DATUM REFRENCE FRAME(contd)

Primary datum: This establishes the orientation of the part(stablise the part )to the datum reference frame. The part contacts the datum plane with at least three points of contact. The primary datum restricts three degree of freedom

DATUM REFRENCE FRAME(contd)

Secondary datum: This locates the part(restricts part movement) within the datum reference frame. Requires a minimum of two points of contact with the secondary datum. The Secondary datum restricts two additional degree of freedom

DATUM REFRENCE FRAME(contd)

Tertiary datum: This locates the part(restricts part movement) within the datum reference frame. Requires a minimum of one points of contact with the secondary datum. The tertiary datum restricts the last remaining degree of freedom

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Datums

THE 3-2-1 RULE

The 3-2-1 rule defines the minimum number of points of contact required. The 3-2-1 rule only applies on a part with all planar datums.

INCLINED DATUM FEATURES

An inclined datum feature is a datum feature that is at an angle other than 90, relative to the other datum features.

COPLANAR DATUM FEATURES

COPLANAR SURFACES. COPLANAR DATUM FEATURES.

-In this case, a datum feature symbol is attached to

a profile control.

-The profile control limits the flatness and

co planarity of the surfaces.

COPLANAR DATUM FEATURES(contd)

DATUM AXIS & DATUM CENTER PLANE

INTRODUCTION
Here Feature of Size is used as a datum features When a diameter is used as a datum feature, It results in a datum axis When a planar is used as a datum feature, it results in a datum center plane

Ways for representing an axis as datum

Datum identification symbol can be touching the surface of a diameter to specify axis as the datum

Ways for representing an axis as datum (Contd.)

Datum identification symbol can be touching the beginning of a leader line of FOS to specify an datum axis

Ways for representing an axis as datum (Contd.)

Datum identification symbol can be touching the feature control frame to specify an axis or centre plane as datum

Ways for representing a centre plane as datum

Datum identification symbol can be inline with dimension line to specify on axis or centre plane as datum

Ways for representing a centre plane

as datum (Contd.)
Datum identification symbol can replace one side of the dimension line and arrow head

Referencing FOS Datum Features

When using datum features on drawings, the material condition for establishing the datum axis or center plane must be communicated.

Referencing FOS Datum Features (contd)

The feature control frame indicates both the material condition (MMC, LMC, or RFS) and the datum sequence (primary, secondary, or tertiary).

Referencing FOS Datum Features (contd)

Whenever a FOS datum feature is referenced in a feature control frame, without showing any modifier, it is automatically referenced in the RFS condition.

Datum axis RFS Primary

Datum axis RFS Primary (contd)

When a FOS is used as a datum feature and referenced as a primary datum RFS Devices that are adjustable in size-such as a precision chuck, collets, or centering device are used as the datum feature simulator. The datum feature simulator holds the part securely on the datum feature.

Datum Center plane RFS Primary

Datum Center plane RFS Primary

(Contd)

When a FOS is used as a datum feature and referenced as a primary datum RFS, the following applies:
An adjustable gage element is needed to simulate the true geometric counterpart of a datum feature The part is oriented by the gage The part is held securely in the gage

Datum Axis RFS Secondary

Datum Axis RFS Secondary

(Contd)
When referencing the datums with the face primary and the diameter secondary (RFS) The part will have a minimum of three-point contact with the primary datum plane. The secondary datum feature simulator will be adjustable in size. The datum axis is perpendicular to the primary datum plane. A second and third datum plane will be associated with the datum axis.

Datum Axis RFS Secondary, Datum Center plane RFS Tertiary

Datum Axis RFS Secondary, Datum Center plane RFS Tertiary

(Contd)
When referencing the datums with the face primary, diameter secondary (RFS), and slot tertiary (RFS). The part will have a minimum of three points of contact with the primary datum plane. A datum axis perpendicular to the primary datum plane will exist. A datum center plane that will pass through the datum axis and be perpendicular to the primary datum plane will exist

Datum Axis from Coaxial Diameters, RFS Primary

Datum Axis from Coaxial Diameters, RFS Primary (Contd)

When coaxial diameters are used to establish a datum axis, they are called coaxial datum features The datum axis is simulated by contacting the high points of both datum features simultaneously. Coaxial diameters are often used when both datum features have an equal role in locating the part in its assembly. A single datum axis from two coaxial diameters is normally used as a primary datum.

FOS datum feature referenced at MMC

FOS datum feature referenced at MMC (Contd)

The gauging equipment that serves as the datum feature simulator is a fixed size The datum axis or center plane is the axis or center plane of the gage element The size of the true geometric counterpart of the datum feature is determined by the specified MMC limit of size or, in certain cases, its MMC virtual condition

FOS datum feature referenced at MMC (Contd)

Referencing a FOS datum at MMC has two effects on the part gaging : The gage is fixed in size The part may be loose (shift) in the gage

Datum shift

Datum shift (Contd)

Datum shift can result in an additional tolerance for geometric tolerance Datum shift is only permissible when an MMC modifier is shown in the datum portion of the feature control frame Datum shift results when the AME of the datum feature departs from MMC The amount of datum shift is equal to the amount the datum feature departs from MMC The maximum allowable datum shift is the difference between the gage size (for datum) and the LMC of the datum feature

Datum axis MMC primary

Datum axis MMC primary (Contd)

When diameter is designated as a datum feature and referenced in a feature control frame as primary at MMC A fixed-gage element may be used as the datum feature simulator The size of fixed-gage element is equal to the MMC (WBC) of the datum feature Depending upon the actual mating size of the datum feature, a datum shift may be available

Datum centre plane MMC primary

Datum centre plane MMC primary

(Contd)

When FOS datum feature is referenced at feature control frame as primary at MMC A fixed gauge element is used as datum feature simulator Size of fixed gauge element is equal to MMC (in certain cases worst-case boundary) of the datum feature The datum center plane is the center plane of the datum feature simulator Depending upon the actual mating size of the datum feature, a datum shift may be available

Datum axis MMC secondary

Datum axis MMC secondary (Contd)

When referencing the datums with the face primary and the diameter secondary (MMC), the following conditions apply The part will have a minimum of three-point contact with the primary datum plane The datum feature simulator will be a fixed size (WBC) The datum axis is the axis of the datum feature simulator Depending upon the datum feature actual mating size, a datum shift may be available

Datum axis secondary (MMC) , Datum centre plane tertiary (MMC)

Datum axis secondary (MMC) , Datum centre plane tertiary (MMC) (Contd)
When referencing the datums with the face primary, diameter secondary (MMC), and slot tertiary (MMC), the following conditions apply: The part will have a minimum of three points of contact with the primary datum plane The datum feature simulators will be fixed size gage elements. The datum axis is the axis of the datum feature simulator

Datum axis secondary (MMC) , Datum centre plane tertiary (MMC) (Contd)
The datum axis is perpendicular to the primary datum plane Depending upon the datum feature's actual mating size, a datum shift may be available. Second and third datum planes are to be associated with the datum axis The tertiary datum center plane is the center plane of the tertiary datum feature simulator

Datum sequence

Panel-A

Datum sequence (contd)

Panel A
An adjustable gauge is required. No datum shift is permissible on datum feature A The part is oriented in the gage by datum feature A Datum feature B will have a minimum of one point contact with its datum feature simulator The orientation of the holes will be relative to datum axis A

Panel B

Datum feature simulator for datum plane B

 Panel B
Datum feature B will have 3- point contact with its datum plane The part is oriented in the gauge by datum feature B The orientation of holes will be relative to datum plane B An adjustable gauge is required and no datum shift is permissible on datum feature A

Panel C

Virtual condition=10.2

Panel C
When simulating datum A, fixed gauge is allowed and the gauge allows datum shift Datum feature B will have 3-point contact with its datum plane The part is oriented in the gauge by datum feature B The orientation of the hole will be relative to datum plane B

DATUM TARGETS
Datum targets are symbols that describe the shape, size and location of gauge elements that used to establish datum planes or axes. Datum targets are shown on the part surfaces on a drawing, but they actually do not exist on a part. Datum targets can be specified to simulate a point, line or area contact on a part. The use of datum targets allows a stable and repeatable relationship for a part with its gauge. Datum targets should be specified on parts where it is not practical (or possible) to use an entire surface as a datum feature.

DATUM TARGETS SYMBOLS

A datum target application uses two of symbols: 1.A datum target identification symbol 2.Symbols that denote which type of gauge elements are to be used. The leader line from the symbol specifies whether the datum target exists on the surface shown or on the hidden surface side of the part. Three symbols used to denote the type of gauge element in a datum target application are the symbols for a target point, a target line, and a target area.

DATUM TARGETS SYMBOLS(contd.)

DATUM TARGETS SYMBOLS(contd.)

A datum target point is specified by an X shaped symbol, consisting of a pair of lines intersecting at 90. Basic dimensions should used be used to locate datum target points relative each other and the other datums on the part.

DATUM TARGETS SYMBOLS(contd.)

Datum target point

DATUM TARGETS SYMBOLS(contd.)

Datum target line

DATUM TARGETS SYMBOLS(contd.)

Datum target areas

DATUM TARGETS SYMBOLS(contd.)

DATUM TARGETS APPLICATIONS

Although there are only three datum target symbols, they can be used in a variety of ways and on a number of different types of parts. When using datum targets to establish a complete datum reference frame, three requirements should be met:
1.Basic dimensions should be used to define and locate the datum targets. 2.The datum reference frame must restrain the part in all six degree of freedom. 3.The part dimensioning must ensure that the part will rest in the gauge in only one orientation and location.

Creating a partial reference frame from offset surfaces(contd)

Creating a partial datum reference frame from irregular surfaces

For the figure, sketch the simulated datums for the datum target