Scribd
Upload
628 views47 pages

Panoramic Radiography Overview

Panoramic radiography produces a single image of both dental arches and their supporting structures using a rotating x-ray beam and moving film or sensor. It was developed in the 1930s-1950s and offers broad anatomic coverage with relatively low radiation dose. Advantages include convenience and ability to explain treatment plans, though it lacks fine detail and causes distortion. Proper patient positioning and technique are required to minimize magnification errors and produce diagnostic images.

Uploaded by

empormeni
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
628 views47 pages

Panoramic Radiography Overview

Panoramic radiography produces a single image of both dental arches and their supporting structures using a rotating x-ray beam and moving film or sensor. It was developed in the 1930s-1950s and offers broad anatomic coverage with relatively low radiation dose. Advantages include convenience and ability to explain treatment plans, though it lacks fine detail and causes distortion. Proper patient positioning and technique are required to minimize magnification errors and produce diagnostic images.

Uploaded by

empormeni
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Panoramic Radiography: Provides an overview of the course on radiology interpretation, focusing on panoramic radiography techniques and benefits.
  • Basics of Panoramic Radiography: Explains the fundamental principles and techniques of panoramic radiography, describing its structure and historical significance.
  • Techniques and Equipment: Details the technical setups for panoramic radiography including intraoral and extraoral sources along with different equipment.
  • Advantages and Disadvantages: Lists various pros and cons of using panoramic radiography in medical diagnostics.
  • Principles of Rotational Panoramic Radiography: Describes the principles underlying the rotational method in panoramic radiography, focusing on the mechanics of image capture.
  • Panoramic Cassettes and Screens: Covers the use of cassettes and screens in the process of capturing panoramic radiographs.
  • Focal Trough Concept: Explains the concept of the focal trough and its impact on the panoramic radiographic image quality.
  • Influence of Patient Positioning: Discusses the effect of patient positioning on image magnification and overall quality of the radiograph.
  • Ghost Images: Defines ghost images and their causes in the context of panoramic radiography.
  • Film and Cassette Handling: Discusses film and cassette handling errors that could affect the quality of panoramic radiographs.
  • Anatomy in Panoramic Radiography: Illustrates both hard and soft tissue positioning for effective radiographic examination.
  • Panoramic Radiographic Anatomy: Further explores anatomical features identifiable in panoramic radiographic images, emphasizing both hard and soft tissues.

Panoramic Radiography

Robert A. Cederberg, MA, DDS


Professor, Dept. of Restorative Dentistry & Biomaterials University of Texas HSC at Houston Dental Branch

Linear Tomography

Panoramic Radiography
Radiographic technique for producing a single image of both maxillary and mandibular arches and their supporting structures. Drs. Paatero and Numata were the first to describe the principles of panoramic radiography.

Historical Development
Panoramic radiographs can be made using two different methods: 1. Use of an intraoral source of radiation 2. Use of an extraoral source of radiation a. Film placement is intraoral b. Film placement is extraoral

Panoramic Radiography Intraoral Source of Radiation

Status-X, Siemens Co., Erlangen, Germany

Development of Extraoral Source of Radiation


Dr. Numata was the first to propose this method in 1933. He placed a curved film in the mouth lingual to the teeth and used a slit beam of radiation which rotated around the patients jaw to expose the film. The patient was stationary.

Parabolography Dr. Paatero

Dr. Paatero in 1946 demonstrated a similar method using a rotating chair.

Parabologram of maxillary teeth

Pantomography (Linear Tomography)


Dr. Blackman collaborated with Dr. Paatero using a pantomographic technique. Watson & Sons, Ltd. in collaboration with Dr. Blackman developed the first commercial model of the pantomograph known as the Rotograph.

Rotary Radiography

Watson & Sons, Ltd., Wembley, England

Rotograph

Development of Orthopantomographic Technique


Limitations of Rotary panoramic technique: rotation of patient and film in circular paths (jaws are not circular but elliptical), overlapping of teeth posteriorly and streak artifacts. Orthopantomograph uses 3 rotation centers producing an elliptical path of rotation. Paatero first prototype 1958.

Orthopantomograph

Panoramic Radiography Advantages:


Broad anatomic coverage Relatively low patient radiation dose Convenience and speed of the exam Easily tolerated by patients - Ex: patients who are unable to open their mouths Easy to explain treatment plans

Panoramic Radiography Disadvantages:


Does not resolve fine detail, consequently additional images (PA, BW) required Magnification Distortion and overlapping of teeth Objects located outside the image layer are distorted, obscured or not seen

Principles of Rotational Panoramic Radiography


Panoramic radiograph is unique in the foci of projection Focus of projection is not the same in the vertical and the horizontal plane Horizontal plane - center of rotation Vertical plane - x-ray source

Central projection:

Principles of Rotational Panoramic Radiography

X-ray source placed intraorally and curved film is placed extraorally, still a central projection, although magnified equally hor. & vert.

Principles of Rotational Panoramic Radiography

If you replace the stationary intraoral x-ray source with an extraoral rotating slit beam x-ray source, magnification will be equal in the rotation or horizontal plane but different in the x-ray source or vertical plane.

Principles of Rotational Panoramic Radiography

Principles of Rotational Panoramic Radiography

The combination of a rotating beam and a moving film changes the horizontal dimension of the recorded image, but the projection of the object remains the same, so that the proportions are restored in the resultant image.

Principles of Rotational Panoramic Radiography

Panoramic Cassettes

Screens

Panorex

Panelipse

Focal Trough

The three-dimensional curved zone or Image Layer in which structures are well defined.

Focal trough size affected by arc path, velocity of the film and x-ray tube, beam alignment, and collimator width.

Influence of Patient Positioning on Image Magnification

As the position of the object is moved within the focal trough the size and shape of the resultant image change.

Influence of Patient Positioning on Image Magnification


Correct Position

Forward Position

Backward Position

Correct Patient Positioning and Head Alignment


Occlusal plane 20 to 30 degrees below horizontal Tragus to outer canthus is parallel to the floor Back and spine erect and neck extended Groove of bite block is positioned inter-incisally and midline is centered Tongue placed in roof of the mouth

Correct Patient Position and Head Alignment

Improper Patient Positioning

Too Far Forward

Improper Patient Positioning

Positioned Too Far Back

Improper Patient Positioning

Chin Too Far Up

Improper Patient Positioning

Chin Tilted Down

Improper Patient Positioning


Slumped Correct

Patient placed in slumped position

Improper Patient Positioning

Rotated Position

Ghost Images

Superimposition of structures from the contralateral side to the side being viewed

Ghost Images

Improper Patient Positioning and Patient Preparation

Improper Patient Positioning and Patient Preparation

Improper Patient Positioning and Patient Preparation

Improper Film and/or Cassette Handling

Improper Film and/or Cassette Handling

Improper Exposure Techniques

hard palate
pterygomaxillary fissure hyoid bone maxillary sinus

tongue shadow
infraorbital canal infraorbital rim

Soft Palate & Uvula Inferior Alveolar Canal Articular Tubercle

Floor of Nasopharynx Cornoid Notch Angle of the Mandible

condyle coronoid process nasal septum lateral wall of nasal fossa

zygoma
zygomatic arch

Panoramic Radiographic Anatomy Hard Tissues

Panoramic Radiographic Anatomy Soft Tissues

Panoramic Radiography Robert A. Cederberg, MA, DDS Professor, Dept. of Restorative Dentistry & Biomaterials University
Linear Tomography
Panoramic Radiography Radiographic technique for producing a single image of both maxillary and mandibular arches and th
Historical Development Panoramic radiographs can be made using two different methods: 1. Use of an intraoral source of rad
Panoramic Radiography Intraoral Source of Radiation Status-X, Siemens Co., Erlangen, Germany
Development of Extraoral Source of Radiation Dr. Numata was the first to propose this method in 1933. He placed a curve
Parabolography Dr. Paatero Parabologram of maxillary teeth Dr. Paatero in 1946 demonstrated a similar method using a rot
Pantomography (Linear Tomography) Dr. Blackman collaborated with Dr. Paatero using a pantomographic technique. Watson
Rotary Radiography Rotograph Watson & Sons, Ltd., Wembley, England

You might also like