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Cell Structure Function

1) Cells are the basic unit of all living things, and they contain organelles that allow them to carry out life functions. 2) There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells that lack internal membranes and structures, and eukaryotic cells that contain organelles surrounded by membranes. 3) Key organelles in animal and plant cells include the nucleus that contains DNA, mitochondria that generate energy, and chloroplasts in plant cells that facilitate photosynthesis.

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704 views

Cell Structure Function

1) Cells are the basic unit of all living things, and they contain organelles that allow them to carry out life functions. 2) There are two main types of cells - prokaryotic cells that lack internal membranes and structures, and eukaryotic cells that contain organelles surrounded by membranes. 3) Key organelles in animal and plant cells include the nucleus that contains DNA, mitochondria that generate energy, and chloroplasts in plant cells that facilitate photosynthesis.

Uploaded by

veeramani
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Cell Structure & Function

http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/cell/cell.html

Cell Theory
All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division.

Definition of Cell

A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

Examples of Cells
Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem

Bacteria

Red Blood Cell

Nerve Cell

Two Types of Cells


Prokaryotic Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic
Do not have structures surrounded by membranes Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria
http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/prokaryotic_cells.html

Eukaryotic
Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms
Plant Animal

http://library.thinkquest.org/C004535/eukaryotic_cells.html

Typical Animal Cell

http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/images/cell.gif

Typical Plant Cell

http://waynesword.palomar.edu/images/plant3.gif

Cell Parts
Organelles

Surrounding the Cell

Cell Membrane
Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Double layer

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cell Wall
Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria Supports & protects cells

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Inside the Cell

Nucleus
Directs cell activities Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane Contains genetic material - DNA

Nuclear Membrane
Surrounds nucleus Made of two layers Openings allow material to enter and leave nucleus

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chromosomes
In nucleus Made of DNA Contain instructions for traits & characteristics

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Nucleolus
Inside nucleus Contains RNA to build proteins

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Cytoplasm
Gel-like mixture Surrounded by cell membrane Contains hereditary material

Endoplasmic Reticulum
Moves materials around in cell Smooth type: lacks ribosomes Rough type (pictured): ribosomes embedded in surface

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Ribosomes
Each cell contains thousands Make proteins Found on ribosomes & floating throughout the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Mitochondria
Produces energy through chemical reactions breaking down fats & carbohydrates Controls level of water and other materials in cell Recycles and decomposes proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Golgi Bodies
Protein 'packaging plant' Move materials within the cell Move materials out of the cell

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Lysosome
Digestive 'plant' for proteins, fats, and carbohydrates Transports undigested material to cell membrane for removal Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Vacuoles
Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal Contains water solution Help plants maintain shape

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

Chloroplast
Usually found in plant cells Contains green chlorophyll Where photosynthesis takes place

http://library.thinkquest.org/12413/structures.html

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