1
Unit I
Fundamentals of Grammar
Unit II
Introduction to Business Communication
Unit III
Business Letter Writing
Unit IV
Business Etiquettes and Public Speaking
2
The 8 building blocks of the English language
Nouns It is important to understand Pronouns that every word in a sentence Adjectives has a job to do, a role in the Verbs sentence. Adverbs Prepositions Conjunctions Interjections
4
Nouns
- Definition:
A word or word group that is used to name a person, place, thing, quality or an idea.
Person: Mr. Ram likes to eat spinach.
Place: Jaipur is an old town.
Thing: To cook you need a couple of pots.
Quality: Honesty is a great value to possess.
KINDS OF NOUN
The name of a particular person ,place or thing is a proper noun
a)Proper Noun:
Rahul was born on Monday
Ganga is a holy river of India
New Delhi
is capital of India
The name shared in common by everyone of the same class or group is a common noun.
b) Common
Noun:
Birds fly in air Trees grow everywhere Cows eat grass
Proper noun becomes common noun when the former is used in a descriptive manner to refer a class of people or things. Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India Jaipur is the Paris of India
The name given to a number of similar things regarded as one whole group or collection c) Collective Noun:
Indian Army won the battle
The Jury found the prisoner guilty
The Police dispersed the Crowd
d) Material Noun
The Word used for substance of which things are made is a material noun. This chair is made of plastic. Gold is Yellow.
e) Abstract Noun
The word used for action, state or quality is an abstract noun. Laughter is the best medicine. Honesty is the best policy.
Based on Number
Singular Noun The noun which signifies one person,place or thing is called singular noun. E.g.-King , Bus, Knife, Child Plural Noun The noun which signifies more than one person, place or thing is called Plural noun. e.g.-Kings, Buses, Knives, Children
Based on Gender
Masculine Gendere.g.-King , Uncle , Son Feminine Gender e.g.-Queen, aunt, daughter.
Pronoun: takes the place of a noun
Amit was studying for the mid-term exam when he
realized that it was three oclock in the morning. Types of pronouns: Personal Relative Possessive Interrogative Distributive Indefinite Reflexive Reciprocal
12
Personal Pronouns- - Represents Persons.
e.g .-
I am going We are going.
Relative -Joins Sentences and relates to noun or pronoun.
e.g-
Deepak is a customer whose account is still unpaid. He broke my pen which I brought yesterday.
Possessive Pronouns-. Those which denote possession.
e.g. Mine, ours, yours, theirs, etc.
Interrogative Pronouns.-Perform the function of asking
question. E.g.- Who broke this pen? Whose Fault is this?
13
Distributive Pronouns- - Represents each of the Persons or
things used in a sentence. e.g .- Each of you have got first division. None of them failed.
Indefinite Pronouns- - Do not represent a definite Person or thing.
e.g .- Some, Many, Somebody, Nobody.
Demonstrative Pronouns- - This indicate some noun.
e.g .- These, that, those.
14
Reciprocal Pronouns - These are made of two pronouns
and indicate interrelationship between them. e.g .- each other, one another
Reflexive Pronouns- These indicate influence on the subject. e.g .- myself,himself,hereself,yourself.
15
Adjective: A word which adds something to meaning of noun or pronoun
Radha is a beautiful girl.
The rainy day made us even sadder.
16
Types of Adjective
17
Verb: shows action or state of being
Action: He was running through the forest. State of being: He was sad that particular morning.
18
Adverb: describes a verb
The little girl walked happily through the park. The orphan hungrily ate the hot stew.
19
Conjunctions: words that join words, phrases or sentences
Manuel and Marisol loved to cook.
You will go to school, or you will fail. I am happy because I just received my check.
It has been cloudy since the morning.
Created by Jos J. Gonzalez, Jr. Spring 2002 STCC
20
Article: There are only three articles--the, a , an (Actually, articles are adjectives and not a different part of speech)
The bicycle was not only red but shiny.
A yellow moon always appears in October. An excellent student, Armando passed all his exams.
Created by Jos J. Gonzalez, Jr. Spring 2002 STCC
21
Preposition: A word or phrase that shows the relationship between the noun that it takes as an object and some other word in the sentence.
The cat was on the table.
The dog was under the table. These are some common prepositions: For on at With From
to up under above toward between in upon into
behind off
Created by Jos J. Gonzalez, Jr. Spring 2002 STCC
22
Interjections: expressive words
Wow, you knocked that ball out of the park.
Oh, you really need to take care of yourself. Huh, what did you say? Ah, now I understand the problem.
Created by Jos J. Gonzalez, Jr. Spring 2002 STCC
23
Identify each word in the following sentence
The beautiful queen was walking slowly on the
cool lawn, and she was reading a long book about knights and kings which she enjoyed.
Created by Jos J. Gonzalez, Jr. Spring 2002 STCC
24
The beautiful queen was walking slowly
article adjective noun verb verb adverb
on the cool lawn, and she was reading a
preposition article adjective article noun conjunction pronoun verb verb
long book about knights and kings which
adjective
noun
preposition
noun
conjunction
noun
preposition
she enjoyed.
Pronoun
verb
Created by Jos J. Gonzalez, Jr. Spring 2002 STCC
25
Assignment: Identify parts of speech
1. The queen knew that she would be the only pretty woman at the party. 2. The king did not know if he was going to make the cake, and he was afraid to tell the queen. 3. The thin waitress told the customers that they desperately needed to go on a diet. 4. I ran many miles every day, and I couldnt lose a pound. 5. This quiz was a piece of cake.
Created by Jos J. Gonzalez, Jr. Spring 2002 STCC 26
