Presentation on SPSS
Presented By
Group Leader
Fatima zahra
Members
Sehrish Zahoor Malik Waseem
Outline of SPSS
About the four-windows in SPSS
The basics of managing data files
The basic analysis in SPSS
Introduction: What is SPSS?
Originally it is an acronym of Statistical Package for the Social Science but now it stands for Statistical Product and Service Solutions One of the most popular statistical packages which can perform highly complex data manipulation and analysis with simple instructions
The Four Windows:
Data editor Output viewer Syntax editor Script window
The Four Windows: Data Editor
Data Editor Spreadsheet-like system for defining, entering, editing, and displaying data. Extension of the saved file will be sav.
The Four Windows: Output Viewer
Output Viewer Displays output and errors. Extension of the saved file will be spv.
The Four Windows: Syntax editor
Syntax Editor Text editor for syntax composition. Extension of the saved file will be sps.
The Four Windows: Script Window
Script Window Provides the opportunity to write full-blown programs, in a BASIC-like language. Text editor for syntax composition. Extension of the saved file will be sbs.
The basics of managing data files
Opening SPSS
Start All Programs SPSS Inc SPSS 16.0 SPSS 16.0
Opening SPSS
The default window will have the data editor There are two sheets in the window: 1. Data view 2. Variable view
Data View window
The Data View window This sheet is visible when you first open the Data Editor and this sheet contains the data Click on the tab labeled Variable View
Click
Variable View window
This sheet contains information about the data set that is stored with the dataset Name
o The first character of the variable name must be alphabetic o Variable names must be unique, and have to be less than 64 characters. o Spaces are NOT allowed.
Variable View window: Type
Type
o Click on the type box. The two basic types of variables that you will use are numeric and string. This column enables you to specify the type of variable.
Variable View window: Width
Width o Width allows you to determine the number of characters SPSS will allow to be entered for the variable
Variable View window: Decimals
Decimals
o Number of decimals o It has to be less than or equal to 16
3.14159265
Variable View window: Label
Label
o You can specify the details of the variable o You can write characters with spaces up to 256 characters
Variable View window: Values
Values
o This is used and to suggest which numbers represent which categories when the variable represents a category
Defining the value labels
Click the cell in the values column as shown below For the value, and the label, you can put up to 60 characters. After defining the values click add and then click OK.
Click
Practice 1
How would you put the following information into SPSS?
Name JAUNITA SALLY DONNA SABRINA JOHN MARK ERIC BRUCE Gender 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 Height 5.4 5.3 5.6 5.7 5.7 6 6.4 5.9
Value = 1 represents Male and Value = 2 represents Female
Practice 1 (Solution Sample)
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Saving the data
To save the data file you created simply click file and click save as. You can save the file in different forms by clicking Save as type.
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Sorting the data
Click Data and then click Sort Cases
Sorting the data (contd)
Double Click Name of the students. Then click ok.
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Practice 2
How would you sort the data by the Height of students in descending order? Answer
o Click data, sort cases, double click height of students, click descending, and finally click ok.
Transforming data
Click Transform and then click Compute Variable
Transforming data (contd)
Example: Adding a new variable named lnheight which is the natural log of height
o Type in lnheight in the Target Variable box. Then type in ln(height) in the Numeric Expression box. Click OK
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Transforming data (contd)
A new variable lnheight is added to the table
Practice 3
Create a new variable named sqrtheight which is the square root of height. Answer
The basic analysis
The basic analysis of SPSS that will be
introduced in this class
Frequencies
o This analysis produces frequency tables showing frequency counts and percentages of the values of individual variables.
Descriptive
o This analysis shows the maximum, minimum, mean, and standard deviation of the variables
Linear regression analysis
o Linear Regression estimates the coefficients of the linear equation
Opening the sample data
Open Employee data.sav from the SPSS o Go to File, Open, and Click Data
Opening the sample data
Go to Program Files, SPSSInc, SPSS16, and Samples folder. Open Employee Data.sav file
Frequencies
Click Analyze, Descriptive statistics, then click Frequencies
Frequencies
Click gender and put it into the variable box. Click Charts. Then click Bar charts and click Continue.
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Frequencies
Finally Click OK in the Frequencies box.
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Using the Syntax editor
Click Analyze, Descriptive statistics, then click Frequencies. Put Gender in the Variable(s) box.
Then click Charts, Bar charts, and click Continue.
Click Paste.
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Using the Syntax editor
Highlight the commands in the Syntax editor and then click the run icon. You can do the same thing by right clicking the highlighted area and then by clicking Run Current
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Right Click!
Practice 4
Do a frequency analysis on the variable minority Create pie charts for it
Do the same analysis using the syntax editor
Answer
Click
Descriptives
Click Analyze, Descriptive statistics, then click Descriptives Click Educational level and Beginning Salary, and put it into the variable box. Click Options
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Descriptives
The options allows you to analyze other descriptive statistics besides the mean and Std. Click variance and kurtosis Finally click Continue
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Descriptives
Finally Click OK in the Descriptives box. You will be able to see the result of the analysis.
Regression Analysis
Click Analyze, Regression, then click Linear from the main menu.
Regression Analysis
For example lets analyze the model salbegin 0 1edu Put Beginning Salary as Dependent and Educational Level as Independent.
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Click
Regression Analysis
Clicking OK gives the result
Plotting the regression line
Click Graphs, Legacy Dialogs, Interactive, and Scatterplot from the main menu.
Plotting the regression line
Drag Current Salary into the vertical axis box and Beginning Salary in the horizontal axis box. Click Fit bar. Make sure the Method is regression in the Fit box. Then click OK.
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Set this to Regression!
Find out whether or not the previous experience of workers has any affect on their beginning salary?
o Take the variable salbegin, and prevexp as dependent and independent variables respectively.
Practice 5
Plot the regression line for the above analysis using the scatter plot menu.
Answer
Click
Click on the fit tab to make sure the method is regression
My Dear Fellows
THANK YOU !
For Your Patience.
