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Group Communication

This document discusses group communication in distributed systems. It provides an overview of key topics like coordination challenges in distributed systems, the need for an efficient way to coordinate groups of processes, definitions of groups and group communication, examples of systems that use group communication, different communication methods, desired properties of group communication including reliability, ordering and dynamic membership, how multicast communication can provide these properties, and properties related to the group itself including naming and membership.

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Raman Kalra
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131 views19 pages

Group Communication

This document discusses group communication in distributed systems. It provides an overview of key topics like coordination challenges in distributed systems, the need for an efficient way to coordinate groups of processes, definitions of groups and group communication, examples of systems that use group communication, different communication methods, desired properties of group communication including reliability, ordering and dynamic membership, how multicast communication can provide these properties, and properties related to the group itself including naming and membership.

Uploaded by

Raman Kalra
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Group Communication

Overview
Introduction to group communication Desired group communication Multicast communication Group membership service

Coordination in distributed systems


Coordination is needed by distributed systems

but hard to achieve:


Events happen concurrently Communication links are not reliable Computers can crash

New nodes can join the systems


Asynchronous environments

Need of an efficient way to coordinate a group of processes

Group communication
What is a group?
A number of processes which cooperate to provide a

service. An abstract identity to name a collection of processes.


Group Communication
For coordination among processes of a group.

Who Needs Group Communication?


Highly available servers (client-server)

Database Replication
Multimedia Conferencing Online Games Cluster management

Distributed Web Server

High availability

Online Game

Fault-tolerance, Order

Different Comm. Methods


Unicast
Point-to-Point Communication
Multiple copies are sent.

Broadcast
One-to-All Communication Abuse of Network Bandwidth

Multicast
One-to-multiple Communication

Overview
Introduction to group communication Desired group communication Multicast communication Group membership service

Desired Group Communication


Name Abstraction Efficiency Delivery Guarantees Dynamic Membership

Multicast

Reliability, Ordering
Group membership service

Properties of Communication
Ordering
Total ordering, causal ordering

Failure behavior Reliability


Validity, integrity, agreement

Properties of Group
Name of group

Addresses of group members


Dynamic group membership

Options:
Peer group or client-server group Closed or Open Group

Peer Group
All the members are

equal. All the members send messages to the group. All the members receive all the messages.

Client-Server Group
Replicated servers.

Clients do not care

which server answers.

Overview
Introduction to group communication Desired group communication Multicast communication Group membership service

Multicast communication
Use network hardware support for broadcast or

multicast when it is available. Send message over a distribution tree. Minimize the time and bandwidth utilization

Reliability
Correct processes: those that never fail.
Integrity A correct process delivers a message at most once. Validity A message from a correct process will be delivered by the process eventually. Agreement A message delivered by a correct process will be delivered by all other correct processes in the group.

Ordering
Assumptions: a process belongs to at most one group.
p1

p2
p3

FIFO if mp mp, all correct processes that deliver mp will deliver mp (that is from the same sender) before mp. Causal if m m, all correct processes that deliver m will deliver m before m. Total if a correct process delivers m before m, all other correct processes that deliver m will deliver m before m.

p1 p2 p3

p1 p2 p3

Overview
Introduction to group communication Desired group communication Multicast communication

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