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Linq To Objects

LinQ

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47 views15 pages

Linq To Objects

LinQ

Uploaded by

hoang_1434
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LINQ via C# 3.

0
Chapter 4 LINQ to Objects

Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

LINQ to Objects
Using language integrated query operators with objects Customizing query operators for particular objects Examples, examples, examples

Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

LINQ to Objects
LINQ to Objects relies on the Enumerable class, which contains query operators as extension methods

Any IEnumerable<T> can be queried


Additional types can be queried if they implement the query pattern

Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

Query Pattern
If the type is not IEnumerable, there are two ways to make it queryable:
Add instance methods for query operators: Select<T>, Where, OrderBy, etc. Add extension methods in a separate class for query operators: Select<T>, Where, OrderBy, etc.

Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

Query Pattern: Select


class PayrollSystem { public IEnumerable<T> Select<T>( Func<Employee,T> selector) { return employees.Select(selector); } internal List<Employee> employees = ...; //More implementation omitted }
PayrollSystem payroll = ...; var names = from employee in payroll select employee.Name;
Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

Query Pattern: Select Extension


Alternatively, an extension method can be used:
class PayrollSystem { internal List<Employee> employees = ...; //More implementation omitted } static class PayrollExtensions { public static IEnumerable<T> Select<T>( this PayrollSystem payroll, Func<Employee,T> selector) { return payroll.employees.Select(selector); } } PayrollSystem payroll = ...; var names = from employee in payroll select employee.Name; Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak

51202 Israel

Query Pattern: Where


class PayrollSystem { public IEnumerable<Employee> Where( Func<Employee,bool> filter) { return employees.Where(filter); } internal List<Employee> employees = ...; //Select<T> omitted } PayrollSystem payroll = ...; var names = from employee in payroll where employee.Salary > 220 select employee.Name;
Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

Feature Notes
The query pattern implementation can also be used to customize query behavior
For example, specify additional filters for the Where query operator (even if the object is IEnumerable) static class PayrollExtensions { public static IEnumerable<Employee> Where( this PayrollSystem payroll, Func<Employee,bool> filter) { return payroll.employees.Where( e => e.City==London && filter(e)); } }
Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

LINQ to Objects Applicability


Any object model is a potential data source for LINQ queries
The requirements are not strict either IEnumerable or the query pattern

Make your object models LINQ-friendly!

Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

LINQ to Strings
string s = Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); string digitsOnly = new string((from c in s where Char.IsDigit(c) select c) .ToArray()); Console.WriteLine(s + \n + digitsOnly); //Output: 8faf837d-f0a6-4e69-8ac5-23635452f6f9 883706469852363545269

Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

LINQ to Reflection
//Find all collection-initializable types //(Rough sketch) var queryableTypes = from asm in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAssemblies() from t in asm.GetExportedTypes() where t.GetInterfaces().Any(itf => itf.IsGenericType && ((itf.IsGenericTypeDefinition && itf == typeof(ICollection<>)) || (!itf.IsGenericTypeDefinition && itf.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == typeof(ICollection<>))) ) || typeof(IEnumerable).IsAssignableFrom(t) && t.GetMethods().Any(m => m.Name == "Add") select t;
Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

LINQ to File System


//Find all large DLLs in System32 var largeDllFiles = from file in Directory.GetFiles( Environment.GetFolderPath( Environment.SpecialFolder.System)) let info = new FileInfo(file) where info.Extension == ".dll" && info.Length > 5000000 select info.FullName;

Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

LINQ to WCF Contracts


var operations = from operation in ContractDescription.GetContract( typeof(IService)).Operations where !operation.IsOneWay where operation.Faults.Any( f => f.DetailType == typeof(string)) select new { operation.DeclaringContract.Namespace, operation.SyncMethod.Name };

Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

LINQ to Objects Performance


1. Dont turn every for and foreach loop into a LINQ query 2. yield return is often slower than hand-rolled enumerators or for loops 3. Invoking lambdas is often more expensive than an inline loop body 4. Measure to ensure sane results and sane number of calls (run-time complexity)

Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

Chapter Summary
Using language integrated query operators with objects Implementing the query pattern for nonIEnumerable objects Customizing the query behavior for specific objects

Copyright SELA Software & Education Labs Ltd. 14-18 Baruch Hirsch St. Bnei Brak 51202 Israel

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