Episode :
EARTH ALKALINE
Ceniaa
Ineezz Hunii Amii
General Introduction
s t h a t l ies in
p o f m etal
m a gro u e E a r th
Hello, I a d s c al l m
M y f rie n ll iu m,
II A . B e r y
group c o n s ist of
li n e . I am S t r o n ti um,
Alk a a lcium ,
i u m , C
Magnes dium. p e o p le to
Ra me
Barium, is difficult for so ved me. So,
It
e t a ls invol
e r w h a tm d g e s y stem
i
rememb ated donkey br
re
people c emorizing : n g S eret
ly m a c i
for easi k M a n g an C
Bebe
R a s a n e r e n a S e ring
Banget o M o g ok Ca
Bem
u - ra g u S a r u B anget
g e
Bayar Ra ty Megang Cab
Be
Raisin
I am so famous
• Paparazzi : Hello, why people calling you
earth alkaline metal???
• Me : Xie xie, Firstly, I am called metal
because I have some metal characteristics
such glossy or shiny solid type. I also have
good capability in transferring heat and
electricity
I am so famous
• Paparazzi : Then, what do you mean by
alkaline?
• Me : Another Xie xie. I am alkaline
because I have alkaline characters when I
react with my acid and base friends.
I am so famous
• Paparazzi : Okeeh, can you explain the
“earth” terms??
• Me : The terms “earth” is used by the
chemical experts because of some reasons.
My oxidize is hard to be solute in water,
beside I am easy to be found on the earth
crust’s rocks
Name by Name
• Beryllium comes from Greece “beryllos” means
mineral
• Magnesium comes from “Magnesia”, town in Greece
• Calcium comes from Latin “calx/calcis” means lime
• Strontium comes from word “Strontian”, town in
Scotland
• Barium comes from Greece “barys” means heavy /
solid
• Radium comes from Latin “radius” means light / ray
Where do you can find me???
Unsure Earth Crust Percentage Naturally
Beryllium - Beryl mineral and crysoberyl
Magnesium 7th mostly found (1.9 %) MgCl2 compound in the water sea
Calcium 5th mostly found (3.4 %) Carbonate, phosphate, sulphate compound
Strontium 0.03 % Selestite and strontianite mineral
Barium 0.04 % Baritine and Witerite mineral
Radium 0.33 ppm Pitchlende (Uranium ore)
Beryllium Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Radium
Barium
Beryllium
Symbol: Be
Atomic Number: 4
Atomic Mass: 9.012182
Melting Point: 1278.0 °C Number of Energy Levels: 2
First Energy Level: 2
Boiling Point: 2970.0 °C
Second Energy Level: 2
Number of Protons/Electrons: 4
Number of Neutrons: 5
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 1.8477 g/cm3
Color: gray
Date of Discovery: 1798
Discoverer: Fredrich Wohler
Beryllium
Magnesium
Symbol: Mg
Atomic Number: 12
Atomic Mass: 24.305
Melting Point: 650.0 °C Number of Energy Levels: 3
Boiling Point: 1107.0 °C First Energy Level: 2
Second Energy Level: 8
Number of Protons/Electrons: 12
Third Energy Level: 2
Number of Neutrons: 12
Crystal Structure: Hexagonal
Density @ 293 K: 1.738 g/cm3
Color: grayish
Date of Discovery: 1808
Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
Magnesium
Calcium
Symbol: Ca
Atomic Number: 20
Atomic Mass: 40.078
Melting Point: 839.0 °C Number of Energy Levels: 4
Boiling Point: 1484.0 °C First Energy Level: 2
Number of Protons/Electrons: 20 Second Energy Level: 8
Third Energy Level: 8
Number of Neutrons: 20
Fourth Energy Level: 2
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 1.55 g/cm3
Color: Silvery
Date of Discovery: 1808
Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy
Calcium
Strontium
Symbol: Sr
Atomic Number: 38
Atomic Mass: 87.62
Melting Point: 769.0 °C
Boiling Point: 1384.0 °C
Number of Protons/Electrons: 38
Number of Neutrons: 50 Number of Energy Levels: 5
First Energy Level: 2
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Second Energy Level: 8
Density @ 293 K: 2.54 g/cm3 Third Energy Level: 18
Color: yellowish Fourth Energy Level: 8
Date of Discovery: 1790 Fifth Energy Level: 2
Discoverer: A. Crawford
Strontium
Barium
Symbol: Ba
Atomic Number: 56
Atomic Mass: 137.327
Melting Point: 725.0 °C
Boiling Point: 1140.0 °C
Number of Protons/Electrons: 56
Number of Neutrons: 81 Number of Energy Levels: 6
Crystal Structure: Cubic First Energy Level: 2
Density @ 293 K: 3.51 g/cm3 Second Energy Level: 8
Third Energy Level: 18
Color: Silver
Fourth Energy Level: 18
Date of Discovery: 1808 Fifth Energy Level: 8
Discoverer: Sir Humphrey Davy Sixth Energy Level: 2
Barium
Radium
Symbol: Ra
Atomic Number: 88
Atomic Mass: (226.0)
Melting Point: 700.0 °C
Boiling Point: 1737.0 °C
Number of Protons/Electrons: 88
Number of Neutrons: 138 Number of Energy Levels: 7
Crystal Structure: Cubic First Energy Level: 2
Density @ 293 K: 5.0 g/cm3 Second Energy Level: 8
Third Energy Level: 18
Color: silverish
Fourth Energy Level: 32
Date of Discovery: 1898 Fifth Energy Level: 18
Sixth Energy Level: 8
Discoverer: Pierre and Marie Curie Seventh Energy Level: 2
Radium
My Physical Characteristics
What’s increasing &
What’s decreasing
Atomic Characteristics
Generally &
Physically
My Physical Characteristics
In the room temperature, earth alkaline
metals are in solid type. Mostly are white
metallic colored, but quickly turn in to dark
when contact with air and water.
My Physical Characteristics
Alkaline earth metal’s atomic characteristics
Element Metal’s Ionic radius 1st Ionisation 2nd Ionisation Electronegati Oxidation
radius(pm) (pm) energy energy vity number
(kJ/mol) kJ/mol)
Berilium 110 27 900 1757 1.5 +2
Magnesium 160 72 738 1451 1.2 +2
Calsium 200 100 590 1145 1.0 +2
Stronsium 220 113 550 1064 1.0 +2
Barium 220 136 503 965 0.7 +2
Radium - 162 509 978 0.9 +2
My Physical Characteristics
• Increasing atomic radius from Beryllium to
Barium
• Decreasing ionization energy from Beryllium
to Radium
• Decreasing electro negativity from Beryllium
to Radium
• Maximum oxidation number equal with +2
My Physical Characteristics
Alkaline earth metal’s physical characteristics
Element Density Hardness Melting Boiling Hfus Hv (kJ/mol) Heat Electrocond
(kg/m3) (Mohs) point (ºC) point (ºC) (kJ/mol) conductivity uctivity
Be 1850 5.5 1278 2970 12.2 292 2 0.313
Mg 1740 2.5 649 1107 8.95 127 1.56 0.226
Ca 1540 1.75 839 1484 8.54 154 2.0 0.298
Sr 2620 1.5 769 1384 8.30 144 0.353 0.076
Ba 3510 1.25 725 1643 7.75 142 0.184 0.030
Ra 5000 - 700 1140 - - 0.186 -
My Physical Characteristics
• The increasing of density from Be to Ra.
• The decreasing of hardness from Be to Ra.
• The decreasing of melting point and Hfus from
Be to Ra.
• The decreasing of boiling point and Hv from Be
to Ra.
• The decreasing of electroconductivity and
heatconductivity from Be to Ra.
My Chemical
Characteristics
Elements Electron Configurasi
Berilium [He] 2s2
Magnesium [Ne] 3s2
Kalsium [Ar] 4s2
Stronsium [Kr] 5s2
Barium [Xe] 6s2
Radium [Rn] 7s2
• Every atomic of alkali earth metal has 2
electron valence on sub skin s (the outest)
• Alkali earth metal are reactive if the value of
ionization is low
• Reactivity of alkali earth metal increase from
Be to Ra
Compound Solubility
• The compound of alkali earth metal has small
solubility. It is caused by the bigger charge of
ion, and also the ionic bound
• The example of alkali earth metal that easy to
solute are Nitrate (NO3) and Chloride (Cl-)
I like to make a relationship with….
• My reaction with water
• My reaction with oxygen
• My reaction with nitrogen
• My reaction with halogen
• My reaction with hydrogen
Me & Water
• Formula
M + 2H2O M(OH)2 + H2
Resulting hydroxide compound
Ca + 2H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2
Mg + 2H2O Mg(OH)2 + H2
Me & O2
• Formula :
2M + O2 2MO
M + O2 MO2
Resulting oxide and superoxide compound
2Be + O2 2BeO
Ra + O2 RaO2
Me & Nitrogen
• Formula :
3M + N2 M3N2
Resulting Nitride compound
3Mg + N2 Mg3N2
3Ba + N2 Ba3N2
Me & Halogen
• Formula :
M + X2 MX2
Resulting halide compound
Be + Cl2 BeCl2
Ca + F2 CaF2
Me & Hydrogen
• Formula :
M + H2 MH2
Resulting Hydride compound
Mg + H2 MgH2
Extraction process of Earth Alkaline
Reduction Method Electrolysis Method
– Reduction BeF2 by Mg – Electrolysis of BeCl2 molten
BeF2 + Mg MgF2 + Be
Cathode : Be2+ + 2e Be
– Reduction CaO by Al Anode : 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
6CaO + 2Al 3Ca + Ca3Al2O6
Application of Earth Alkaline
Metal
Beryllium
• When it combines with other metal, it will
create stronger but lighter metal combination
• 17 times better than aluminum for transmitting
X ray
• Fire flameless designed
Magnesium
• Neutralizes the mouth acid and preventing
from damaging teeth
• Neutralizes the stomach acid
• Giving the bright white beam in Fireworks
• Layering the firebox
Calcium
• Most important unsure for teeth and bones.
Calcium was mostly found in the milk
Strontium
• Tube glass production for the colored TV and
computer
Barium
• Giving the bright green color in fireworks
• Examining the digestion system in our body
Radium
• Radium is used to produce “bright in the dark”
paint
• Cancer therapy in medical science
HARD WATER
• The Meaning Of Hard Water
• The Kinds Of Hard Water
• The Advantages Of Hard Water
• The Disadvantages Of Hard
• The Way To Disappear The Hardness
Water
HARD WATER
>>> Water that
contains many
calsium ion (Ca2+)
and magnesium ion
(Mg2+), and also
anion like Cl-, SO42-,
HCO3- .
The Kinds Of Hard
Water
Hard Water
Temporary Hardness Permanent Hardness
The hardness that not lose
The hardness that lose
with the heating of water.
because the heating.
It’s caused by calsium salt
It’s caused by hydrogen
and magnesium salt,like
carbonat salts, like
calsium sulfate (CaSO4) and
Ca(HCO3)2 and Mg(HCO3)2
magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)
The Advantages Of Hard
Water
The Advantages
Provide calsium that need by the body,
for the example to form bone and tooth
Have the vlafor that more delicious
than soft water
Timbel compound (from water pipe) is
harder to solute in hard water. Timbel
is toxin for body
The Disadvantages Of Hard
Water
The Disadvantages
Wastefull uses of soap
Scum can leave the stain in
the clothes
Form the corral on kettle and
water pipe / radiator pipe
The Way to Clear The Hardness
METHOD EXPLANATION
Distilation It’s relative expensive
Boiling Can disappear temporaray hardness. At high temperature,
Ca(HCO3)2 will loose in order to ion Ca2+ will precipitate as
CaCO3
Add natrium Washing Soda (Na2CO3.10H2O) that added to hard water
carbonate or that contain of Ca(HCO3)2 can precipitate ion Ca2+ became
washing soda CaCO3
Use soft Natrium Heksametafosfat / Na2[Na4(PO3)6] can use to
water change ion Ca2+ and Mg2+ become complecs ion that easy to
solute in order to can’t join with stearat ion from the soap
substance
Use resin The function is to tie all of anion and cation in hard water.
changer ion There are 2 kinds of resin :
>Cation Resin Changer : contain negative group that tie H +
ion
>Anion Resin Changer : contain positive group that tie OH +
ion
Uwis ah
Sing meh takon
Kesel jee ngadeg !!!
