Power Transmission and Distribution

Differential Protection 7UT6

Applications / Engineering
General Applications (1 of 2)
Two winding transformer Three winding transformer 1 ½ C.B. application with
1 or 3 phases 1 or 3 phases two winding transformer

7UT613
7UT633

7UT612 7UT613
7UM62 7UT633

1 ½ C.B. application on
Short lines Short lines HV and LV side with
(2 ends) (3 ends) two winding transformer

7UT635

7UT612 7UT613
7UT633

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 2

General Applications (2 of 2)
Generator/Motor longitudinal or High-impedance
transversal differential protection Restricted Earth Fault Protection
G/
M
3~

7UT612
7UM62 7UT6xx

IEE input
Unit Protection of the unit
(Overall Differential)

Y
7UT635
∆

G
3~

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 3

Application: 3-winding transformer YNd5d11 (1 of 4)
IL1M1/I1

M1 IL2M1/I2
M2
400/1A IL3M1/I3

M1 IL1M2/I4
400/1A M3 400/1A
M2 IL2M2/I5

IL3M2/I6

IL1M3/I7
M3 IL2M3/I8

M5 IL3M3/I9
Side 1
3500/1A
200/1A IL1M4/I10
M4 IL2M4/I11

Side 3 IL3M4/I12

Side 2 IL1M5/Ix1
M5 IL2M5/Ix2
M4
IL3M5/Ix3
8000/1A

Ix4
7UT635

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 4

 Application: 3-winding transformer YNd5d11 (2 of 4)
-Device Configuration and Power System Data 1
7UT635

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 5

 Application: 3-winding transformer YNd5d11 (3 of 4)
-continue Power System Data 1
7UT635

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 6

 Application: 3-winding transformer YNd5d11 (4 of 4)
-continue Power System Data 1
7UT635

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 7

Application: Autotransformer with ∆ Winding (1 of 2)
M1 Side 1 Side 3 M3
M2 Side 2

IL1M2 IL1M3

IL2M2 IL2M3

IL3M2 IL3M3

IL1M1

IL2M1

IL3M1

7UT613

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 8

 Application: Autotransformer with ∆ Winding (2 of 2)
- Power System Data 1
7UT613

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 9

Application: Autotransformer (bank) with (1 of 2)
3 Ct’s at the star point side available
M1 M3
M2 Only compensation winding,
no external connection!

Increased sensitivity for

phase to phase- and
phase to ground faults
towards the star point!

7UT613
PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 10
Application: Autotransformer (bank) with (2 of 2)
3 Ct’s at the neutral side
7UT613

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 11

 Application: Single-phase bus bar (1/2)
- Phase selective configuration (1 7UT6 for 1 phase)
7UT612:
7 current-
inputs

7UT613/633:
9 current-
inputs

7UT635:
12 current-
inputs

7UT612

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 12

 Application: Single-phase bus bar (2/2)
- Phase selective configuration (1 7UT6 for 1 phase)
7UT612

2 more Relays
for Phase 2 and 3
are necessary

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 13

 Application: Single-phase bus bar (1 of 2)
- configuration with Summation Ct’s
7UT612:
7 current-
inputs 0.1A

7UT613/633:
6 current-
inputs 0.1A

7UT635:
12 current
inputs 0.1A

*) Summation CT
4AM5120-3DA00-0AN2: 1/0.1A
4AM5120-4DA00-0AN2: 5/0.1A

7UT612

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 14

 Application: Single-phase bus bar (2 of 2)
- configuration with Summation Ct’s
7UT612

Not important
in this case

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 15

Terminology of a topology (Example 1)
Device Configuration
0105 Protected Object 3 phase Transformer
0112 Differential Protection Enabled
M1 0113 REF Protection Enabled
0120 DMT/IDMT Phase Definite Time only
S1
0124 DMT/IDMT Earth Definite Time only
Main
Y X1 0127 DMT 1Phase Enabled
protect. Power System Data 1
object ∆ ∆ X4 CT-Numbers
7UT635 0211 No. of connected Meas. Loc. 4
S2 S3 0212 No. of assigned Meas. Loc. 3
0213 No. of sides 3
M3 CT-Assign
M2 0222 Assignment at 3 assig.
Meas.Loc./3 sides S1:M1, S2:M2, S3:M3
0251 Auxiliary CT IX1 is used as Side 1 earth
M4
0252 Auxiliary CT IX2 is used as Measurement location 4 earth
Further 0253 Auxiliary CT IX3 is used as not connected
protected object 0254 Auxiliary CT IX4 is used as connected/not assigned
0255 Type of auxiliary CT IX3 1A/5A current input
X2 0256 Type of auxiliary CT IX4 sensitive current input
Sides: Funct.
S1 High voltage side (HV) 0413 REF assigned to not assigned measuring loc. 4
S2 Low voltage side (LV) 0420 DMT/IDMT Phase assigned to Measuring Location 4
S3 Low voltage side (LV) 0424 DMT/IDMT Earth assigned to Auxiliary CT IX1
0427 DMT Phase assigned to Auxiliary CT IX4
Measuring locations 3-phase , assigned
M1 assigned to the main protected object (side 1)
M2 assigned to the main protected object (side 2)
M3 assigned to the main protected object (side 3)
Measuring locations 3-phase , non-assigned
M4 not assigned to the main protected object
Auxiliary measuring locations 1-phase
X1 assigned to the main protected object (side 1)
X2 not assigned to the main protected object
X4 not assigned to the main protected object
PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 16
Terminology of a topology (Example 2)
Device Configuration
0105 Protected Object 3 phase Transformer
0112 Differential Protection Enabled
M1 0113 REF Protection Enabled
S1 0120 DMT/IDMT Phase Definite Time only
0127 DMT 1Phase Enabled
X1
Power System Data 1
Main
Y
protect. CT-Numbers
object
∆ X3 0211 No. of connected Meas. Loc. 2
7UT613 0212 No. of assigned Meas. Loc. 2
S2 0213 No. of sides 2
CT-Assign
0222 Assignment at 2 assig.
M2 Meas.Loc./2 sides S1:M1, S2:M2
0251 Auxiliary CT IX1 is used as Side 1 earth
Starpoint- 0252 Auxiliary CT IX2 is used as Side 2 earth
bilder 0253 Auxiliary CT IX3 is used as connected/not assigned
0255 Type of auxiliary CT IX3 sensitive current input
X2 Transf.
….
0313 Starpoint of Side 1 is Solid Earthed
0314 Transf. Winding Connection Side 1 Y (Wye)
….
Sides:
0323 Starpoint of Side 2 is Solid Earthed (!!)
S1 High voltage side (HV)
0324 Transf. Winding Connection Side 2 D (Delta)
S2 Low voltage side (LV)
0325 Vector Group Numeral of Side 2 11
Measuring locations 3-phase , assigned Funct.
M1 assigned to the main protected object (side 1) 0413 REF assigned to Side 2
M2 assigned to the main protected object (side 2) 0420 DMT/IDMT Phase assigned to Side 1
Auxiliary measuring locations 1-phase 0427 DMT Phase assigned to Auxiliary CT IX3
X1 assigned to the main protected object (side 1) Setting Group A
X2 assigned to the main protected object (side 2)
X3 not assigned to the main protected object Differential Protection-Settings Group A
1211A Diff-Prot. with meas. Earth Curr. S1 Yes (Io- correction Side 1)
1212A Diff-Prot. with meas. Earth Curr. S2 No

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 17

Application: Transformer Data Base

RS485 interface

7XV5662-(x)AD10 7XV5662-(x)AD10

Two RTD boxes can be connected to the service interface (RS485)

Monitoring of up to 12 measuring points (6 per RTD box)
- each having two thresholds (Alarm stages)
Display of the temperature as measured values
- directly at the RTD box (can be used as stand alone device as well)
- in the protection relay
Monitoring of threshold values
One dedicated input can be used for the hot spot calculation (oil temperature)
The type of sensor can be selected for each measuring point (Pt100, Ni100, Ni120)

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 18

 Application: Overload with hot-spot calculation (1of 3)
Transformer with ONAN-cooling - General
ONAN - cooling The hot-spot temperature of the Protection Object is an
important value of status.
The hottest spot relevant for the life-time of the transformer is
usually situated at the insulation of the upper inner turn.
Generally the temperature of the coolant increases from the
bottom up. The cooling method, however, affects the
top oil
temperature gradient.
temp.
The hot-spot temperature is composed of two parts:
- the temperature at the hottest spot of the coolant
(included via RTD-box),
HV - the temperature rise of the winding turn caused by the
LV
transformer load
Hot-spot calculation is done with different equations
depending on the cooling method.
For ON-cooling and OF-cooling: Θ h  Θ O  H gr  k Y
with: h= hot-spot temperature, O= top oil temperature, Hgr = hot-spot to top-oil gradient
k = load factor I/IN (measured), Y = winding exponent
The life-time of a cellulose insulation refers to a temperature of 98 °C or 208.4 °F in the direct
environment of the insulation. Experience shows that an increase of 6 K results in half of the life-time.
For a temperature which defers from the basic value of Ageing at Θ h
98 °C (208.4 °F), the relative ageing rate V is given by:
V   2 (Θh 98)/6
Ageing at 98C
T2
The mean value of the relative ageing rate L is given by 1
the calculation of the mean value of a certain period of time, L  
 V  dt
T2  T1 T1
i.e. from T1 to T2:
PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 19
 Application: Overload with hot-spot calculation (2of 3)
Transformer with ONAN-cooling - Example (page 1)
1. Settings:

From Transformer-
Manufacturer

In case of no Information Manual 7UT61:

2. Results:

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 20

 Application: Overload with hot-spot calculation (3of 3)
Transformer with ONAN-cooling - Example (page 2)

Θ h  Θ o  H gr  k Y  73  23 1.151.6  102C
(L)

V  2(Θ h 98)/6  2(10298)/6  1.6

108°C
102°C [°C]
k,
V, 98°C
L h
o

73°C

1.6
h hot-spot temp.

1.15

o top oil temp. (by Thermo-box)

k (I/InO)

V (relative ageing rate) L

(mean value of V)

t
PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 21
CT Requirements (1 of 3)
R ct  R b I
Request: k ALF  k ALF_N  4 P  for : TP  100ms
R ct  R b
'
I NCtPrim
R ct  R b I
k ALF  k ALF_N  5 P  for : TP  100ms
R ct  R b
'
I NCtPrim
where:
kALF_N = rated Accuracy Limiting Factor kALF = actual Accuracy Limiting Factor
Rct = secondary winding resistance
Rb = rated resistive burden R’b = actual resistive burden
IP = max. primary symmetrical short circuit current TP = Primary (Net-) Time constant
Example: (TP ≤ 100ms) Explanation:
110 kV 5P20:  kALF_N = 20
7UT6

200/1A Wind.1
5P20,15VA 80m , 2.5 mm2
Rct = 1Ω 0.1 Ω

38.1 MVA
110/11 kV
uk = 10%

2000/1A
50m , 4 mm2 Wind.2
10P10, 10VA
Rct = 2Ω 0.1 Ω

11 kV
PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 22
 CT Requirements (2 of 3)
Side 1 (HV): Side 2 (LV):
Nominal transformer current: Nominal transformer current:
SN 38100kVA SN 38100kVA
InO1    200A InO2    2000A
3  U N1 3 110kV 3  U N2 3 11kV

Maximum through flowing current: Maximum through flowing current:

c  InO1 1.1 200A c  InO2 1.1  2000A
I P_1  100%  100%  2200A I P_2  100%  100%  22000A
uk 10% uk 10%
where: c = factor for max. possible over voltage where: c = factor for max. possible over voltage

Sb 15VA Sb 10VA
Rb  2
  15Ω Rb    10Ω
I NCtS 1A 2 I 2
NCtS 1A 2
Ωmm 2 Ωmm 2
160m  0.0175 100m  0.0175
2lρ m  0.1Ω  1.22Ω 2l ρ m  0.1Ω  0.54Ω
R 'b   R Relay  2
R 'b   R Relay  2
q 2.5mm q 4mm

1Ω  15Ω 2Ω  10Ω
k ALF  20  144 k ALF  10  47.2
1Ω  1.22Ω 2Ω  0.54Ω
IP 2200A IP 22000A
k ALF  144  4 4  44  OK! k ALF  47.2  4 4  44  OK!
I NCTprim 200A I NCTprim 2000A

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 23

CT Requirements (3 of 3)
5P20, 200/1A, 15VA, Rct = 1Ω, R’b = 1.22Ω, 11·I/INCT ; TP = 100ms

10P10, 2000/1A, 10VA, Rct = 2Ω, R’b = 0.54Ω, 11·I/INCT ; TP = 100ms

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 24

 7UT6: CT Adaptation Factor (1 of 3)
Maximum ratio of nominal primary CT current to nominal object current.
Especially for 3- and more leg Differential
Example: Winding 1 Winding 2 Winding
Protection with very different loads in
3
the individual legs it can be necessary
to install UN 347 kV 15.7 kV 6.3 kV
an additional Interposing CT .
SN 250 MVA 200 MVA 10 MVA
The Adaptation factor can be calculated
(SN_max)
according the formula:
ICTprim 1000 A 9000 A 1000 A
I NCTprim 3  UN
FAdap    I Relay ICTsec 1A 5A 5A
I NCTsec S N_max
IN Relay 1A 5A 5A
Where SN_max is always the maximum load (by jumpers)
of the Transformer.
Factor 2.404 0.979 0.044
(calculated) Ok! Ok! **)
Condition for 7UT6: 0.25 < FAdap < 4

1000A 3  6.3kV
* *)  FAdap_Wdg3    5A  0.044
5A 250000kVA

For Winding 3 the Adaption factor is to low ! Here an Interposing CT with a ratio of
6 or greater should be installed.

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 25

7UT6: CT Adaptation Factor (2 of 3)
Maximum ratio of nominal primary CT current to nominal object current.

347 kV
7UT613

Side 1
1000/1A

250/200/10 MVA

Side 2
9000/5A
Side 3
1000/5A
6/1
Interposing CT

15.7 kV 6.3 kV

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 26

7UT6: CT Adaptation Factor (3 of 3)
Maximum ratio of nominal primary CT current to nominal object current.

CT Adaption factors without Interposing CT:

CT Adaption factors with Interposing CT (Ratio : 6):

Settings CT winding 3:

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 27

Setting the direction of the Star point CT

Transformer-
winding

L1
L2
L3

Q7 Q8 0230 Earthing Electrode versus Terminal Q7

7UT61

Q7 Q8 0230 Earthing Electrode versus Terminal Q7

7UT61

Q7 Q8 0230 Earthing Electrode versus Terminal Q8

7UT61

Q7 Q8 0230 Earthing Electrode versus Terminal Q8

7UT61

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 28

7UT6: Default setting for 5th harmonic restraint (1 of 2

The fundamental component of the magnetising current appears as differential current.

Apart from abnormally high operating voltages, a voltage rise at the winding can occur due
to single pole faults in a power system with “solid earthed system neutral”!

This situation with factor   1.4 is marked as point 2 (Figure 1).

The highest content of 5th harmonics is approximately there where the fundamental harmonic riches the
setting Idiff>.
Without 5th harmonic restraint the Differential protection would trip!

The magnetising current contains for example at point 3 (50Hz pickup threshold)
approximately 50% of this harmonic.
The setting for 5th harmonic restraint should consider the smallest I250 / I50 for the
applicable voltage range. In this example with Umax = 140% the setting for
I250 / I50 should be at least 30%.

Higher voltages require a lower setting of the restraint threshold.

The 50Hz component of the magnetising current due to over flux in this case (Figure 1)
does not exceed 1.5 InTr .
This threshold (1273A) can also be set on the protection relay.

As the 5th harmonic restraint is not effective above (1273A), it will not block during internal short circuits
with harmonics for example due to CT saturation.

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 29

7UT6: Default setting for 5th harmonic restraint (2 of 2)

Figure 1
50Hz part of the magnetisation current and dominant Harmonics at Over flux
for a 50Hz Transformer with UN = 78kV and SN = 60MVA

Harmonic components

Setting Idiff>

(for solid earthed

system neutral

PTD PA 7UT6 Applicat./Eng. 06/04 No. 30