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Integration by Parts

The document explains the integration by parts formula and how to apply it. The formula is derived from the product rule for differentiation written in reverse. It states that for integrals of the form ∫uv'dx, the formula is ∫uv'dx = uv - ∫u'dv. It provides examples of applying the formula to integrals involving polynomials, logarithms, and exponentials. It also introduces tabular integration as a shortcut method for certain integrals and lists some tricks for using integration by parts effectively.

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MadridSpain
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1K views

Integration by Parts

The document explains the integration by parts formula and how to apply it. The formula is derived from the product rule for differentiation written in reverse. It states that for integrals of the form ∫uv'dx, the formula is ∫uv'dx = uv - ∫u'dv. It provides examples of applying the formula to integrals involving polynomials, logarithms, and exponentials. It also introduces tabular integration as a shortcut method for certain integrals and lists some tricks for using integration by parts effectively.

Uploaded by

MadridSpain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

Integration By Parts

Start with the product rule:


( )
d dv du
uv u v
dx dx dx
= +
( )
d uv u dv v du = +
( )
d uv v du u dv =
( )
u dv d uv v du =
( )
( )
u dv d uv v du =
} }
( )
( )
u dv d uv v du =
} } }
This is the Integration by Parts
formula.

} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
The Integration by Parts formula is a product rule for
integration.
u differentiates to
zero (usually).
v is easy to
integrate.
Choose u in this order: LIPET
Logs, Inverse trig, Polynomial, Exponential, Trig

} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
Example 1:
polynomial factor
u x =
sin v x =
LIPET
sin sin x x x dx
}

}
dx x xcos
x v cos =
'
} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
1 =
'
u
} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
c x x x dx x x + + =
}
cos sin cos
Example 2:
logarithmic factor
LIPET

}
dx x ln
1 =
'
v
} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
x
u
1
=
'
} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
c x x x dx x + =
}
ln 1 ln
x u ln =
x v =
1
ln x x x dx
x

}
This is still a product, so we
need to use integration by
parts again.
Example 3:
2

x
x e dx
}
LIPET
2
u x =
x
v e =
u x =
x
v e =

} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
x u 2 =
'
x
e v =
'
1 =
'
u
x
e v =
'
}
'
= dx v u uv
}
= dx x e e x
x x
2
2
}
= dx xe e x
x x
2
2
( )
}
= dx e xe e x
x x x
2
2
c e xe e x dx e x
x x x x
+ + =
}
2 2
2 2
} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
u dv uv v du =
} }
The Integration by Parts formula can be written as:
Example 4 continued
cos
x
e x dx
}
LIPET
u v v du
}
cos
x
e x dx =
}
2 cos sin cos
x x x
e x dx e x e x = +
}
sin cos
cos
2
x x
x
e x e x
e x dx C
+
= +
}
sin sin
x x
e x x e dx
}
x
u e = sin dv x dx =

x
du e dx = cos v x =
x
u e =
cos dv x dx =

x
du e dx = sin v x =
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x e x dx +
}
( )
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x x e dx
}
Example 4 continued
cos
x
e x dx
}
u v v du
}
This is called solving
for the unknown
integral.
It works when both
factors integrate and
differentiate forever.

cos
x
e x dx =
}
2 cos sin cos
x x x
e x dx e x e x = +
}
sin cos
cos
2
x x
x
e x e x
e x dx C
+
= +
}
sin sin
x x
e x x e dx
}
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x e x dx +
}
( )
sin cos cos
x x x
e x e x x e dx
}
A Shortcut: Tabular Integration
Tabular integration works for integrals of the form:
( ) ( )
f x g x dx
}
where:
Differentiates to
zero in several
steps.
Integrates
repeatedly.

2

x
x e dx
}
( )
& deriv. f x
( )
& integrals g x
2
x
2x
2
0
x
e
x
e
x
e
x
e
+
+

2

x
x e dx =
}
2 x
x e 2
x
xe 2
x
e +
C +
Compare this with
the same problem
done the other way:

This is still a product, so we


need to use integration by
parts again.
Example 3:
2

x
x e dx
}
LIPET
2
u x =
x
v e =
u x =
x
v e =

} }
'
=
'
dx v u uv dx v u
x u 2 =
'
x
e v =
'
1 =
'
u
x
e v =
'
}
'
= dx v u uv
}
= dx x e e x
x x
2
2
}
= dx xe e x
x x
2
2
( )
}
= dx e xe e x
x x x
2
2
c e xe e x dx e x
x x x x
+ + =
}
2 2
2 2
This is easier and quicker to
do with tabular integration!
3
sin x x dx
}
3
x
2
3x
6x
6
sin x
cos x
sin x
cos x
+
+

sin x
3
cos x x
2
3 sin x x +
6 cos x x + 6sin x + C
t
13
In an integral, do only integration by parts in the parts that are
not easy to integrate.
If the integration by parts is getting out of hand, you may have
selected the wrong u function.
If you see your original integral in the integral part of the
integration by parts, just combine the two like integrals and
solve for the integral.
Integration by Parts: Tricks

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