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PET

The document discusses the history and development of artificial fibers. It notes that natural fibers like cotton, linen, silk and wool had problems with wrinkling, delicate handling, shrinking and being eaten by moths. This led to the development of rayon in the late 19th century as the first artificial fiber. Major milestones included the first patent for artificial silk in 1855, the first successful rayon production in 1891, and the invention of acetate film in 1893. Nylon was developed in the 1930s and commercialized by DuPont in 1939. Acrylic, polyester and other synthetic fibers were introduced throughout the 20th century to overcome issues with natural fibers. The document also discusses classification and properties of polyester fiber.

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Syed Israr Hussain
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176 views13 pages

PET

The document discusses the history and development of artificial fibers. It notes that natural fibers like cotton, linen, silk and wool had problems with wrinkling, delicate handling, shrinking and being eaten by moths. This led to the development of rayon in the late 19th century as the first artificial fiber. Major milestones included the first patent for artificial silk in 1855, the first successful rayon production in 1891, and the invention of acetate film in 1893. Nylon was developed in the 1930s and commercialized by DuPont in 1939. Acrylic, polyester and other synthetic fibers were introduced throughout the 20th century to overcome issues with natural fibers. The document also discusses classification and properties of polyester fiber.

Uploaded by

Syed Israr Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lecture # 20

M. Aamir Shehzad
There were many problems in using the natural fibers.

Cotton and linen wrinkled from wear and washings.

Silk required delicate handling

Wool shrank, was irritating to the touch, and was eaten by
moths

Then rayon was developed

The earliest published record of an attempt to create an
artificial fiber took place in 1664. English naturalist Robert
Hooke suggested the possibility of producing a fiber
The first patent for artificial silk was granted in England in
1855 to a Swiss chemist named Audemars.

First successful attempt of making rayon fiber based on
cellulose was made in 1891 and its commercial production
was also started in the same year.

In 1893, Arthur D. Little of Boston, invented yet another
cellulosic product acetate and developed it as a film.

In September 1931, American chemist Wallace Carothers
reported on research carried out in the laboratories of the
DuPont Company and made the miracle fiber the nylon
fiber.

DuPont began commercial production of nylon in 1939
In the summer of 1952, wash and wear was coined to describe
a new blend of cotton and acrylic.

In 1953 polyesters were comercialized.

The majority of the 20th century's basic manufactured fibers
now had been discovered, and the industry's engineers turned to
refining their chemical and physical properties

In the 1960's, manufactured fiber production accelerated as it
was spurred on by continuous fiber innovation.

Spandex, a stretchable fiber; aramid, a high-temperature-
resistant polyamide; and para-aramid, with outstanding strength-
to-weight properties, were introduced into the marketplace.
Classification is based on the process of
spinning:
There are three spinning processes
1. Melt spinning
2. Dry spinning
3. Wet spinning
1910 Rayon 1941 Saran
1959 Spandex 1924 Acetate
1946 Metallic 1961 Aramid
1930 Rubber 1949 Modacylic
1983 PBI 1936 Glass
1949 Olefin 1983 Sulfar
1939 Nylon 1950 Acrylic
1992 Lyocell 1939 Vinyon
1953 Polyester
Introduction
Properties
Raw Materials
Chemical Reactions
Flow sheet Diagram
HTM Area
Additives
Spinning
Drawline


Definition
Polyester is a term often defined as long-chain polymers
chemically composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester and
a dihydric alcohol and a terephthalic acid. In other words, it
means the linking of several esters (monomers) within the
fibers.

Reaction of alcohol with carboxylic acid results in the
formation of esters (monomer). Then these monomers units
combines together to form a long chain of polyethylene
terephthalate PET.

IFL polyester plant is for continuous production of staple fiber
or chips (textile grade). Plant capacity is 400 tons/day and is
equipped with Distributed Control System of Fischer-
Rosemount systems named as Delta-V


Strong
Resistant to stretching and shrinking
Resistant to most chemicals
Quick drying
Crisp and resilient when wet or dry
Wrinkle resistant
Mildew resistant
Abrasion resistant
Retains heat-set pleats and crease
Easily washed
PTA (pure teraphtahlic Acid)


MEG (monoethylene glycol)

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