PLASMONICS
Merging photonics and electronics
At nanoscale / low dimension
(C), , , , , , ,
2013-11-19
Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University 1
Outline
Photonics + Electronics @ nanoscale
Plasmonic Chips
Plasmonic Nano-lithography
Plasmonic Light Sources
Improved Photovoltaic Devices
Graphene Plasmonics
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Main References:
Ekmel Ozbay. Science 311, 189 (2006);
Revival of Plasmoncis
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Conventional Electronic Circuits :
Transport and storage of electrons
Interconnect scaling RC delay increases
Conventional Photonic Circuits :
>1000 times capacity of electronic interconnects
Optical diffraction 1000 times larger compatibility
problem
Electronic + Photonic circuits Plasmonic Chips
Plasmonic Chips
Surface Plasmonic circuits
Circuit with nanoscale features that can carry optical signals
& electrical currents.
Even logic operations can be made.
+ =
Two integrated programmable
nanowire (~10nm in diameters)
logic circuit tiles on a glass
substrate. From the image gallery
of Charles Lieber research group.
Yulan Fu, et al, All-optical
logic gates based on
nanoscale plasmonic slot
waveguides, Nano Lett.
2012, 12, 57845790.
Optic fiber
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Plasmonic Couplers
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Plasmonic couplers:
Light Plasmon
W. Nomura, M. Ohtsu, T. Yatsui, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 181108 (2005).
Subwavelength Localization
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Nanowire ohmic losses
Nano Array
S. A. Maier, et al, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 071103 (2005).
D. Pile, et al. Appl. Phys. Lett, 87, 061106 (2005).
~50 um
Transmission Enhancement
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Debatable theoretically
L: H. J. Lezec, et al. Opt. Exp. 12, 3629 (2004).
R: T. Thio, et al. Opt. Lett. 26, 19721974 (2001).
Angular confinement of transmitted light
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Simulation
Experiment
Plasmonic Nanolithography Superlens
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Made with material of negative or , or both.
J. B. Pendry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3966 (2000). > 7000 citations
FIB
Superlens
Traditional
~ 4 times
promotion
Plasmon Enhanced Light Sources
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Traditional LED low light-emission efficiencies
InGaN/GaN Quantum Well(QW) coated by ~nm silver
32-fold emission rate increase
K. Okamoto et al.,
Appl. Phys. Lett. 87,
071102, (2005).
Plasmon Enhanced Light Sources
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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OLED light emitting enhanced
S. Wedge, et al. Appl. Phys. Lett.
85, 182 (2004).
Outline
Photonics + Electronics @ nanoscale
Improved Photovoltaic Devices
Background
With Localized SP or SP Polaritons
Graphene Plasmonics
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Main References:
H.A. Atwater, A. Polman. Nat. Mat. 9, 205 (2010);
Background
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Convert sunlight to electricity
Traditionally
long absorption length
large film thickness
large cost
http://www.wbdg.org/resources/photovoltaics.php
Background
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Solar energy absorbed in a 2-m-thick
crystalline Si film, spectral range 600-
1000nm is poorly absorbed.
Charge carriers generated far away are not
effectively collected, owing to bulk
recombination. trade-off!
Plasmonics for Enhanced Photovoltaics
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Plasmonic Light-trapping Geometries
(a) Metallic nanoparticles as scattering element, folding light into a thin absorber
layer
(b) Metallic nanoparticles as antennas, increasing effective absorption cross-section
(c) Corrugated metallic film couple sunlight into SPP modes and guide modes in the
semiconductor slab
Light Scattering Using Particle Plasmons
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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(Left) When nanoparticle is placed close to the
interface between two dielectrics, light will scatter
preferentially into the dielectric with the larger
permittivity , thus increase the optical path length.
(Down) Shape and size of the nanoparticle are key
factors determining efficiency.
Light Concentration Using Particle Plasmons
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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The nanoparticle stores the incident energy in a
localized surface plamon mode, increasing the
absorption rate, particularly in the junction area.
For previous page
Light Trapping Using SPP
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Light is converted into SPPs, travelling
along the interface. Solar flux is
effectively turned by 90
o
.
Outline
Photonics + Electronics @ nanoscale
Improved Photovoltaic Devices
Graphene Plasmonics
Intrinsic graphene plasmons
Graphene-based plasmonic hybrid devices
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Main References:
A. N. Grigorenko, et al. Nat. Phon. 6, 749 (2012).
Pauli Blocking in Graphene
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Pauli Blocking E
photon
> 2 E
F
Achieved E
F
~ 1 eV visible spectrum
Intrinsic Graphene Plasmons
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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TM and TE modes are both available in graphene
TE modes allow frequency slightly smaller than Pauli-
blocking threshold:
Comes along with Dirac spectrum of electrons
The new mode propagates along the graphene layer
with the velocity close to the velocity of light, has a
weak damping, and its frequency is tunable across a
broad frequency range from radio waves to the
infrared.
1.667< / E
F
< 2
-- Mikhailov, S. A. & Ziegler, K. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 016803 (2007).
Massless Dirac Fermion (MDF)
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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In graphene
Kinetic + e-e Interaction
Graphene fine-structure constant
~ 2.2 for suspended sheet
electrons in graphene interact quite strongly
MDF =/= 2D electron gas
2D plasmons
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Graphene based plasmon App 1
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Enhance Raman scattering for graphene
App 1.1 Graphene for Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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App2 photovoltage enhancement
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V
BG
(V)
Fang, Zheyu, et al. Graphene-Antenna Sandwich Photodetector, Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 3808
A little more for
your knowledge
Graphene-based plasmonic hybrid devices
2013-11-19 Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University
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Hot topic, but still challenging!
2D building blocks (graphene, hBN, TMDCs, etc.)
Semimetal, dielectrics, semiconductors
Ultra-fast optical modulators, graphene-based 2D laser
Strong confinement & interaction
Tunable?
More to be discovered.
THANK YOU!
(C), , , , , , ,
2013-11-19
Surface Physics Group Presentation - Fall, 2013, Peking University 29
