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Mechanical Plaque Controle

Mechanical plaque control involves the regular use of oral hygiene practices to prevent the accumulation of dental plaque. The conventional toothbrush is the most common cleaning device used to remove plaque. Toothbrushing alone is not sufficient and interdental cleaning aids like floss are also needed. There are various toothbrush designs, techniques for brushing, and ingredients in dentifrices that help with plaque removal and oral health maintenance. Proper home care and the selection of aids is important for assessing oral hygiene effectiveness.

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Ahmed Tawfig Gamal
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657 views24 pages

Mechanical Plaque Controle

Mechanical plaque control involves the regular use of oral hygiene practices to prevent the accumulation of dental plaque. The conventional toothbrush is the most common cleaning device used to remove plaque. Toothbrushing alone is not sufficient and interdental cleaning aids like floss are also needed. There are various toothbrush designs, techniques for brushing, and ingredients in dentifrices that help with plaque removal and oral health maintenance. Proper home care and the selection of aids is important for assessing oral hygiene effectiveness.

Uploaded by

Ahmed Tawfig Gamal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mechanical

plaque
control

intoduction
Plaque control is the prevention of the accumulation of
dental plaque and other deposits on the teeth and
adjacent gingival surfaces. The regular use of oral
hygiene practices is a requisite for proper supragingival
plaque elimination. The conventional toothbrush is the
cleaning device most frequently used to remove dental
plaque. The effectiveness of a self-care mechanical
plaque
control depends on motivation, knowledge, provision
of oral hygiene instructions, type of oral hygiene aids
used and manual dexterity.

In 1965, Le et al.
conducted the classic study demonstrating the relationship between plaque accumulation and the

.development of experimental gingivitis in humans

TRADITIONAL ORAL HYGIENE


METHODS
Traditional methods of oral hygiene have been an
integral part of religious and/or traditional beliefs.
chewing sticks prepared from certain plants have
been used as oral hygiene tools.
these plants contain antimicrobial substances that
naturally protect them against invading microorganisms or other parasites
Current toothbrushes have nylon bristles or
polyester filaments which are durable and
resistant to bacteria accumulation than natural
bristles.

VARIOUS DESIGNS OF
TOOTHBRUSHES
Manual
Bristles

Toothbrushes

in adult toothbrush are usually


10-11 mm long.
filament should have rounded end
because it causes least trauma to the
tissues.

The daily use of a toothbrush and other oral


hygiene aids is the most dependable way of
achieving oral health benefits for all patients.
Plaque growth occurs within hours and must be
completely removed at least every 48 hours in
periodontally healthy subjects to prevent
inflammation.
Toothbrushing alone is not sufficient to control
gingival and periodontal diseases because
periodontal lesions are predominantly found in
interdental locations

The

filament diameter ranges from soft


to hard
Soft - 0.2 mm
Medium - 0.3 mm
Hard - 0.4 mm

Powered Toothbrushes
Electrically

powered toothbrushes were


invented in 1939.
There are number of designs available
with different forms of movements:
activating, reciprocating and vibrating.

:Indications
i.

Those who wear orthodontic appliances


ii. Children and adolescents
iii. Those undergoing complex restorative and
prosthodontic treatment
iv. Those with dental implants
v. Patients with physical or mental disabilities
vi. Hospitalized patients, elder ones who need to
have their teeth cleaned by caregivers
vii. Poorly compliant periodontal maintenance
patient

Orthodontic Toothbrushes
The

head of the brush features soft


bristles that are shorter down the
center, with hedges of taller bristles
on either side, allowing the brush to
pass over the appliance without
causing abrasion to the teeth. It is
also called as bi-level toothbrush.

Novel Toothbrushes
These designs are based on the
assumption that the majority of the
individuals use a simple horizontal
brushing action and regular flatheaded brush, which is ineffective to
reach the approximal surfaces in the
dentition. Therefore, the design of
the brush head has been changed
and multiple tufts of bristles are
angled in different directions

VARIOUS TOOTHBRUSHING
METHODS
Roll:

Roll method or modified Stillman


technique
Vibratory: Stillman,Charters,and Bass
techniques
Circular: Fones technique
Vertical: Leonard technique
Horizontal: Scrub technique

Bass method
Indications:
a. For open interproximal areas,
cervical areas beneath the
height of contour of the enamel
and exposed root surfaces.
b. Recommended for any
patient with or without
periodontal involvement.

Advantages:
It cleans the gingival
sulcus.
It also cleans the
interproximal and cervical
portion of teeth.
In modified Bass method,
bristles are swept towards
the occlusal surface after
completing the vibratory
motion in the gingival
sulcus.

Modified Stillman Method

Indications: In areas
with progressing gingival
recession and root
exposure to minimize
abrasive tissue
destruction.

Charters Method
Indications:
a. Cleaning in areas of healing
wounds after periodontal surgery.
b. Cleaning in orthodontic
appliances patient.
c. Remove bacterial plaque from
abutment teeth and
under the gingival border of a
fixed partial denture(bridge) or
from the undersurface of sanitary
bridge.

Technique: Hold brush with


filaments towards the
occlusal or incisal plane of the
teeth to be brushed, angle
the filaments at 45 to the
long axis of teeth
The technique was designed
to gently massage the
gingiva, so the bristle tips
should not drag across the
gingiva.

Scrub Method
Indications:

Very young child to get


feeling of brushing his teeth.
It consists of vigorously combined
horizontal,vertical and circular strokes
with some vibratory motions for certain
areas.

Sequence of
Toothbrushing
i.

Maxillary teeth first, then mandibular to avoid the


deposition of loosened debris from maxillary teeth on brushed
mandibular teeth.
ii. Start brushing from a molar region of one arch around to
the opposite side, then back around the lingual/ facial. Repeat
in the opposing arch.
iii. Each brush placement must overlap the previous one for
thorough coverage.
iv. Encourage the patient to begin brushing the area that are
most frequently missed or most difficult for brush placement.
v. Sequence is varied at least once each day

DENTIFRICES

Therapeutic Ingredients
Fluoride

agents
Plaque-inhibiting agents: Sanguinaria,
chlorhexidine, lactoperoxidase, triclosan
Desensitizing agents: Fluorides agents (e.g.
stannous fluoride); nonfluoride agents
commonly used in desensitizing agents
include strontium chloride, potassium
nitrate, and sodium citrate
Tartar control agents: Pyrophosphate system

INTERDENTAL CLEANING
AIDS
Interdental

cleaning aids are interdental


brushes, dental floss, interdental tips,
wooden tips, rubber tips, plastic tips and
dental tape.

Interproximal

brush: Interdental area is the


most common site of plaque retention and the
most inaccessible area to the toothbrush
The types of interdental brushes are:
a. Small insert brushes with reusable handles
b. Brush with wire handle. They are
recommended in exposed root surfaces having
concavities or grooves,through and through
furcation

Dental

floss and tape: The floss can be waxed or


unwaxed. The wax covering waxed dental floss
facilitates the movement of floss, prevents excessive
absorption of moisture and helps to prevent
shredding.
Dental tape:It is used with fluoride dentifrice which
is recommended for cleaning the approximal surfaces
of molars and premolars in children and adults
Toothpick: They are usually 2 inch long made of soft
wood (basswood/birchwood) and are triangular in
shape. They are recommended in patients with open
interdental spaces.
Tongue scraper: It may be made of plastic, stainless
steel or other flexible metal. It is indicated in high
caries risk, periodontal risk patients and patients
suffering from halitosis.

ASSESSMENT OF HOME
CARE
Factors

to be considered in the
selection of a disclosing solution are:
i. Intensity of color
ii. Taste
iii. Non-irritating to mucous membrane
iv. Diffusibility - neither too thin nor too
thick
v. Astringent and antiseptic

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