Day 1 Course Contents

LTE Performance Management

Introduction
EPS Introduction
LTE RAN Evolution
LTE Performance Management Solution
Optimization Solution
EUTRAN Counters
EUTRAN MO Classes
EPS QoS
Radio KPIs Overview

Radio KPIs Overview

The quality of network performance is mainly evaluated by

KPI (Key Performance Index)
Drive Test KPI/ Stationary Test: Some KPIs should be
attained by drive test, such as such as coverage KPI and
latency KPI, measurement results are coming from driver test
tools

Performance Measurement KPI: Most of KPIs are

attained by this approach, such as RRC success Rate, HHO
success rate,eg, these KPIs are coming from eNodeB
performance statistic.

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Security Level: Internal

Huawei eRAN KPI

Introduction
(eRAN 7.1)
www.huawei.com

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Agenda

KPI System Overview

KPI Detail Description
Recommended KPIs

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KPI System Overview

LTE KPIs

Accessibility

RRC
SETUP SR
E-RAB
Setup SR
(VoIP/ALL)
Call Setup
SR
(VoIP/ALL)

Retainability

Call Drop
Rate
(VoIP/ALL)
Call Setup
Complete
Rate
(VoIP/ALL)

Mobility

HHO SR
(Intra-/Inter
Frequency)

Availability

Radio
Network
Unavailabil
ity Rate

Utilization

UL/DL
RB
Utility
Rate

HO in SR
Inter-RAT
HHO SR

Traffic

Cell UL/DL
Traffic
Volume
Radio
Bearer
Number

Latency

Access
Latency
Service
Latency

Integrity

Service
UL/DL
Throughput

Interrupt
Latency

Radio Network KPI:

Service KPI:

Focus on the radio network performance

Focus on the user

experience

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KPI Attained Approach

In general, there are two approaches to define or attain KPIs:
By statistics or counters:
Most of KPIs are attained by this approach, such as RRC Success Rate, HHO Success Rate...

By drive tests or stationary tests:

Some KPIs should be attained by drive tests, such as Attach Latency, Handover latency...

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Measurement Object for Counter

Each measurement result is related to a specific measurement object.
Counters are organized by Measurement Unit/Family.
Measurement Object

Measuremen
t

Measurement
Unit 1

Measuremen

Measuremen

...

t Unit 2

Family 1

Counter
1

...

t
Family 2

Counter
2

Counter
3

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Counter
4

Counter

Counter

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Counter
7

Collection Method and Reporting Period

Collection methods (TS 32.403)
CC (Cumulative Counter), for example, Attempted RRC Connection Establishments;
GAUGE (dynamic variable), used when data being measured can vary up or down during
the period of measurement, for example, Maximum E-RAB Setup Time;
DER (Discrete Event Registration), when data related to a particular event are captured
every nth event is registered, where n can be 1 or larger, for example, Cell Unavailable
Time, Mean E-RAB Setup Time;
SI (Status Inspection), for example, Average Number of Simultaneous E-RABs;

Reporting period
The measurement results are collected in a pre-defined reporting period, and this
reporting period, in general, is configurable at EMS, for example, 15 minutes, 60
minutes

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Agenda
KPI System Overview
KPI Detail Description

Accessibility
Retainability
Mobility
Availability
Utilization
Traffic
Integrity
Latency

Recommended KPIs

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Accessibility (1) RRC Setup Success Rate

RRC Setup Success Rate (Service)
The RRC setup procedure is triggered by different reasons as identified by the
establishmentCause field in the RRCConnctionRequest message: emergency,
highPriorityAccess, mt-Access, mo-Signalling, mo-Data, and delayTolerantAccess-v1020.
The UE sets the establishmentCause received by eNodeB. Causes except mo-Signalling are
categorized as service related ones, and the cause of mo-Signalling is categorized as signal
related ones.
This KPI evaluates the RRC setup success rate with service related causes in a cell or cluster.

RRC _ SSRService

RRC _ ConnectionSuccess service

100%
RRC _ ConnectionAttemptservice

RRC Setup Success Rate (Signaling)

This KPI evaluates the RRC setup success rate with signal
related causes (mo-Signalling) in a cell or cluster.

RRC _ SSRSignal

RRC _ ConnectionSuccess Signal

RRC _ ConnectionAttemptSignal

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Accessibility (2) Counter Mapping for RRC

SSR

L.RRC.ConnReq.Att

L.RRC.ConnReq.Succ

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Accessibility (3) QCI Definition

LTE-SAE QoS Class Identifier
There are 9 QCIs defined in 3GPP TS 23.203. Each of QCI has its QoS requirements, and
each E-RAB has the attribute of QCI.

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Accessibility (4) ERAB Setup Success Rate

ERAB Setup Success Rate (VoIP)
This KPI can be used to evaluate the E-RAB setup
success rate for VoIP services (QCI 1 services) in a
cell or cluster.

VoIP _ ERAB _ SSR

VoIP _ ERAB _ SetupSuccess

100%
VoIP _ ERAB _ SetupAttempt

ERAB Setup Success Rate (All)

This KPI can be used to evaluate the E-RAB setup
success rate for all services including the VoIP
service in a cell or a cluster.

ERAB _ SSR ( ALL )

ERAB _ SetupSuccess
100%
ERAB _ SetupAttempt

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Accessibility (5) Counter Mapping for ERAB

SSR

ERAB Setup Attempt Counters

ERAB Setup Success Counters

ERAB Setup Attempt Counters

ERAB Setup Success Counters

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Accessibility (6) Call Setup Success Rate

Call Setup Success Rate (VoIP)
This KPI evaluates the success rate of the whole setup procedure for VoIP services
(QCI 1 service) in a cell or cluster, which mainly includes three phases: RRC setup
phase, S1 Signaling connection establishment phase, and VoIP E-RAB setup phase:

VoIP _ CSSR

RRC _ ConnectionSuccessService S1SIGConnectionEstablishSuccess VoIP _ ERAB _ SetupSuccess

*
*
100%
RRC _ ConnectionAttempt Service S1SIGConnectionEstablishAttempt VoIP _ ERAB _ SetupAttempt

Call Setup Success Rate (All)

This KPI can be used to evaluate the call setup success rate for all services including
the VoIP service in a cell or a cluster. This KPI mainly includes three phases: RRC setup
phase, S1 Signaling connection establishment phase and service E-RAB setup phase:
CSSR( ALL)

RRC _ ConnectionSuccessService S1SIGConnectionEstablishSuccess ERAB _ SetupSuccess

*
*
100%
RRC _ ConnectionAttempt Service S1SIGConnectionEstablishAttempt ERAB _ SetupAttempt

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Accessibility (7) Counter Mapping for CSSR

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Retainability (1) Call Drop Rate

Call Drop Rate (VoIP)
This KPI can be used to evaluate the call drop rate of VoIP services (QCI 1 services) in a cell or cluster.
The call drops happen when eNodeB actively initiates an E-RAB (with data in buffer) release process by
E-RAB Release Indication or UE Context Release Request message with abnormal causes (the cause
other than: Normal Release, Detach, User Inactivity, cs fallback triggered, UE Not Available For PS
Service, Successful Handover or Inter-RAT redirection), and all of the other E-RAB releases are
considered as normal E-RAB release.
VoIP _ ERAB _ Abnormal Re lease
VoIP _ CDR
100%
VoIP _ ERAB _ Re lease

Call Drop Rate (All)

This KPI can be used to evaluate the call drop rate of all
services in a cell or a cluster, including VoIP service.

CDR ( ALL)

ERAB _ Abnormal Re lease

100%
ERAB _ Re lease

Call Drop Rate (Always Online)

This KPI can be used to evaluate the call drop rate of all the services, including the VoIP service, when
the always online state is active. In always online state, the E-RAB number of a UE entering the
asynchronous state from synchronous state will be considered for the KPI calculating.

AlwaysOnline _ CDR

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ERABAbnormalReleaseOfAlwaysOnline
100%
ERAB Re leaseOfAlwaysOnline
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Retainability (2) Counter Mapping for Call

Drop Rate

Normal and Abnormal release

Counters based on the cause

Normal and Abnormal release

Counters based on the cause

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Retainability (3) Call Setup Complete Rate

Call Setup Complete Rate (VoIP)
This KPI evaluates the call setup complete rate for VoIP services (QCI 1 services) in a cell
or cluster, which means the rate of the VoIP service can be normally terminated once the UE
attempt to set up the service. And it can include 4 phases: RRC setup phase, S1 Signaling
connection establishment phase, VoIP E-RAB setup phase and VoIP service E-RAB release
phase;
VoIP _ CSTR

RRC _ ConnectionSuccessService S1SIGConnectionEstablishSuccess VoIP _ ERAB _ SetupSuccess VoIP _ ERAB _ Normal Re lease
*
*
*
100%
RRC _ ConnectionAttempt Service S1SIGConnectionEstablishAttempt VoIP _ ERAB _ SetupAttempt
VoIP _ ERAB _ Re lease

Call Setup Complete Rate (All)

Similar as the preceding KPI, this KPI will evaluate the success rate in totally for 4 phases:
RRC setup phase, S1 Signaling connection establishment phase, service E-RAB setup phase
and service E-RAB release phase;
CSTR ( ALL)

RRC _ ConnectionSuccessService S1SIGConnectionEstablishSuccess ERAB _ SetupSuccess ERAB _ Normal Re lease

*
*
*
100%
RRC _ ConnectionAttempt Service S1SIGConnectionEstablishAttempt ERAB _ SetupAttempt
ERAB _ Re lease

Call Setup Complete Rate (Always Online)

Similar as the preceding KPI, this KPI will evaluate the success rate in totally for 4 phases:
RRC setup phase, S1 Signaling connection establishment phase, service E-RAB setup phase
and service E-RAB release phase (when the always online state is active);
CSTR ( AlwaysOnline)

RRC _ ConnectionSuccessService S1SIGConnectionEstablishSuccess ERAB _ SetupSuccess ERABAbnormalReleaseOfAlwaysOnline

*
*
*
100%
RRC _ ConnectionAttempt Service S1SIGConnectionEstablishAttempt ERAB _ SetupAttempt
ERAB Re leaseOfAlwaysOnline

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Retainability (4) Counter Mapping for CSCR

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Mobility (1) Intra-LTE Handover (Out)

Success Rate
Intra-Frequency Handover Out Success Rate
This KPI can be used to evaluate the intra-frequency
outgoing handover success rate in a cell or cluster.
IntraF _ HOOut _ SR

IntraF _ HOOutSucce ss
100%
IntraF _ HOOutAttempt

Inter-Frequency Handover Out Success Rate

This KPI can be used to evaluate the inter-frequency
outgoing handover success rate in a cell or cluster.
InterF _ HOOut _ SR

InterF _ HOOutSucce ss
100%
InterF _ HOOutAttempt

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Mobility (2) Counter Mapping for Intra-LTE

HO SR

Handover Attempt Counters

Handover Success Counters

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Mobility (3) Intra-LTE Handover In Success

Rate
Handover In Success Rate
This KPI can be used to evaluate the incoming
handover success rate in a cell or cluster.

HOIn _ SR

HOInSucces s
100%
HOInAttempt

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Mobility (4) Counter Mapping for Intra-LTE

HO In SR

HO in Attempt Counters

HO in Success Counters

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Mobility (5) Inter-RAT Handover Success

Rate
Inter-RAT Handover Success Rate (LTE to WCDMA)
This KPI can be used to evaluate the inter-RAT handover
success rate from LTE to WCDMA in a cluster.

IRATHO _ L 2W _ SRout

IRATHO _ L 2W _ SuccessOut
100%
IRATHO _ L 2W _ AttemptOut

Inter-RAT Handover Success Rate (LTE to GERAN)

This KPI can be used to evaluate the inter-RAT handover success rate from LTE to GERAN in a cluster.
IRATHO _ L 2G _ SRout

IRATHO _ L 2G _ SuccessOut
100%
IRATHO _ L 2G _ AttemptOut

Inter-RAT Handover Success Rate (LTE to TD-SCDMA)

This KPI can be used to evaluate the inter-RAT handover success rate from LTE to TD-SCDMA in a
cluster.
IRATHO _ L 2T _ SRout

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IRATHO _ L 2T _ SuccessOut
100%
IRATHO _ L 2T _ AttemptOut

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Mobility (6) Inter-RAT Handover Success

Rate
Inter-RAT Handover Success Rate (LTE to CDMA2000)
This KPI can be used to evaluate the inter-RAT handover success
rate from LTE to CDMA2000 in a cluster.

IRATHO _ L 2C _ SRout

IRATHO _ L 2C _ SuccessOut
100%
IRATHO _ L 2C _ AttemptOut

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Mobility (7) Counter Mapping for Inter-RAT

HO SR

B point, HO attempt, and

distinguish the target system by
an element "targetRAT-Type" in
the message

C point, HO Success

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Availability (1) Radio Network Unavailability

Rate
Radio Network Unavailability Rate
This KPI provides the percentage of time that a cell is unavailable in order to evaluate the
degradation of the network performance caused by the unavailable cells. It is calculated
based on the time of all cell unavailability in the radio network (cluster).

Where the {SP} denotes the reports period of counters, and the unit is minutes.

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Availability (2) Counter Mapping for RAN Unavailability

Rate

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Utilization (1) DL/UL RB Utility Rate

Downlink Resource Block Utility Rate
This KPI evaluates the downlink RB (Resource Block) utility rate of a cell or cluster.

DLRB _ UtilityRat e

DLRB _ Used
100%
DLRB _ Available

Uplink Resource Block Utility Rate

This KPI evaluates the uplink RB (Resource Block) utility rate of a cell or cluster.

ULRB _ UtilityRat e

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ULRB _ Used
100%
ULRB _ Available

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Utilization (2) Counter Mapping for RB

Utility Rate

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Utilization (3) Average CPU Load

Average CPU Load
This KPI is used to evaluate the CPU usage in busy hours. It indicates the system load. The CPU
load is calculated by averaging the CPU usage ratio in the measurement period.

MeanCPUUtility

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Utilization (4) Counter Mapping for Average

CPU Load

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Traffic (1) Active Users

Active Users
This group of KPIs consist of 6 KPIs, which are used to evaluate the number of UEs in
RRC_CONNECTED mode in a cell, the user numbers with uplink data in the buffer or with downlink
data in the buffer, and also give the average user number and maximum user number in a cell or
cluster.

AvgUserNumber
MaxUserNumber

DLAvgActiveUserNumber
DLMaxActiveUserNumber

ULAvgActiveUserNumber
ULMaxActiveUserNumber

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Traffic (2) Counter Mapping for Active Users

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Traffic (3) Counter Mapping for Active Users

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Traffic (4) Counter Mapping for Active Users

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Traffic (5) Radio Bearers

Radio Bearers
The radio bearers KPIs consist of ten sub-KPIs, one is for the total of radio bearers and the
other nine are for nine QCIs. This set of KPIs can be used to evaluate the average radio bearers
in a cell or a cluster. The radio bearer for each QCI is based on the number of active RRC
connections for each QCI according to the QCI defined in the QoS information.

RadioBearers

RadioBeare rs _ QCI _ 1

RadioBeare rs _ QCI _ 9

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Traffic (6) Counter Mapping for Radio

Bearers

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Traffic (7) Traffic Volume

Downlink Traffic Volume
Similar to the radio bearers KPIs, the downlink traffic volume KPIs consist of ten sub-KPIs, one is for
the total of traffic volume for DRBs and the other nine are for nine QCIs. This group of KPIs can be
used to evaluate the DL traffic volume in a cell, which is measured at the PDCP layer excluding the
PDCP header

DLTrafficVolume

DLTrafficVolume _ QCI _1

DLTrafficV olume _ QCI _ 9

Uplink Traffic Volume

Similar to the downlink traffic volume KPIs, the uplink traffic volume KPIs consist of ten sub-KPIs, one
is for the total of traffic volume for DRBs and the other nine are for nine QCIs. This group of KPIs can
be used to evaluate the uplink traffic volume in a cell. The KPIs are measured at the PDCP layer
excluding the PDCP header.

ULTrafficVolume

ULTrafficV olume _ QCI _ 1

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ULTrafficV olume _ QCI _ 9

Traffic (8) Counter Mapping for Traffic

Volume

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Traffic (9) Counter Mapping for Traffic

Volume

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Service Integrity (1) Service Average

Throughput
Service Downlink Average Throughput
This set of KPIs consists of nine sub-KPIs mapped into nine QCIs (QCI 1~9). These KPIs evaluate the
downlink throughput of a service with a specific QCI per user in each cell, reflecting the end-user
experience.

DLAverageT hroughput _ QCI _ 1

DLAverageT hroughput _ QCI _ 9

The total downlink traffic volume at PDCP layer of each QCI and total duration for transmitting them are
measured within a measurement period. Then the average throughput of each QCI is obtained at the end
of the measurement period.

Service Uplink Average Throughput

Same with the service downlink average throughput, this set of KPIs consists of nine sub-KPIs
mapped into nine QCIs (QCI 1~9), and the meaning is also similar with it.

ULAverageT hroughput _ QCI _ 1

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ULAverageT hroughput _ QCI _ 9

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Service Integrity (2) Cell Average

Throughput
Cell Downlink Average Throughput
This KPI evaluates a cell's average downlink throughput when data is transferring in the downlink. It
reflects the cell capacity.
The total downlink traffic volume at PDCP layer in a cell and total duration for transmitting which is
measured within a measurement period. Then the average throughput of cell is obtained at the end of the
measurement period.
CellDLAveThp

CellDLTrafficVolume
CellDLTransferTime

Cell Uplink Average Throughput

Same with the cell downlink average throughput, this set of KPI reflects the cell capacity, and the
meaning is also similar with it.
CellULAveThp

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CellULTrafficVolume
CellULTransferTime

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Service Integrity (3) Cell Maximum

Throughput
Cell Downlink Maximum Throughput
This KPI evaluates a cell's maximum downlink throughput when data is transferring in the downlink. It
reflects the cell capacity. It is calculated based on maximum value of downlink traffic volume which are
transferred at each second.
CellDLMaxThp

CellDLMaxTrafficVolumeforEach1s (bit )
1000(ms )

Cell Uplink Maximum Throughput

Same with the cell uplink maximum throughput. It is calculated based on maximum value of uplink
traffic volume which are transferred at each second.
CellULMaxThp

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CellULMaxTrafficVolumeforEach1s (bit )
1000(ms )

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Service Integrity (4) Counter Mapping for Service

Average Throughput

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Service Integrity (5) Measurement Principle for

Throughput

Refer to TS 32.450

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Service Integrity (6) Counter Mapping for Service

Average Throughput

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Service Integrity (7) Counter Mapping for Cell

Average Throughput

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Service Integrity (8) Counter Mapping for Cell

Maximum Throughput

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Latency (1)
Access Latency
This group of KPIs can be used to evaluate the latency of access phase.

AccessLatency_Attach
Defined as the duration from the time the UE
sends an AttachRequest message to the time the
UE sends an AttachComplete message.

AccessLatency_Idle2Active
Defined as the duration from the time the UE (in
idle mode) sends an RRCConnectionRequest
message to the time the UE sends an
RRCConnectionReconfiguration message.

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Latency (2)
Service Latency
This group of KPIs can be used to evaluate the latency of a particular service. We can distinguish
them by different services. This KPI can be attained by drive tests (or stationary tests).

ServiceLatency _ Ping _ 32bytes

ServiceLatency _ Ping _ 1460bytes
Control Plane HO Interrupt Latency
This group of KPIs can be used to evaluate the control plane interrupt latency during the handover. We can
further distinguish them by different handover scenarios.
This group of KPIs is measured through drive tests. Defined as the duration from the time the UE receives
the handover command (RRCConnectionReconfiguration after MeasurementReport) to the time the UE
sends the handover confirm message (RRCConectionReconfigurationComplete).

ControlPlane _ Interrupt _ IntraLTE _ HO

ControlPlane _ Interrupt _ IRATHO _ L 2C

ControlPlane _ Interrupt _ IRATHO _ L 2W
ControlPlane _ Interrupt _ IRATHO _ L 2G

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Latency (3)
User Plane HO Interrupt Latency
This group of KPIs can be used to evaluate the user plane interrupt latency during the handover.
We can further distinguish them by different handover scenarios.
The user plane interrupt latency is different when observed at different layers, for example, at IP
layer or RLC layer or MAC layer.
This group of KPIs is measured through drive tests. Defined as the duration from the last RLC
layer package received before the handover, to the first RLC layer package received after
handover. It can be observed in Probe.

UserPlane _ Interrupt _ IntraLTE _ HO

UserPlane _ Interrupt _ IRATHO _ L 2C
UserPlane _ Interrupt _ IRATHO _ L 2W
UserPlane _ Interrupt _ IRATHO _ L 2G

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Agenda

KPI System Overview

KPI Detail Description
Recommended KPIs

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Recommended KPIs
The recommended KPIs at this phase include:
KPI Class

KPI Name
RRC Setup Success Rate (Service)

Accessibility

RRC Setup Success Rate (Signaling)

ERAB Setup Success Rate (All)

Retainability
Mobility

Call Drop Rate (All)

Intra-Frequency Handover Out Success Rate
Radio Bearers for Total and QCI 1~9

Traffic

Downlink Traffic Volume for Total and QCI 1~9

Uplink Traffic Volume for Total and QCI 1~9

Integrity

Service Downlink Average Throughput for QCI 1~9

Service Downlink Average Throughput for QCI 1~9

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Performance Data Manager

The PRS is a platform used to manage mobile network
performance reports and analyze network performance.

(iManager PRS V100R006 Product Description V1.1)

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Customizing Reports

(iManager PRS V100R006 Product Description V1.1)

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Restrictions on Measurement Activations

The period of measurement on the northbound interface should be

consistent with that on the southbound interface. So far, Huawei support 15
minutes and 60 minutes periods as default.
There is no restriction on the number of NE objects or measurement
objects. The measurement period can be15 minutes or 60 minutes. M2000
can provide all measurement results of all managed NEs via northbound
performance file interface.
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Contents
1.KPI Overview
2.Performance KPI
3.Driver test KPI

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Coverage Ratio
Object : Coverage test (RSRQ &
RSRP)
Evaluation formula:
Coverage radio = valid test kilometers /
total test kilometers

Standard:
The valid test kilometers should be
satisfied for RSRP -110dBm RSRQ
-3dB
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