CAMEL in GPRS prepaid
service
ghlee@alumni.csie.nctu.edu.t
w
Outline
Evolution of IN
GPRS overview
CAMEL in GPRS
Discussion
Plain Old Telephone Service
Service logic were hardwired in switching systems.
Network operators discuss services customers
required with switch vendors. (no standard)
Once services were implemented, they were not
easily modified.
service
logic
hardwired
Stored Program Control
In the mid-1960s, stored program control
(SPC) switching systems were introduced.
As a result, it was easier to introduce new
services.
Service logic was not modular.
service logic
programmable
Common Channel
Signaling
In the mid-1970s, common channel signaling network
(CCSN) was introduced.
Signaling system number 7 (SS7) is the protocol that runs
over the CCSN.
SS7 network separates the call setup information and talk
path from the common trunk that runs between switching
systems.
SS7 network components
signal switching points (SSPs)SSPs are telephone
switches equipped with SS7-capable software and
terminating signaling links. They generally originate,
terminate, or switch calls.
signal transfer points (STPs)STPs are the packet
switches of the SS7 network. They receive and route
incoming signaling messages to destination.
signal control points (SCPs)SCPs are databases
providing information necessary for advanced callprocessing capabilities
SS7 network
The Introduction of IN
During the mid-1980s, Telcordia Technologies
responded to RBOCss request and developed
the concept of Intelligent Network 1 (IN/1).
Service logic splits from switching system, now
resides in service control points (SCP).
service logic
now here
Call Model
PICs represent switching system states that a call goes
through from origination to termination.
SSPs check TDPs to see if there are any active triggers.
If an active trigger is detected, normal switching system call
processing is suspended until the SSP and SCP complete
communications.
SSP
suspended,and
ask SCP what to 9
GPRS logical architecture
SMS-GMSC
SMS-IWMSC
E
SM-SC
C
CAMEL GSMSCF
Gd
MSC/VLR
A
Gs
Iu
Uu
R
TE
HLR
MT
Ge
Gr
Iu
UTRAN
SGSN
Gc
Gi
Gn
Gb
TE
MT
R
BSS
Um
SGSN
Gn
PDN
GGSN
Ga
Ga
Gp
CGF
GGSN
Gf
TE
Billing
System
EIR
Other PLMN
Signalling Interface
Signalling and Data Transfer Interface
10
Transmission plane in 2.5G
Application
IP
IP
Relay
SNDCP
Radio
indep
Radio
dep
LLC
SNDCP
Multiplexing
layer
GTP-U
GTP-U
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
LLC
Relay
RLC
RLC
BSSGP
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
Network
Service
Network
Service
L2
L2
GSM RF
GSM RF
L1bis
L1bis
L1
L1
MS
Um
BSS
Gb
Frame
relay
SGSN
Gn
GGSN
11
Gi
Signaling plane in 2.5G
GMM/SM
GMM/SM
LLC
LLC
Relay
RLC
RLC
BSSGP
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
Network
Service
Network
Service
GSM RF
GSM RF
L1bis
L1bis
MS
Um
BSS
Gb
2G-SGSN
12
Multiplexing of network
protocols
IP/X.25
Signalling
Packet Data
Protocol
SMS
Transmission
Signaling plane plane
N-PDU
NSAPI
SNDCP
SNDC Header
NSAPI + Control
Data
LLC Header
Control
LLC Information
Data
SAPI
LLC
TLLI
RLC or BSSGP
13
User plane in 3G
Application
E.g., IP,
PPP
E.g., IP,
PPP
Relay
Relay
PDCP
PDCP
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
GTP-U
RLC
RLC
UDP/IP
UDP/IP
UDP/IP
UDP/IP
MAC
MAC
AAL5
AAL5
L2
L2
L1
L1
ATM
ATM
L1
L1
Uu
MS
Iu-PS
UTRAN
Gn
3G-SGSN
ATM
Gi
3G-GGSN
14
Control plane in 3G
GMM /
SM / SMS
GMM /
SM / SMS
Relay
RRC
RRC
RANAP
RANAP
RLC
RLC
SCCP
SCCP
MAC
MAC
Signalling
Bearer
Signalling
Bearer
L1
L1
ATM
ATM
AAL5
Uu
MS
AAL5
Iu-Ps
RNS
3G SGSN
15
CAMEL architecture
Home Network
HLR
gsmSCF
MAP
CAP
gprsSSF
SGSN
Interrogating Network
MS
Visiting Network
Home/Interrogating/Visiting Network
16
MAP/CAP protocol stack
CAP has the same underlying protocol stack as MAP.
Ge interface is first defined in 3G, but didnt appear
in 2.5G.
MAP
MAP
CAP
CAP
TCAP
TCAP
TCAP
TCAP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP3
MTP3
MTP3
MTP2
MTP2
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
L1
L1
HLR
gprsSSF
SGSN
Gr
Ge
gsmSCF
17
Overall CAMEL
Architecture
gsmSCF
CAP Interface
GPRS
Dialogue
Handler
Internal CAP Interface
gprsSSF
Internal Interface
MobileStation
SGSN
GTP
GGSN
18
Detection Points (DPs)
GPRS events maybe made visible to
gsmSCF. DPs are points at which these
events are detected.
DPs can be armed to notify gsmSCF
GPRS event was encountered, and to
allow gsmSCF to influence subsequent
handling of GPRS session/PDP Context.
If DP isnt armed, processing entity
continues processing without gsmSCF
involvement at the DP.
19
Detection Points (DPs)
3 different types of DP:
Trigger Detection Point-Request (TDPR)
Event Detection Point-Request (EDP-R)
Event Detection Point-Notification
(EDP-N)
20
Detection Points (DPs)
TDP-R
Statically armed, initiate a CAMEL control relationship
When GPRS event is encountered, processing is
suspended
EDP-R
Dynamically armed within CAMEL control relationship
When GPRS event is encountered, processing is
suspended and gprsSSF waits for inst from gsmSCF
EDP-N
Dynamically armed within CAMEL control relationship
When GPRS event is encountered, processing is not
suspended.
21
GPRS Attach/Detach State
Model
3 DPs are defined:
DP Attach
DP Change of
Position GPRS
session
DP Detach
Detached
Attach request
AD_Exception
Detach
Attach
User- or network initiated
detach
Attached
Intra SGSN Routeing
area update
Inter SGSNRouteing area
update
Change of Position GPRS Session
22
GPRS PDP Context State
Model
Idle
4 DPs are defined:
PDP Context
Setup Req
DP PDP Context
PDP Context Est.
PDP_Context_
Establishment PDP Context
C_Exception
Setup
Disconnection
DP PDP Context
PDP Context
Setup Ack.
Establishment Ack
PDP Context Est. Ack.
User or network
PDP_Context_
DP PDP Context
initiated disc.
Established
Disconnection
Routeing area update
DP Change of
Change of Position Context
Position Context
Routeing area update
Change of
Position context
23
GPRS CAMEL Scenarios
2 scenarios for CAMEL control of GPRS
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Allows CAMEL control of GPRS session and of
multiple PDP contexts within 1 GPRS dialogue
Allows CAMEL control of a single PDP contexts
Multiple PDP contexts are controlled via multiple
GPRS dialogues.
Scenario 1 and scenario 2 are mutually
exclusive.
24
GPRS CAMEL Scenario 1
Involves Attach/Detach state model
Uses less resource (tcap dialogue)
More complicated when implementation
SGSN / SSP
A/D
SM
PDP#1
SM
PDP#2
SM
GPRS Dialogue
SCP
Information flow related to
the Session
Information flow related to
PDP Context #1
Information flow related to
PDP Context #2
25
GPRS CAMEL Scenario 2
Doesnt involves Attach/Detach state model
Uses more resource (tcap dialogue)
Simpler when implementation
SGSN / SSP
PDP#1
SM
PDP#2
SM
GPRS Dialogue #1
SCP
Information flow related to
PDP context #1
Information flow related to
PDP context #2
GPRS Dialogue #2
26
GPRS Attach
The message sequence chart is too large to fit in
this slide. Please see the supplementary
document from 3GPP 23060 spec.
Notice the Insert subscriber data procedure, GPRSCSI (CAMEL Subscription Information) is sent
from HLR to SGSN.
2.5G HLR does not keep GPRS-CSI, nor does it
send GPRS-CSI to SGSN.
3G HLR could keep GPRS-CSI, also it sends GPRSCSI when doing Insert subscriber data procedure.
27
GPRS-CSI
GPRS-CSI contains following information
gsmSCF Address
Service Key
Default GPRS Handling
TDP List
CAMEL Capability Handling
CSI state
Notification flag
gsmSCF address list for CSI
28
PDP Context Activation in
2.5G
C1 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment
C2 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment_Acknowledgement
MS
BSS
2G-SGSN
2G-GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request
C1
2. Security Functions
3. Invoke Trace
4. Create PDP Context Request
4. Create PDP Context Response
7. BSS Packet Flow Context Procedures
C2
9. Activate PDP Context Accept
29
PDP Context Activation in
3G
C1 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment.
C2 :DP for CAMEL_GPRS_PDP_Context_Establishment_Acknowledgement
MS
UTRAN
3G-SGSN
3G-GGSN
1. Activate PDP Context Request
C1
4. Create PDP Context Request
4. Create PDP Context Response
5. Radio Access Bearer Setup
6. Invoke Trace
8. Update PDP Context Request
8. Update PDP Context Response
C2
9. Activate PDP Context Accept
30
CAMEL procedures for
charging activities
Procedure
ApplyChargingGPRS
ApplyChargingReportG
PRS
InitialDPGPRS
ContinueGPRS
EventReportGPRS
RequestReportGPRSEve
ssf ->
scf
scf
->ssf
-
31
Discussion
32
