LOGO
CATHODIC PROTECTION DESIGN
FOR OFFSHORE PIPELINE AND
SUBSEA STRUCTURE
CONTENTS
1
GENERAL
CRITERIA FOR CATHODIC PROTECTION
FLOWCHART OF CP CALCULATION
REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED PARAMETERS
ANODE INSTALLATION & DISTRIBUTION
2
General
Carbon steel/ stainless steel exposed to seawater corrosive reaction:
Anodic
Cathodic
Cathodic Protection (CP): make protected subject be a cathode of
electrochemical cell.
General
Methods of
Cathodic
Protection
ICCP:
IMPRESSED
CURRENT
SYSTEM
SACP:
GALVANIC
ANODE
Offshore
pipelines
and subsea
structures
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General
Applied standards for offshore cathodic protection design:
1- ISO 15589-2: Petroleum and natural gas industries - Cathodic
protection of pipeline transportation systems- Part 2: Offshore
pipelines
2- DNV-RP-B401: Cathodic Protection Design.
3- DNV RP F103: Cathodic protection of Submarine pipelines by
Galvanic anodes.
4- Norsok Standard M-503: Cathodic Protection
5- NACE-RP-0176: Corrosion Cotrol of Steel Fixed Offshore
Structurea Associated with Petroleum Production.
6- NACE-RP-0492: Metallurgical and Inspection Requirements for
Offshore Pipeline Bracelet Anodes
7- NACE RP 0387: Metallurgical and Inspection Requirements for
Cast Sacrificial Anodes for Offshore Applications
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General
Sacrificial anode (galvanic anode)
Advantage:
No external power required
Relatively easy installation
Little chance of cathodic
interference
Little maintenance
Less inspection and
recordkeeping than with impressed
current systems
Disadvantage: Not suited for
media with low conductivity, e.g. in
soil
General
OFFSHORE CP
DESIGN
INPUT
OUTPUT
1- Pipeline / Structure:
Material,
Length, Outside diameter / Area
Temperature,
Type and thickness of corrosion coating (line
pipe coating, field joint coating) and weight
coating,
Pipe laying condition
2- Deign life:
3- Environment
Resistivity,
Temperature,
Water depth
Salinity
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1-Quantity of anodes
2-Weight
anodes
and
dimensions
of
3-Distribution of anode (anode
spacing)
General
The most commonly used sacrifical anode materials for offshore are:
Al
Zn
Aluminium:
high eletrochemical capacity
reduce total mass of anode (saves weight)
long operating time (low consumption rate)
high driving voltage
Al-Zn-In anodes most commonly used for offshore
General
Zinc:
low driving voltage
low capacity (results in high weight of anodes)
temperature limits < 40 Co
Often used on constructions buried in mangrove mud
General
10
General
Aluminum semi-cylindrical bracelet anode, square ended
corner: flush mounted with concrete coating
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General
Stand-off anode for jacket
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General
ELECTROCHEMICAL INFORMATION OF ANODE IN CP DESIGN:
-Electrochemical capacity
-Closed circuit potential
-Anode utilization factor
Suitable composition of anode material helps it meet these requirements
Facilities of bracelet anode:
- Inner side coating of anode
- Cable for anode electrical continuity
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Criteria for Cathodic Protection
Potential Criteria:
Media with high salinity (offshore)
maximum -800 mV, ref Ag/AgCl
minimum -1100 mV, ref Ag/AgCl
Media with immediate salinity (nearshore)
maximum -850 mV, ref Cu/CuSO4
minimum -1100 mV, ref Cu/CuSO4
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FLOWCHART OF CP CALCULATION
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Coating
type; design
life
Water depth;
CP design
temperature
Protected
total surface
area
Coating breakdown
factor
Initial/mean/final current density
Initial/mean/final current
demand
Number of anodes with the
selected spacing
Total net anode mass
Pipe diameter +
line pipe coating
Pipe diameter +
line pipe coating
Net weight of each anode
Anode
diamete
r
Anode
diamete
r
Length of anode
Initial exposed surface area of
anode
Final exposed surface area of
anode
Anode
thicknes
s
Anode
thicknes
s
CWC
CWC
Initial anode resistance
Initial anode current
output
Driving voltage =
(Protection potential;
Closed circuit
potential) ???
Checking calculation criteria:
Total current capacity
Initial/ Final current
demand
1
2
Final anode resistance
Final anode current output
Number of anode based on
final condition
Protected
total
surface
area
Coating type;
design life
Water
depth; CP
design
temperatur
Initial/mean/final
current
e
density
Coating breakdown
factor
Initial/mean/final current
demand
Total net anode mass
Net weight of each anode
Length of anode
Initial exposed surface area of
anode
Initial anode resistance
Initial anode current
output
Checking calculation criteria:
Total current capacity
Initial/ Final current demand
Final exposed surface area of
anode
Final anode resistance
Final anode current
output
Number of anode based
on final condition
REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED
PARAMETERS
1/ Current densities = (Depth, Climate, pipe-environment surfaces
temperature)
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REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED
PARAMETERS
2/ Coating breakdown factor = (Design life, coating type)
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REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED
PARAMETERS
3/ Electrochemical parameters = (Environment)
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REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED
PARAMETERS
4/ Anode utilization factor = (Anode Type)
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REFERENCE OF CP DESIGNED
PARAMETERS
5/ Anode resistance= (Anode dimensions and environment resistivity)
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ANODE INSTALLATION &
DISTRIBUTION
BRACELET
ANODE
Anode spacing is set at a fix number of pipe joints, limiting < 300m
Anode installed post: middle of pipe (usually)
Consider to install anode on the portion of pipeline near the platform
STAND-OFF ANODE
Minimum distance from anodes to protective object is 300 mm.
Whenever practical, anodes dedicated to CP of surfaces buried in
sediments shall be located freely exposed to the sea.
Anodes shall be located with 0.5 meter or more spacing between
each other to avoid interaction effects that reduce the useful current
output.
No anodes shall be located for welding to areas with high fatigue
loads.
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