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This Section Describe The Matrix Algebra, Especially Multiplication

This document describes matrix multiplication. Matrix multiplication is only defined if the number of columns in the first matrix equals the number of rows in the second matrix. To multiply matrices, you multiply corresponding entries and sum the products. The result of matrix multiplication is a matrix whose dimensions are the number of rows in the first matrix and the number of columns in the second matrix.

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58 views23 pages

This Section Describe The Matrix Algebra, Especially Multiplication

This document describes matrix multiplication. Matrix multiplication is only defined if the number of columns in the first matrix equals the number of rows in the second matrix. To multiply matrices, you multiply corresponding entries and sum the products. The result of matrix multiplication is a matrix whose dimensions are the number of rows in the first matrix and the number of columns in the second matrix.

Uploaded by

karimtejani
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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This section describe the

matrix algebra, especially


multiplication.

Matrices

Matrix
Definition:

A rectangular arrangement
of number in rows and
columns

Generalized form of a Matrix


A matrix A Containing
elements aij has the general
form
a
a
a

A=

11

a
21
a31

12

a22
a32

13

a23
a33

Different types of Matrices


Column Matrix: A vertical set of
numbers in a matrix
5

A=

Example:

Row Matrix :

A horizontal set of
numbers in a matrix

Example:

A = [3 9 6]

Different types of Matrices


Square Matrix - A matrix that
has the equal numbers of rows
and columns
Example
7
0
2
4 3
3

4
2
A = 6 2
A=

Different types of Matrices


Identity Matrix or Unit Matrix:
An identity matrix is a diagonal
matrix in which the diagonal
elements are equal to 1.

A=

1
0

0
1
0

0
0

Different types of Matrices


Zero Matrices

Every element of a matrix is zero, it


is called a zero matrix, i.e.,
A=

0
0

0
0
0

0
0
0

Different types of Matrices


Scalar Matrix
A scalar matrix is a diagonal matrix
in which the diagonal elements are
equal.
2 0 0
A=

2
0

0
2

Dimensions of Matrix
Number of rows by number of
columns of a matrix.
Written in the form
rows columns

Examples:Findthedimensionsof
eachmatrix.
1
2 1

1.A = 0 5
4 8

Dimensions:3x2

2
2.B =
3

4

Dimensions:4x1

0 5 3 1
Dimensions:2x4
3. C =

2 0 9 6

Transpose of a matrix
DEFINITION
Let A be an (m n) matrix. Then at
the transpose of A is the matrix
obtained by interchanging the rows
and columns of A.
Transpose of A denoted by At is an
(n m) matrix

Transpose of a Matrix

Matrix Operations
1. Addition of Matrix
2. Subtraction of Matrix
3. Multiplication of Matrix

Addition of Matrices
IfAandBarebothmnmatricesthenthesumofAandB,
denotedA+B,isamatrixobtainedbyaddingcorresponding
denotedA+B,isamatrixobtainedbyaddingcorresponding
elementsofAandB.
elementsofAandB.
add
these
add
these
add
these
add
these
add these
add these

1 1 1 222 22 2
AA
A 1 1 22 22
AA 0 0 0 111 33 3
0

1
3
0 1 3

3 0 4
333 3000 0 444 4
B

BB
BB
2 2 2311 0144 4 4
B 22 1
1
44
2 1 4

22

2
2
A

AAAABBBB 2
22

2
2222
0
0

6
666
1

Addition of Matrices
To add two matrices, they must have the same
order. To add, you simply add corresponding
entries.
5
3

3
2
4 3
4
7

1
0
3

5 (2) 3 1
3 3
4 0
0 4
7 (3)

3
0
4

2
4
4

Subtraction of Matrices
To subtract two matrices, they must have the
same order. You simply subtract
corresponding entries.

9 2 4 4 0 7 9 4
5 0 6 1 5 4 5 1



1 3 8 2 3 2 1 (2)

20

4
3

05
33
2
5
0

47

6 ( 4)
8 2
3

10
6

Scalar multiplication of matrix


In matrix algebra, a real number is often called a
SCALAR. To multiply a matrix by a scalar,
you multiply each entry in the matrix by that
scalar.

2
4
4

4( 2)

4( 4)

16

4(0)

4( 1)

Multiplying
Matrices

8 2
3 2 5

7 1 0 1 5

0
3

Theymustmatch.

Dimensions:

2x3

3x2

Thedimensionsofyouranswer.

Order of Matrix
The number of columns in first matrix
must equal number of rows in second
matrix.
Row x Columns = Row x Columns

Following Matrix possible ?


1 1 1 1
0 2 0 2

1 5 1 5
3x23x2
7 0
2 0 0 1
2 4 3

3 1
3x22x3
2 1 3 5
0 0 4 2

2x22x2

NO

YES

0 1
1 2 4
1 4

3 9 9

5 8
2x33x2
3
1 2 1 2

YES

YES

3x11x3
YES

1 0 2
3 1 4 0 1
2 7

5 7 2
3x32x2

NO

Whatisthedimensionofthefollowingproducts,ifpossible?
1 1 1 1
0 2 0 2

1 5 1 5
3x23x2
7 0
2 0 0 1
2 4 3

3 1
3x22x3
2 1 3 5
0 0 4 2

2x22x2

NO

YES
3x3

0 1
1 2 4
1 4

3 9 9

5 8
2x33x2
3
1 2 1 2

YES
2x2

YES
3x3

3x11x3
YES
2x2

1 0 2
3 1 4 0 1
2 7

5 7 2
3x32x2

NO

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