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PCB Design

A printed circuit board is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. The common materials used are copper foils for the conducting layers, solder masks to protect the board, and dielectric materials like FR-4. The process of making a PCB involves laying out the circuit design, preparing the board with sunflower oil, exposing it to UV light through a printed circuit pattern, developing it to remove excess copper, and etching away extra copper to leave the conductive pathways.

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Gurpriksha Kaur
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394 views

PCB Design

A printed circuit board is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using conductive pathways etched from copper sheets laminated onto a non-conductive substrate. The common materials used are copper foils for the conducting layers, solder masks to protect the board, and dielectric materials like FR-4. The process of making a PCB involves laying out the circuit design, preparing the board with sunflower oil, exposing it to UV light through a printed circuit pattern, developing it to remove excess copper, and etching away extra copper to leave the conductive pathways.

Uploaded by

Gurpriksha Kaur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRINTED CIRCUIT

BOARD
PCB DESIGNING

WHAT IS PRINTED
CIRCUIT BOARD?
A printed circuit board, or PCB, is used to
mechanically support and electrically connect
electronic components using conductive
pathways, tracks or signal traces etched from
copper sheets laminated on to a nonconductive substrate. It is also referred to as
printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring
board. Printed circuit boards are used in
virtually all but the simplest commercially

MATERIALS USED IN
PCB:

CONDUCTING LAYERS:- thin copper foils

SOLDER MASK:-green,blue or black in


colour

DIELECTRICS:-polytetrafluoroethylene
(Teflon) ,FR4, FR-1, CEM-1
or CEM-3

FR-4 (Woven glass and epoxy) is by far


the most common material used today.
The board with copper on it is called
"copper-clad laminate".

Copper foil thickness can be specified in


ounces per square foot or micrometres.
One ounce per square foot is 1.344 mils
or 34 micrometres.

PROCESS OF PCB
DESIGNING:1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB
PCB

Layout
Preparation
UV Exposure
Development
Etching

PCB layout
The PCB layout is printed 1:1 on paper by means of a laser printer
or copier machine.

Positive mirrored (top view) layout

Component (top view) layout

PCB preparation
The sunflower-seed oil is used to make the white part of the
layout paper transparent for light.

Drench layout with sunflower-seed oil

Layout fully drenched

Greasy layout

PCB UV Exposure

Place layout with toner side


on copper of the PCB

Cover PCB and layout with window-pa

Exposure

PCB DEVELOPMENT
Use a brush to speed up the developing and clean the PCB during this
process if the PCB is still greasy due to the applied sunflower-seed oil. The
developing process takes about 1 minute

Gently brush the PCB

Almost developed, some


traces are not clear yet

PCB Etching
1. The developed PCB is etched with a 220 g/l
solution of ammonium peroxydisulfate
(NH4)2S2O8 a.k.a. ammonium persulfate, 220
gram added to 1 liter of water and mix it until
everything is dissolved.
2. The etching solution heating up could be done
in a magnetron, this takes about 40 to 60
seconds in a 850W magnetron depending on the
initial temperature of the etching solution.

PCB Etching process

Rock the etching tray The epoxy of the PCB becomes visi

The etching solution


colors slighty blue

Finished

Most of our Etched PCB laminates are:


1. Double sided Laminate Two layers of copper tracks, one each
side of the board In progressively smaller Quantities4 Layer, 6
Layer, 8 Layer
2. Plated Through Hole PTH - each hole is copper plated providing
a circuit between sides of the PCB. Normally we also Tent the vias cover them with solder mask.
3. Fibreglass-resin laminate (FR4)
4. Solder Mask Over Bare Copper SMOBC - green insulating ink
everywhere except connections
5. Component legend Identifying lettering, component outlines and
values in white ink
6. Immersion Silver for ROHS compliant workSilver plate on all
exposed copper, prevents oxidation and so keeps the surface
solderable. An alternative is electroless gold.
7. Tinned For non-ROHS workTinning is application of Lead-Tim
Solder to all exposed copper, increasing solderability
8. Hot oil levelled Hot oil - or hot air - levelling makes the tinning
flat, so that surface mount components can be positioned reliably.

Different methods of PCB construction:


Conventional A rigid PCB (usually of thickness 1.6mm), with wire-leaded
components mounted on only one side of the PCB, with all the leads
through holes, soldered and clipped. Conventional circuitry is generally
easier to debug and repair than Surface mount.

Surface Mount Technology (SMT) or devices (SMD) A PCB with tagleaded components soldered flush to PCB pads. Holes are still needed on
the PCB, but not where the component leads are attached. Surface mount
circuitry is generally smaller than conventional. Surface mount is generally
more suited to automated assembly than conventional.

Surface mount & conventional mix In practice, most boards are a mix
of surface mount and conventional components. This can have its
disadvantages as the two technologies require different methods of
insertion and soldering.

Double sided Laminate A bare PCB laminate having tracks on both


sides, normally with PTH holes connecting circuitry on the two sides
together.

Double sided Component Assembly Mounting components on both


sides of the PCB. Normally only surface mount circuitry would be mounted
on both sides of a PCB, but some conventional components (such as LEDs)

Multi-layer A PCB Laminate may be manufactured with more than two


layers of copper tracks by using a sandwich construction. The cost of the
laminate reflects the number of layers. The extra layers may be used to
route more complicated circuitry, and/or distribute the power supply more
effectively.

Gold plated Certain areas on a PCB may be gold plated for use as contact
pads or as a ROHS-compliant board finish. Normally only a thin gold
plating is required, and this can be achieved with electroless gold

Immersion Silver plating A ROHS-compliant board finish that is a cost


effective alternative to Gold

ROHS Compliance Simple definition: Getting rid of the Lead in PCBs and
components which poisons groundwater when it leaches out of discarded
boards put in landfill waste dumps. Actually, lead is not the only substance
covered, but it is the main one. Frankly it would also help if people
stopped throwing away so much electronics, and that would be helped if
boards were made to last.

Flexible PCB A technique used extensively with membrane keyboards,


combination connector/circuit boards, and circuit boards to fit in awkward
shapes - e.g. cameras.

Chip On Board (COB)


Where the IC die is attached direct to a PCB, and bond
out wires from the IC connect directly to PCB lands.
The chip is then covered with a black blob of epoxy. A
technique used mostly with very high volume, cost
sensitive applications, e.g. musical greeting cards.
Phenolic PCB
As distinct from Fibreglass, Phenolic is a cheaper PCB
laminate material.
Daughterboard
A circuit board mounted to another circuit board - such
as a plug in card.

CONCLUSION

(1)Exposure

(2)Development

(3)Etching

(4)Finished

THANK YOU !!!

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