SS7
By
DEEPAK SACHDEVA
12/10/15
CONTENTS
History of network.
Need of SS7.
Main components.
STP
SSP
SCP
CRP
IP
Network Links
Network Architecture.
SS7 User part functionality.
MTP-1
MTP-2
MTP-3
SCCP
TCAP
ISUP
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HISTORY OF
NETWORK
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NEED OF SS7
SS7 Defines the Procedures and Protocols by which the NEs in the PSTN
exchange information over the digital signaling network to effect wireless
(cellular) and wire line :
Call Set up
Routing & Control
Network Management & Maintenance.
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Main Components:
STP (Signaling Transfer Point)
Digital Sister of Switch in PSTN.
Paired for Redundancy.
Single STP Engineered to 40% of Capacity.
Capacity = 0.5 * Total Traffic Diverted at a pair / 0.4
SSP (Service Switching Point)
with capability for Call set up.
Queries to unknown databases.
Hang up the call processing and make the necessary actions .
SCP (Service Control Point)
Acts as the front end of the database.
CRP (Customer Routing Point)
Database maintained by the Corporate/ Large company for itself.
IP (Intelligent Peripheral)
Database access with Intelligent functions ( frequent Numbers called, voice
recognition calling etc.)
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MSC
Point code in a SS7 Network.
Maintains link with PSTN and SS7 Network.
HLR
Information to validate the customer
Billing information.
VLR
Maintains database for subscribers (roaming).
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Network Links
Access Links Link a SP to a local STP pair.
Cross Links Link two STPs together to form a pair.
Bridge Links Link two pairs at the same level (local/local or regional/regional ).
Diagonal Links Link a STP Pair to higher level STP pair.
Extended Links Link a SP to a remote STP pair.
Fully Associated Links Link two associated nodes together.
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NETWORK
ARCHITECTURE
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SS7 USER
PART
Features
FUNCTIONALIT
Modular approach ( each module performs in sequence and hands over to
the next one.)
Y
Has led to the layered Protocol
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APPLICATION TO APPLICATION
COMMUNICATION
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Functions of User Parts
MTP 1 (Message transfer part)
Physical Layer Deals with hardware and electrical configurations.
Deals with physical issues at the level of
cards,
processors & multiplexers.
MTP 2
Last to handle outgoing messages and first to handle the incoming.
Monitors Links and reports status to higher part.
Ensures
message integrity.
Sequence of messages.
Discards bad messages and request copies.
Acknowledge good ones.
Places link in service, takes it out and restores the link .
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Functions
Signal Unit Delimitation (placing of flag with MSU ).
Signal unit Error Detection (check bit algorithm).
Signal Unit Error Correction.
Land based Transmission ( copies sent from Transmission buffer)
Limited Copies held ( retransmitted until acknowledgement received )
Signaling link Alignment.
Stops sending the copies when receiving side catches up with the sequence.
( Start of Original messages)
Satellite based Transmission
Discarded upon disparity in check bit .
Invoked on restoring link
Normal Alignment ( 2 secs 4 states standard 64kbps links)
Emergency Alignment (0.5 secs 1 trial )
Congestion Monitoring SIB (status indicator busy) to transmitting side.
MTP-3
Signaling message handling
Network management
Network Management
Traffic management
Use of link sets to determine the message flow on
priority basis (0 to 3).
Assigns SLS.
Use of forced rerouting
TFP (transfer prohibited)
TCP(transfer cluster prohibited)
Controlled rerouting
TFR(transfer restricted)
TCR (transfer cluster restricted)
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(Contd)
Link Management
Signaling Link Activation
At request of an application.
Signaling Link changeover
Performs and generates COO (Change over Order) &
receives COA (Change over acknowledgment) from adjacent node.
Signaling Change back
generates CBD ( Change back declaration) on switchback.
Gets CBA ( Change back acknowledgement ).
Routing Management
Flip side of Traffic Management with
TFP ( transfer restricted )
TCP ( transfer cluster prohibited )
TFR ( transfer restricted )
TCR ( transfer cluster restricted )
TFA ( transfer allowed )
TCA ( transfer cluster allowed )
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* Sent by STP to adjacent nodes
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(Contd)
Congestion Control
Manages on the monitoring done by MTP-2.
Decides by event sensing
Congestion onset value
Congestion abatement value
Discard onset value ( for 3 priority levels, level four network
management )
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(Contd)
Flow control procedures invoked
MTP-2congestion is detected on receiving end.
Congestion control procedures invoked
MTP-3.congestion is detected on sending end / transmit / retransmit
buffer.
Signal Messaging Handling
Message Discrimination
Message destination as related to the SP.
DPC ( Destination point code)
Message Distribution
Intended for which User Part.
Defined by field in the message.
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SCCP
Services types
Class 0 connectionless.
Messages are not transferred in reference / delivered without sequence.
Class 1 connectionless.
Services of MTP-3 asked (SLS stops rotating & remains same).
Messages delivered in sequence.
Extended functions
Specialized routing.
DPC (Identification / addressing of a database)
SSN ( For routing to the appropriate network and database)
GTT ( Global Title Translation )
helps in access to centralized database.
SPs access to all databases(universally) without having to maintain them.
Better control of databases ( use of GTT to hide/ restrict access) by
organizations.
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(Contd.)
Subsystem Management
Deals with database management ( backup / redundancy)
SCCP interacts by sending following commands
N-coord request from database(withdrawing) to local SCCP.
Subsystem out of service from local SCCP redundant SCCP.
N-coord confirmation sent to local subsystem if local timer(set by local SCCP) phase
N-coord response sent by SCCP(redundant) to SCCP(local) if resources ready for loa
Sub- system prohibited sent by SCCP(local) to CP(Concerned points).
Sub- system allowed sent by SCCP(local) to CP on return of services.
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Subsystem status check sent to SCCP(Prohibited) to check the service status.
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TCAP (Transaction capabilities application Protocol)
Offers services to OMAP (Operation , maintenance & administration part), IS-41D (Interim
Standard 41, version D) & GSM MAP(Mobile Application Part).
Allow applications to exchange information using signaling(not circuit switched).
Used by switching locations to obtain data from databases.
SSP from 800db, MSC from HLR.
Invoke features to another switch ( Number redialing, auto call back)
Provides procedures for database updates be reference to other databases.
TCAP messages go in sync with SCCP messages(specialized routing) & have appropriate
message structure and parameters to acquire and package data.
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ISUP (Integrated services digital network user part)
Used throughout PSTN to provide messaging necessary necessary for call set-up and
teardown of all circuits..both voice and digital.
Used by wireless networks to establish connection in PSTN.
Services offered
Basic
Services involved in setting up and tear down a call.
Supplementary
Services necessary to maintain / modify the call.
Functionalities
SPRC(Signaling procedure control) directly interfaces
with services of MTP.
CSC(Circuit supervision control) maintaining of call.
CPC(Call processing control) maintaining of call.
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WHAT LIES AHEAD..
SMSC
Product Overview
Services & Features.
SMSC as related to SS7.
How does SMS flow.
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THANK YOU
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