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Raoults & Henry's Law

This document discusses Raoult's law and Henry's law, which describe the behavior of solutions and gases dissolved in liquids. Raoult's law states that the vapor pressure of a component in a solution is equal to its mole fraction in the solution times its vapor pressure if it were pure. Henry's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating vapor pressures using Raoult's law and concentrations using Henry's law. The assumptions of ideal gas behavior and non-interacting solution components are also described.

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338 views18 pages

Raoults & Henry's Law

This document discusses Raoult's law and Henry's law, which describe the behavior of solutions and gases dissolved in liquids. Raoult's law states that the vapor pressure of a component in a solution is equal to its mole fraction in the solution times its vapor pressure if it were pure. Henry's law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating vapor pressures using Raoult's law and concentrations using Henry's law. The assumptions of ideal gas behavior and non-interacting solution components are also described.

Uploaded by

russell_mahmood
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RAOULTS LAW & HENRYS

LAW
CHE 698
Russell Mahmood

Reactant
1
Reactant
2

Product
Heate
r Unit

React
or
Unit

Separati
on Unit

Coolin
g Unit
Byproduct

Reduce pressure
by opening the
can

12/10/15

Raoults Law & Henrys Law


Ideal Gas Assumption:

Molecules occupy zero space


Zero molecular interaction

Ideal Solution Assumption:


Two types of molecules are randomly
distributed
Molecules are assumed to be similar in size
and shape
Intermolecular forces in pure liquids & mixture
are similar
Examples: benzene & toluene, hexane and
heptane

Raoults Law & Henrys Law

(A solute)

(Bsolvent)

Raoults
Law

(A+B)

Henrys
Law

Raoults Law & Henrys Law

Raoults Law:
Describes the behavior of solvents containing a small volume fraction of
solute.
The vapor pressure of a component A in a solution at temperature T is
equal to the product of the mole fraction of A in solution and the vapor
pressure of pure A at temperature T.

Raoults Law & Henrys Law


Vapor Liquid
Equilibrium

Solute-solvent
molecules are
strongly bonded than
solvent-solvent
Solute-solvent
molecules are less
strongly bonded than
solvent-solvent

Saturated vapor
pressure of
solvent

Vapor Liquid
Equilibrium

Not
Raoults
law

Vapor Liquid
Equilibrium

Not
Raoults
law

Raoults Law & Henrys Law


Vapor Liquid
Equilibrium

Solute-solvent
molecules are equally
strongly bonded as
the solvent-solvent
molecules

Vapor Liquid
Equilibrium

Saturated vapor
pressure of
solvent
Raoults
law

Raoults Law & Henrys Law


Example #1 (Raoults Law):If 0.340 mol of a nonvolatile
nonelectrolyte are dissolved in 3.00 mol of water, what is the
vapor pressure of the resulting solution? (The vapor pressure of
pure water is 23.8 torr at 25.0
C.)

Raoults Law & Henrys Law

Henrys Law:
Describes the behavior of a solute in a dilute solution.
Sates that the amount of gas dissolved in a solution is directly
proportional to the partial pressure of the gas.

Raoults Law & Henrys Law


Solvent
molecules
surround solute.
Their effect
cannot be
ignored
Solute
molecule

Raoults Law & Henrys Law

Raoults Law & Henrys Law


Question:

In a typical 2L soda bottle, the partial pressure of CO2 is about 4atm. If


the Henrys Law constant () for in water at 298 K is 29.4 , what is the
concentration of in the soda?
Answer:

Raoults Law & Henrys Law

Raoults
Law

Henrys
Law

Raoults Law & Henrys Law


Pressure
of a
solution

Pressure
from
solvent

Pressure
from
solute

Calculate
using
Raoults
Law

Calculate
using
Henrys
Law

Raoults Law & Henrys Law


References:
1) Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Smith & Van Ness, 7 th Edition
2) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%27s_law
3) http://
dwb.unl.edu/Teacher/NSF/C09/C09Links/www.chem.ualberta.ca/courses/plambeck/p101/p01182.h
tm
4) http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Solutions_and_Mixt
ures/Ideal_Solutions/Dissolving_Gases_In_Liquids,_Henry's_Law

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